Buildings account for about 40% of global CO2 emissions, so it’s no wonder why so much focus goes toward green building systems and reduced emissions from corporate structures. Reducing this structural carbon footprint can help counter climate change and push us toward the goals outlined in the Paris Agreement and other climate action pacts.
To help you plan and work toward lowering emissions from corporate buildings, you can look to a GHG emissions reduction audit checklist for building owners. These audit checklists and GHG inventory management can all help you reach your carbon emissions goals.
Continue reading for more about these audits and the actions you can take to reduce your building’s emissions.
How Do You Reduce GHG in Buildings?
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions) in buildings starts when construction begins and continues throughout the building’s lifespan. Let’s review how to reduce emissions in both stages to minimize a building’s environmental impact.
GHG Emissions Reduction Audit Checklist for Building Owners During Construction
Starting on the right foot regarding GHG emissions reductions for building owners begins at the construction phase. Of course, none of this will apply if we’re talking about an existing building. However, if you’re constructing a new building, these tips can help lower the carbon footprint of erecting a new building.
Reuse Old Buildings
Instead of commissioning a new building, you can reduce emissions by reusing an old building. In fact, by doing this, you can save 50% to 75% of the embodied carbon emissions — the emissions associated with the materials and construction process — relative to new construction.
So, when considering a new building, think to yourself, “Is there an existing building we can renovate to fit our needs?” If so, you can reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by rehabilitating the old building. Plus, you can use some of the character in older commercial buildings to your advantage in the design phase.
Remember, that when reusing older buildings, you’ll likely have some extra work for efficiency improvements, but the emissions savings will easily offset that need.
Use Low-Carbon Concrete
Concrete production isn’t known for its GHG emissions, but its sheer weight and the amount that goes into a new building make it the most significant embodied carbon source in many projects. In fact, cement accounts for a whopping 7% of all global emissions and 50% to 85% of the embodied carbon in a building project.
You can reduce your building’s carbon footprint by opting for lower-emission concrete, such as those with fly ash, slag, or calcined clays. You can even opt for lower-strength concrete where it makes sense.
Limit Carbon-Heavy Materials
Materials with big carbon footprints, such as metals, plastic, and foam, can be a part of the construction process but seek low-carbon alternatives where possible to help with the decarbonization of your project.
So, consider a wooden instead of a steel structure to reach your building’s GMG emissions reduction goals. Or maybe opt for wooden siding instead of vinyl.
Reuse Materials
During the construction or renovation process, don’t immediately scrap all the old materials. Many of those materials, such as metal, bricks, concrete, and wood, are reusable. And each item you reuse directly reduces your project’s emission factors. Plus, it’s a more cost-effective way to build.
Focus on Recycled Materials
Recycled materials can help greatly lower the GHG emissions in your building or renovation project. For example, new steel can have five times the carbon footprint of recycled steel. On top of lowering your carbon footprint, recycled materials are often less expensive than new materials.
Minimize Finished Materials
Finishings like vinyl flooring or carpeting add to the carbon footprint of your project. Instead of going with these finishings, choose materials that don’t need finishings, such as polished concrete for the floors.
GHG Emissions Reduction Audit Checklist for Building Owners After Construction
After construction, you are still responsible for keeping the ongoing building emissions as low as possible, whether through improved energy efficiency, reduced waste, or improved sustainability. Let’s review some action plans building owners can take to ensure they improve their energy conservation and the building’s ongoing GMG emissions remain low.
Update Heating and Cooling
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) make up 40% to 60% of all building carbon emissions, so this area is ripe for cutting. First, ensure you have an efficient system installed, such as some of the newer passive heating and cooling setups.
It’s also a good idea to have a programmable system. You can program it to a warmer setting during off-hours and a comfortable setting during occupancy hours.
Also, most buildings have outdoor air ventilation to keep the inside fresh, but the issue is this system runs constantly and always needs to be heated or cooled. You can counter this by installing air-quality sensors that detect when ventilation is necessary and activate this system only when needed.
This will help reduce your energy consumption, lower overall energy costs, and shrink your building’s footprint.
Perform Lighting Upgrades
Up to 40% of a commercial building’s energy consumption goes toward lighting, making this another prime target for reducing building emissions and adding in some cost savings.
Some ways to immediately lower the carbon footprint of your lighting is to install smart lights that only turn on when an area is in use and to replace all inefficient incandescent lights with more eco-friendly LED lighting. You can also add some daylighting to certain areas of the building, taking advantage of the greenest of all lights — the sun.
Install Renewable Energy
Offset some or all of your buildings’ energy use by installing renewable energy, such as solar panels. These energy efficiency measures may have significant upfront expenses, but federal and local government incentives and overall electricity savings can help make up for this cost.
By installing green appliances, you can lower energy consumption and increase energy savings. For example, you can replace old and inefficient boilers and water heaters with more efficient solar water heaters to lower electricity or natural gas usage when generating hot water. You can even swap old hard-wired ventilation fans with solar-powered ones to improve energy performance.
Reduce Water Waste
Sustainable water use can also go a long way in reducing your environmental impact and cutting operational costs. Some ways to help lower water use and waste include retrofitting low-flow water fixtures, reclaiming water systems for non-potable water recycling, and collecting rainwater for use in on-site irrigation and decorative water features.
How Do You Conduct a GHG Inventory?
First, what is a greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory? According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it is “a list of emission sources and the associated emissions quantified using standardized methods.”
The EPA outlines the GHG inventory development process in four steps: scope and plan, collect and quantify data, create a GHG inventory management plan, and set targets, track, and report. Let’s review these four steps in more detail.
Step 1: Scope and Plan
To conduct a GHG inventory, you start by reviewing the organization’s GHG accounting methods and how it reports on these emissions. The organization and its stakeholders must then determine the organization’s emissions boundaries, select a base year to start from, and consider bringing in a third party to verify the improvements.
Step 2: Collect and Quantify Data
In the second step, you’ll identify all the GHG data required and the preferred data-collection methods. Then, you’ll develop procedures, tools, and guidance that adhere to these requirements. After that, gather and review all the facility data, such as electricity and natural gas consumption from the baseline year you chose, and use estimation to fill in any data gaps. From there, you can calculate your emissions.
Step 3: Create a GHG Inventory Management Plan
Next, you‘ll create formal data collection procedures and document processes in the inventory management plan. This will include all institutional, managerial, and technical arrangements made for data collection, inventory preparation, and implementation of steps to manage inventory quality.
This management system ensures a systematic process is in place to help prevent and correct errors and identify where investments net the greatest improvements in inventory quality. However, this system’s main focus is to ensure the credibility of the organization’s GHG inventory data using five key GHG accounting principles, which we’ll cover later.
Overall, your inventory management plan will have seven key steps:
- Create an inventory quality team.
- Create a quality management plan.
- Perform generic quality tests.
- Perform source-specific quality tests.
- Review final inventory estimates and reports.
- Institutionalize formal feedback loops.
- Report, document, and archive data.
Step 4: Set Targets, Track, and Report
With the process in place, it’s now time to set your building-emissions-reduction targets relative to the base year you selected and, if you like, bring in a third party to verify your targets are attainable and helpful. You’ll then report all data as needed, publish a public GHG target report, and track your progress toward effective energy management and emissions reductions.
What Is the Standard for GHG Accounting?
Greenhouse gas emissions accounting and reporting must be based on five key principles. The principles are as follows:
- Relevance: The GHG inventory must appropriately reflect the company’s GHG emissions and serve internal and external users’ decision-making needs.
- Completeness: The organization must account for and report all sources of GHG emissions and activities within the chosen boundaries. It must also disclose and justify any GHG emissions it excluded.
- Consistency: An organization’s methodologies must remain consistent to allow accurate and meaningful GHG emission comparisons.
- Transparency: Address all relevant issues factually and coherently using a clear audit trail. If relevant assumptions are used, the organization must disclose them and make appropriate references.
- Accuracy: Ensure the GHG emissions quantification is neither over nor under the actual emissions and that uncertainties are reduced as much as possible. The organization must also ensure sufficient accuracy so users can decide based on the reported information’s integrity.
How Do You Measure GHG Emissions in a Building?
Emissions from a building can come in all three scopes: scope one, scope two, and scope three. When calculating GHG emissions from a building, you must consider all three scopes, which can make it tricky.
Scope one emissions are relatively simple to track, as these are direct GHG emissions, such as burning fossil fuels. To calculate GHG emissions in this scope, review resource consumption on utility bills, and use a calculator to determine the GHG emissions that amount of consumption made.
Scope two emissions are indirect GHG emissions that stem from the building’s energy usage from the electrical grid. So, if your company’s electricity comes from a coal-fired plant, this would include your building’s share of that plant’s emissions based on your energy consumption.
You can estimate your scope two emissions using a GHG emissions calculator and the building information, such as square feet. Keep in mind, getting a precise number is generally not possible because many power grids include multiple energy sources, including coal, natural gas, nuclear, and solar.
Finally, scope three emissions include GHG emissions from all other sources, including the supply chain and other business operations that are not within the organization’s control. In terms of a building, this can include all embodied carbon too.
Scope three emissions are difficult to track and are generally not in the organization’s control, for this reason, organizations normally aren’t required to report on them. However, monitoring, understanding, and reducing scope three emissions can help you create a green building.
Help Fight Global Warming by Auditing and Reducing Your Building’s GHG Emissions
Global warming and climate change are critical, and it’s time for everyone to chip in and do their part. This includes building owners reducing their buildings’ carbon footprints. Fortunately, GHG emissions reduction audit checklists for building owners can help in this process by giving you firm steps to follow and the data you need to successfully reduce your structural carbon footprint.
If you’re not yet ready to take on the task of reducing building emissions or already have and want to further decrease your corporate carbon footprint, we have options for you at Terrapass. Check out our voluntary carbon credits, and see how they can help offset any remaining corporate emissions, helping you attain or get closer to being a net-zero carbon emitter.
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Carbon Footprint
Carbon Market 2026: Supply Squeeze Pushes Premium Carbon Credit Prices Up, Sylvera Finds
The global carbon market is changing fast in 2026. The latest insights from Sylvera’s State of Carbon Credits report show a clear shift. Volumes are falling, but value is holding steady. This means buyers now focus more on quality than quantity.
Furthermore, the market is splitting into two clear segments. High-quality credits are in demand and sell at higher prices. Older or lower-quality credits are losing interest. This divide is growing stronger and shaping how the market will evolve in the coming years.
Shell’s Sharp Cut Pulls Down Market Volumes
Carbon credit retirements reached 51 million in the first quarter of 2026. This is down from 55.3 million in the same period last year. The total market value also fell slightly to $290 million, compared to $309 million a year ago.
Despite this decline, prices did not weaken. The average price per credit increased to $5.69 from $5.60. This shows that buyers are willing to pay more for credits they trust.
Interestingly, a major reason for the drop in volumes was reduced activity from Shell. The company sharply cut its purchases. It retired just 494,000 credits in Q1 2026, compared to 6.7 million in Q1 2025 and 5.6 million in 2024. This single change had a large impact on the overall market.
Value Now Drives the Market
The carbon market now runs on a simple idea. Value matters more than volume. Buyers want credits that deliver real environmental impact. They prefer projects with clear data, strong verification, and proven results.
High-quality credits now define the market. These credits meet strict standards and often align with compliance systems. Because of this, they command higher prices and stronger demand.
This shift is also linked to the rise of compliance markets. Programs like CORSIA are increasing demand for reliable credits. As a result, voluntary buyers and compliance buyers now compete for the same supply.
Experts expect this trend to grow stronger. Compliance demand could surpass voluntary demand by 2027. This will increase pressure on supply and push premium credit prices higher.
The report highlighted that, investment-grade credits (BBB+) now command an average of $20.10 per credit in Q1 2026, up from $18.10 in Q1 2025, as shown in the image below:
Recap of 2025 Carbon Market
Compliance programs made up 24% of total retirements in 2025. According to Sylvera, this share is rising fast. It is expected to go beyond voluntary demand by 2027. This growth is mainly driven by CORSIA Phase 1 rules and the expansion of domestic carbon markets.
This means compliance demand is set to change the carbon market in a big way. Soon, both voluntary buyers and regulated systems will compete for the same high-quality credits. This is already making supply tighter and more competitive.
At the same time, international trading under Article 6 gained momentum. In 2025, around 20 new bilateral agreements were signed, and the first large-scale carbon credit trades took place. This shows that global carbon transfer systems are now becoming active in practice.
However, the system is also becoming more complex. One key factor is “corresponding adjustments,” which now decide whether a credit is fully acceptable in compliance markets. In addition, countries like China, Japan, Brazil, and Indonesia are building their own domestic carbon systems.
These systems are expected to create strong new demand, but they also add more rules and complexity to the market.
Supply Crunch Becomes the Key Challenge
However, Sylvera has flagged a different scenario for his year. Supply is now the biggest issue in the market. High-quality credits are becoming harder to find. Many credits exist, but not all meet strict requirements.
Furthermore, the main bottleneck is coming from approvals under Article 6. These rules govern international carbon trading. Delays in approvals mean many credits cannot yet enter the market. Now this creates a gap. Supply looks strong on paper, but usable supply remains limited. This shortage keeps prices firm and supports premium credits.
CORSIA Supply Expands, But Not Enough
There has been progress in aviation supply. Eligible credits under CORSIA reached 32.68 million. This is more than double last year’s level.
These credits come from major registries like Verra, Gold Standard, and ART TREES. However, supply still falls short in practice. Not all credits meet full compliance standards. This keeps the market tight and competitive.
Moving on, the question is what’s driving market growth.
Cookstoves Drive Market Growth
Cookstove projects are growing quickly. Their share increased from 17% in 2025 to 26% in Q1 2026. Africa leads this segment. Around 80% of the supply comes from the region. Most of these projects also meet compliance requirements under CORSIA.
Quality is improving in this category. Developers are moving away from older methods. They now use stronger, data-driven approaches. This shift improves trust and attracts more buyers.
Other projects:
- REDD+ Regains Trust: Forestry projects under REDD+ are making a comeback. Their share of retirements rose to 25% in Q1 2026. These projects faced heavy criticism in the past. However, new rules and better standards are restoring confidence. Updated methodologies have removed weaker credits. This has improved the overall quality of supply. Global policy clarity has also helped. Buyers now have more confidence in using REDD+ credits in compliance markets. This has supported demand.
- Waste management projects: They are growing in importance, and their share reached 10% of total retirements, the highest so far. Landfill methane projects are leading this growth. These projects are easier to measure and verify. They also meet compliance standards. Buyers are now exploring options beyond traditional sectors. Waste projects offer a reliable and practical solution.
New Credit Types Expand the Market
Several new project types are growing fast. They are adding fresh supply and attracting new buyers.
- Clean water projects have seen strong growth in recent years. They now produce millions of credits annually. Marine and mangrove projects are also gaining attention. They offer strong environmental benefits and long-term carbon storage.
- Industrial projects focused on nitrous oxide reduction are expanding as well. These projects are highly measurable and align well with compliance systems. At the same time, regenerative agriculture is growing at the fastest pace. It has moved from almost no activity to millions of credits in a short time.
These new categories are helping the market grow. However, quality remains the key factor that drives demand.
Buyers Shift Toward Better Credits: Regional Analysis
Buyer behavior is changing across regions. The United Kingdom is leading the move toward high-quality credits. Companies are under pressure to show real climate action. This has pushed them to choose better credits.
The United States and Canada are also improving. Buyers prefer projects that meet both voluntary and compliance standards. This supports demand for high-quality supply.
North America Sets the Benchmark
North America sets the benchmark for quality. A large share of its credits meets high rating standards. This strong quality supports higher prices. The average price reached $14.80, the highest globally. Strong domestic demand and strict standards drive this trend.
On the other hand, South America is seeing strong demand but limited new supply. This creates pressure in the market. Prices have slightly declined to $11.50. However, the quality mix is improving. Waste projects are helping fill the gap left by falling forestry supply.
- Europe remains the largest market by volume. However, the quality mix is still uneven. Some buyers continue to use lower-rated credits.
- Japan and South Korea focus on lower-cost options like hydropower. This keeps their share of high-quality credits low. In Latin America, buyers often choose local projects. Limited regulatory pressure keeps the quality demand weaker.
- Africa is moving toward better quality. High-rated supply is increasing, while low-rated supply is falling. As explained before, cookstove projects are the main driver. At the same time, lower-quality forestry projects are declining. This improves the region’s overall market position.
- Asia faces weaker market conditions. Supply has dropped sharply due to fewer renewable energy projects. The average price stands at $5.30, the lowest globally. Demand remains steady but lacks strong growth. This keeps prices under pressure.
Indonesia Stands Out in Asia
Indonesia is a bright spot in the region. Credit prices have risen strongly in the past year. High-quality peatland projects are driving this growth. International deals under Article 6 are also adding value. These factors attract buyers looking for reliable credit.
This shows how strong quality and supportive policies can boost market performance.
Final Take: Quality Defines the Future
The carbon market in 2026 is clear and focused. Quality now drives demand, pricing, and growth. Buyers are becoming more selective. They want credits that are verified, reliable, and compliant.
Supply remains tight, especially for high-quality credits. At the same time, compliance markets are growing. This increases competition and pushes prices higher.
The gap between high- and low-quality credits will continue to widen. In simple terms, the market is no longer about how many credits exist. It is about how good they are.
- READ MORE: Top Carbon Credit Companies to Watch in 2026
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Carbon Footprint
US and Australia Boost Critical Minerals Support with $3.5B Alliance, Challenging China’s Grip
Australia and the United States have launched a $3.5 billion critical minerals partnership, marking one of the largest bilateral efforts to secure materials essential for clean energy and electric vehicles (EVs).
The agreement focuses on strengthening supply chains for minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements. These materials are vital for batteries, solar panels, wind turbines, and other low-carbon technologies.
The deal comes as global demand for these minerals rises sharply. The International Energy Agency estimates that demand for critical minerals could quadruple by 2040 under net-zero scenarios. Lithium demand alone could grow more than 40 times by 2040, driven by EV adoption and battery storage.
Australia plays a central role in this supply chain. It currently produces about 55% of the world’s lithium, making it the largest global supplier. However, much of the processing still takes place overseas, creating supply risks for Western economies.
The new partnership aims to address this gap by boosting both extraction and domestic processing capacity.
Billions Back the Full Value Chain—from Mine to Market
The $3.5 billion investment will be deployed over seven years. The United States will give around $2.1 billion. This funding comes from the Defense Production Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Australia will provide $1.4 billion through national financing programs.
The funding is designed to support the full value chain, from mining to refining to advanced research. The main areas of investment include:
- $1.8 billion for new mining projects and infrastructure upgrades
- $1.2 billion for processing and refining facilities
- $500 million for research, innovation, and sustainable extraction technologies
A key goal is to reduce reliance on external processing markets and build more resilient supply chains. This includes expanding refining capacity for lithium and rare earth elements, which are often processed outside producing countries.
The partnership is also expected to create economic benefits. Government estimates say about 15,000 direct jobs will be created. Additionally, around 30,000 indirect jobs will come from supply chains and related industries.
Breaking China’s Grip on Mineral Processing
The agreement reflects growing concern over the concentration of mineral processing in China. Currently, China dominates key parts of the global supply chain.
According to the International Energy Agency:
- China handles about 60% of global lithium processing
- It controls more than 80% of rare earth refining
- It also leads in battery component manufacturing
This dominance creates risks for supply security, pricing, and geopolitical stability. Disruptions in one region can affect global clean energy deployment.
By investing in alternative supply chains, Australia and the United States aim to diversify production and reduce these risks. The partnership could also encourage other countries to develop their own critical minerals strategies.
In addition, the deal may help stabilize prices for key materials. Volatility in lithium and nickel markets has impacted EV production costs. It has also delayed some renewable energy projects in recent years.
Supporting Climate Goals and the Energy Transition
The partnership has direct implications for global climate efforts. Critical minerals are essential for scaling clean energy technologies. Without a reliable supply, the pace of decarbonization could slow.
Battery storage is a key example. Energy storage systems help manage the variability of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Expanding mineral supply will support the growth of these systems.
The IEA projects that global battery capacity must increase significantly to meet climate targets. Some estimates suggest energy storage capacity needs to grow more than sixfold by 2030 to stay on track for net-zero emissions.
The US-Australia alliance could help unlock this growth by ensuring stable access to raw materials. This, in turn, may reduce costs for batteries and renewable energy systems over time.
Both countries have also committed to improving environmental standards in mining. This includes reducing emissions, improving water management, and limiting land impacts. These measures are important because mining itself can be carbon-intensive.
Efforts to lower emissions in mineral extraction could also influence carbon accounting frameworks. As supply chains become more transparent, companies may need to track and report emissions linked to raw material sourcing.
ESG, Carbon Markets, and the New Mining Reality
The expansion of critical minerals supply chains is expected to influence carbon markets and ESG strategies.
As mining activity increases, so does the need to manage emissions. This could increase the need for carbon credits in the extractive sector. This is true for projects that cut or offset emissions from mining.
At the same time, improved supply chains for clean technologies may accelerate renewable energy deployment. This could support carbon reduction efforts across multiple sectors, including power generation and transportation.
The partnership may also lead to higher standards for responsible sourcing. Materials produced under strict environmental and social guidelines could command a premium in global markets.
This shift aligns with growing investor focus on ESG performance. Companies face growing pressure to show that their supply chains meet sustainability standards. This includes tracking emissions across Scope 1, 2, and 3 categories.
Over time, these trends could reshape how carbon credits are used. Companies may focus more on cutting emissions directly in their supply chains, rather than just using offsets.
Industry Scrambles to Secure the Next Wave of Supply
The announcement has received strong support from industry players. Major automakers and battery manufacturers are seeking secure and stable supplies of critical minerals. Companies like Tesla, Ford, and General Motors want to source materials from projects tied to the partnership.
Mining firms are also responding. Albemarle Corporation and Pilbara Minerals will likely gain from more investment and quicker project timelines.
Investor interest in the sector is rising as well. Global spending on energy transition minerals is growing rapidly, supported by both public and private capital.
The International Energy Agency reports that investment in critical minerals has increased sharply in recent years. This trend is expected to continue as countries compete to secure supply chains for clean energy technologies.
A Defining Shift in the Global Energy Economy
The $3.5 billion Australia–US critical minerals partnership represents a major step in reshaping global energy supply chains. It addresses a key bottleneck in the transition to a low-carbon economy: access to essential raw materials.
In the short term, the deal may help stabilize supply and reduce risks linked to market concentration. In the long term, it could accelerate the deployment of clean energy technologies and support global climate goals.
For carbon markets, the impact is indirect but important. More minerals can help speed up the use of renewables and energy storage. This, in turn, cuts emissions throughout the economy. At the same time, higher mining activity may drive demand for carbon credits and new emissions reduction strategies within the sector.
The success of the partnership will depend on execution. Expanding mining and processing capacity takes time, investment, and strong environmental oversight.
If these challenges are addressed, the alliance could serve as a model for future international cooperation on critical minerals. It also highlights how energy security, economic policy, and climate action are becoming increasingly connected.
Ultimately, as demand for clean energy continues to grow, securing sustainable and reliable mineral supply chains will remain a key priority for governments and industries worldwide.
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JPMorgan Chase has signed two major carbon removal agreements this month. The first one involves a purchase of 60,000 metric tons of durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) over ten years from climate startup Graphyte. The deal uses biomass-based technology that converts agricultural and timber waste into stable carbon blocks stored underground.
In parallel, JPMorgan has also secured 85,000 tons of forest-based carbon removal credits through improved forest management projects. These credits, marketed by Anew Climate, come from U.S. forest projects managed by Aurora Sustainable Lands.
They aim to extend harvest cycles, boost forest health, and enhance long-term carbon storage. The approach helps maintain higher carbon stocks in working forests while supporting biodiversity and sustainable timber production.
Taylor Wright, Head of Operational Sustainability at JPMorgan Chase, noted:
“We were excited to add credits from the Little Bear Forestry Project to our carbon removal portfolio. The dynamic baselining provides meaningful evidence that these credits meet a high threshold for quality, supporting our interests as both a buyer and as a steward of market integrity.”
Carbon Removal Still Small, But Growing Fast
The agreements are part of a broader push by the bank to expand its carbon removal portfolio. While the total volume is small compared to global emissions, the deals highlight a shift in corporate climate strategies.
Companies are now focusing more on durable carbon removal, not just emission reductions. JPMorgan’s mix of engineered and nature-based solutions also reflects a growing trend toward portfolio diversification in carbon removal sourcing.
Carbon removal remains a small but critical part of climate action. The United States emits about 5 billion tons of CO₂ per year, showing how limited current removal volumes still are.
However, long-term demand is expected to grow sharply. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that by 2100, the world might need to remove 100 to 1,000 gigatons of CO₂. By mid-century, annual removal should reach about 10 gigatons per year.
Today’s market is far from that scale. Most carbon removal deals are measured in thousands or hundreds of thousands of tons. But these early contracts are seen as critical. They help build supply, reduce costs, and attract investment into new technologies.
JPMorgan’s latest deals fit this pattern. Together, the 60,000-ton biomass contract and 85,000-ton forest-based agreement provide long-term demand signals across different removal pathways. This helps scale both emerging engineered solutions and more established nature-based approaches.
Turning Waste Into Permanent Carbon Storage
Graphyte’s process, known as “carbon casting,” uses natural carbon capture through plants. Biomass absorbs CO₂ through photosynthesis. The material is then dried, compressed, and sealed to prevent decomposition. This allows the carbon to remain stored for long periods.
The company uses waste materials such as crop residues and timber byproducts. This reduces the need for new land use and lowers overall costs. The process also uses relatively low energy compared to other removal methods.
Projects linked to the JPMorgan deal include facilities in Arkansas and Arizona. These projects also provide added benefits. For example, using forest thinning residues can help reduce wildfire risk and support land restoration.
This reflects a broader trend in carbon markets. Buyers are increasingly looking for projects that deliver both carbon removal and environmental co-benefits. The bank’s forest-based deal reinforces this trend by supporting improved forest management practices that enhance carbon storage while maintaining productive landscapes.
JPMorgan’s $1 Trillion Net Zero Strategy and Climate Finance Push
JPMorgan’s carbon removal investments are part of a wider climate strategy. The bank has committed to facilitating $1 trillion in climate and sustainable development financing by 2030. It has already deployed about $309 billion between 2021 and 2024 toward this goal.
In addition to financing, the bank is building a diversified carbon removal portfolio. Since 2023, it has signed deals to cut hundreds of thousands of tons of CO₂. This includes a plan for up to 800,000 tons of carbon removal through long-term contracts.
The company aims to match its unabated operational emissions with durable carbon removal by 2030.
JPMorgan is also investing in a range of technologies. These include direct air capture, bio-oil sequestration, biomass storage, and forest-based removal. Its latest forest deal shows a continued commitment to high-quality, nature-based removals that meet stricter standards for durability and verification.
This diversified approach helps reduce risk while supporting different pathways to scale. Compared to many financial institutions, JPMorgan remains an early mover. Most large buyers in carbon removal are still technology companies, particularly Microsoft.
Microsoft Pullback Shakes Market Confidence
However, Microsoft, the largest buyer of carbon removal credits, has reportedly paused new purchases.
The tech giant has played a dominant role in the market. It accounts for up to 90% of global carbon removal purchases and has contracted more than 45 million tons of CO₂ removal to date. In 2025 alone, the company signed agreements for 45 million tons, doubling its 2024 volume and far exceeding any other buyer.
However, reports suggest the company may be adjusting the pace of new deals. This shift does not mean the end of carbon removal demand, but it signals a transition.
The market can no longer rely on a single dominant buyer. In this context, JPMorgan’s continued activity—across both engineered and nature-based deals—shows how new buyers are stepping in to support market stability.
Market Trends: From Cheap Offsets to High-Durability Carbon Credits
The carbon market is evolving quickly. Traditional carbon credits often focus on avoiding emissions, such as protecting forests. However, there is growing demand for removal-based credits that physically take CO₂ out of the atmosphere.
Corporate net-zero goals drive this shift. Many companies now face limits on how much they can reduce emissions directly. Carbon removal is becoming necessary to address remaining emissions.
At the same time, supply remains limited. High-quality removal credits are scarce. This keeps carbon prices high, especially for engineered solutions.
Early buyers like JPMorgan are helping shape the market. Long-term contracts provide price signals and encourage project development. They also help define standards for quality and verification.
Another key trend is the focus on durability. Buyers prefer solutions that store carbon for decades or centuries, rather than short-term offsets.
Early-Stage Market, High-Stakes Growth
Despite growing momentum, carbon removal is still in its early stages. Current volumes are small compared to global needs. Policy support is also limited in many regions.
However, corporate demand is rising. Deals like JPMorgan’s show how private sector investment is driving the market forward.
The combination of long-term contracts, new technologies, and climate finance is expected to accelerate growth. Over time, this could help bring down costs and expand supply.
For now, the focus remains on building scale. Each new agreement adds to a growing pipeline of projects. These projects will play a key role in meeting long-term climate targets.
JPMorgan’s latest purchases may be modest in size. But together, they reflect a larger shift. Carbon removal is moving from early experimentation to a more structured and investable market, supported by a broader mix of buyers and solutions.
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Greenhouse Gases8 months ago
Guest post: Why China is still building new coal – and when it might stop
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Greenhouse Gases2 years ago嘉宾来稿：满足中国增长的用电需求 光伏加储能“比新建煤电更实惠”
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Climate Change2 years ago
Bill Discounting Climate Change in Florida’s Energy Policy Awaits DeSantis’ Approval
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Climate Change2 years ago嘉宾来稿：满足中国增长的用电需求 光伏加储能“比新建煤电更实惠”
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Climate Change Videos2 years ago
The toxic gas flares fuelling Nigeria’s climate change – BBC News
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Renewable Energy6 months agoSending Progressive Philanthropist George Soros to Prison?
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Carbon Footprint2 years agoUS SEC’s Climate Disclosure Rules Spur Renewed Interest in Carbon Credits