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The number of governments backing a proposal for a global levy on maritime emissions has grown, according to the head of the United Nations shipping body, in a shift celebrated by Pacific island states which are particularly vulnerable to climate change.

“You will see that an increased number of member states are now adding their support for the levy,” Arsenio Dominguez, secretary-general of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), told journalists at its London headquarters on Tuesday.

Shipping-reliant nations like Panama and Liberia have joined the European Union, UK, Japan, Nigeria, Kenya and others in backing the Pacific islands’ proposal for a levy on ships’ emissions.

Veteran Pacific shipping negotiator Albon Ishoda, the Marshall Islands’ special envoy for maritime decarbonisation, said support from Panama and Liberia was a “milestone in our collective journey” and “validates the Pacific’s enduring efforts to champion ambition and equity”.

Price on all emissions?

At upcoming talks in London in February and April, governments will debate whether to impose a levy on all of a ship’s emissions or only to introduce a fuel standard.

A levy would force ship owners to pay for every tonne of greenhouse gases their vessels emit, making the use of more polluting fuels – like today’s oil-based bunker fuel – more expensive. It would incentivise the use of lower-emitting fuels like ammonia, biofuels, methanol and hydrogen.

A fuel standard, which most countries already agree on, would see ship owners pay for emissions only above a certain level. Owners of ships emitting below this level could potentially sell licenses to those emitting above it, enabling them to continue polluting. This would incentivise shipowners to use cleaner fuels or to save fuel by sailing slower.

On Tuesday, Dominguez said he was optimistic that agreement on whether to have a levy, fuel standard or both would be found in April and signed off at the next set of IMO talks in October.

Arsenio Dominguez speaks to journalists at International Maritime Organization headquarters on January 14 2024 (Photo: IMO)

Details to come later

Negotiations on how much a levy should be, and what it should be spent on, are likely to take longer but the IMO aims to have any measures in place by 2027.

Ahead of the February 17-21 talks, governments have submitted proposals on how a levy – which could raise over $100 billion a year, according to UN estimates – should be designed.

A proposal put forward by the broad group of levy backers unanimously recommends that some of the money should be given to ships powered by clean fuels and used to research and develop these fuels and the port infrastructure required to use them.

It also says that part of the funds raised should go towards addressing disproportionately negative impacts of the measures, which studies have shown are likely to raise the price of shipping across the world, on some countries.

But the countries behind the proposal disagree on whether proceeds from a levy should be allocated only to developing countries and whether they should be restricted to the shipping sector or used for the wider energy transition.

One option in their joint proposal says the funds should be limited to “the boundaries of the energy system of international shipping” while another option deletes this text.

Hunger concerns

A group of five small island states and the International Chamber of Shipping, a trade association, put forward a separate proposal, which says some funds should be directed to climate causes outside shipping, through existing funds like the Green Climate Fund or the Global Environment Facility.

Ishoda’s Marshall Islands was one of the nations backing this proposal. He told Climate Home that the shipping industry must “assist our communities to adapt to the constant sea level rise made by shipping’s dirty past”.

A levy has been opposed most vocally by South American nations like Brazil, whose economy is reliant on shipping bulky goods like iron ore long distances, and are therefore sensitive to increases in the price of shipping.

Dominguez – who is Panamanian – told Climate Home on Tuesday that some nations, particularly in the Global South, are concerned that shipping price rises may lead to exporting farms becoming unprofitable and shutting down, harming national food security. The IMO will hold a workshop before the April talks to address these concerns.

Outside of the IMO, a coalition of governments led by France, Kenya and Barbados is researching and attempting to win support from other nations for levies on different sectors, including shipping, aviation, fossil fuels and financial transactions.

Friederike Roder is the director of the secreteriat for this Global Solidarity Levies Task Force. She told Climate Home that it supports the IMO’s discussions on a shipping emissions levy and is “following matters very closely”, but doesn’t want to “duplicate processes”.

(Reporting by Joe Lo; editing by Megan Rowling)

The post Support grows for global tax on shipping emissions to fund climate action appeared first on Climate Home News.

Support grows for global tax on shipping emissions to fund climate action

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States Say They Need More Help Replacing Lead Pipes. Congress May Cut the Funding Instead.

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The U.S. House voted to cut millions promised for the work this year. The Senate will vote this week, as advocates and some lawmakers push back.

The Senate is taking up a spending package passed by the House of Representatives that would cut $125 million in funding promised this year to replace toxic lead pipes.

States Say They Need More Help Replacing Lead Pipes. Congress May Cut the Funding Instead.

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6 books to start 2026

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Here are 6 inspiring books discussing oceans, critiques of capitalism, the Indigenous fight for environmental justice, and hope—for your upcoming reading list this year.

The Deepest Map: The High-Stakes Race to Chart the World’s Oceans
by Laura Trethewey (2023)

The Deepest Map: The High-Stakes Race to Chart the World’s Oceans

by Laura Trethewey (2023)

This book reminds me of the statement saying that people hear more about the moon and other planets in space than what lies beneath Earth’s oceans, which are often cited as ‘scary’ and ‘harsh’. Through investigative and in-depth reportage, ocean journalist and writer Laura Trethewey tackles important aspects of ocean mapping.

The mapping and exploration can be very useful to understand more about the oceans and to learn how we can protect them. On the other hand, thanks to neoliberal capitalism, it can potentially lead to commercial exploitation and mass industrialisation of this most mysterious ecosystem of our world.

The Deepest Map is not as intimidating as it sounds. Instead, it’s more exciting than I anticipated as it shows us more discoveries we may little know of: interrelated issues between seafloor mapping, geopolitical implications, ocean exploitation due to commercial interest, and climate change.


The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality
by Katharina Pistor (2019)

The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality

by Katharina Pistor (2019)

Through The Code of Capital, Katharina Pistor talks about the correlation between law and the creation of wealth and inequality. She noted that though the wealthy love to claim hard work and skills as reasons why they easily significantly generate their fortunes, their accumulation of wealth would not last long without legal coding.

“The law is a powerful tool for social ordering and, if used wisely, has the potential to serve a broad range of social objectives: yet, for reasons and with implications that I attempt to explain, the law has been placed firmly in the service of capital,” she stated.

The book does not only show interesting takes on looking at inequality and the distribution of wealth, but also how those people in power manage to hoard their wealth with certain codes and laws, such as turning land into private property, while lots of people are struggling under the unjust system.


The Intersectional Environmentalist: How to Dismantle Systems of Oppression to Protect People + Planet
by Leah Thomas (2022)

The Intersectional Environmentalist: How to Dismantle Systems of Oppression to Protect People + Planet

by Leah Thomas (2022)

Arguing that capitalism, racism, and other systems of oppression are the drivers of exploitation, activist Leah Thomas focuses on addressing the application of intersectionality to environmental justice through The Intersectional Environmentalist. Marginalised people all over the world are already on the front lines of the worsening climate crisis yet struggling to get justice they deserve.

I echo what she says, as a woman born and raised in Indonesia where clean air and drinkable water are considered luxury in various regions, where the extreme weather events exacerbated by the climate crisis hit the most vulnerable communities (without real mitigation and implementations by the government while oligarchies hijack our resources).

I think this powerful book is aligned with what Greenpeace has been speaking up about for years as well, that social justice and climate justice are deeply intertwined so it’s crucial to fight for both at the same time to help achieve a sustainable future for all.


As Long As Grass Grows
by Dina Gilio-Whitaker (2019)

As Long As Grass Grows

by Dina Gilio-Whitaker (2019)

Starting with the question “what does environmental justice look like when Indigenous people are at the centre?” Dina Gilio-Whitaker takes us to see the complexities of environmental justice and the endless efforts of Indigenous people in Indian country (the lands and communities of Native American tribes) to restore their traditional cultures while healing from the legacy of trauma caused by hundreds of years of Western colonisation.

She emphasizes that what distinguishes Indigenous peoples from colonisers is their unbroken spiritual relationship to their ancestral homelands. “The origin of environmental justice for Indigenous people is dispossession of land in all its forms; injustice is continually reproduced in what is inherently a culturally genocidal structure that systematically erases Indigenous people’s relationships and responsibilities to their ancestral places,” said Gilio-Whitaker.

I believe that the realm of today’s modern environmentalism should include Indigenous communities and learn their history: the resistance, the time-tested climate knowledge systems, their harmony with nature, and most importantly, their crucial role in preserving our planet’s biodiversity.


The Book of Hope
by Jane Goodall and Douglas Abrams with Gail Hudson (2021)

The Book of Hope

by Jane Goodall and Douglas Abrams with Gail Hudson (2021)

The Book of Hope is a marvelous glimpse into primatologist and global figure Jane Goodall’s life and work. The collaborator of the book, journalist Douglas Abrams, makes this reading experience even more enjoyable by sharing the reflective conversations between them, such as the definition of hope, and how to keep it alive amid difficult times.

Sadly, as we all know, Jane passed away this year. We have lost an incredible human being in the era when we need more someone like her who has inspired millions to care about nature, someone whose wisdom radiated warmth and compassion. Though she’s no longer with us, her legacy to spread hope stays.


Ocean: Earth’s Last Wilderness
by David Attenborough and Colin Butfield (2025)

Ocean: Earth’s Last Wilderness

by David Attenborough and Colin Butfield (2025)

“I could only have dreamed of recording in the early stages of my career, and we have changed the ocean so profoundly that the next hundred years could either witness a mass extinction of ocean life or a spectacular recovery.”

The legend David Attenborough highlights how much humans have yet to understand the ocean in his latest book with Colin Butfield. The first part of it begins with what has happened in a blue whale’s lifetime. Later it takes us to coral reefs, the deep of the ocean, kelp forest, mangroves, even Arctic, Oceanic seamounts, and Southern Ocean. The book contains powerful stories and scientific facts that will inspire ocean lovers, those who love to learn more about this ecosystem, and those who are willing to help protect our Earth.

To me, this book is not only about the wonder of the ocean, but also about hope to protect our planet. Just like what Attenborough believes: the more people understand nature, the greater our hope of saving it.


Kezia Rynita is a Content Editor for Greenpeace International, based in Indonesia.

6 books to start 2026

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‘I Am the River’: How Indigenous Knowledge Reshaped New Zealand’s Law

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The Whanganui River is officially a living being and legal person. Māori leaders explain how Indigenous knowledge and persistence made it happen.

Ned Tapa has spent his life along New Zealand’s Whanganui River. For Tapa, a Māori leader, the river is not a resource to be managed or a commodity to be owned. It is an ancestor. A living being. A life force.

‘I Am the River’: How Indigenous Knowledge Reshaped New Zealand’s Law

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