Like with so many products, staring at the shelf of chocolate chips and baking bars can be overwhelming. What are the “right” labels to pay attention to: “Certified Compostable,” “Direct Trade” or “Fair Trade?” Does higher price mean better wages for the workers that produced it? Cacao is produced in humid regions near the equator — mainly Central and South America and West Africa. So unless you live in this region, the cocoa beans used to make your chocolate need to travel long distances. When choosing between different brands of chocolate, here’s what to pay attention to.
Why Does It Matter?

Chocolate is a $128 billion dollar industry, and the average American consumes about 12 pounds of chocolate every year. However, chocolate production is tied to both labor and human rights violations, as well as environmentally destructive practices. With such a huge market for chocolate products, choosing ethical and sustainably produced options can make a difference.
Labor issues — particularly child labor — are widespread in the cocoa industry. Forced labor for low wages and dangerous working conditions are commonplace. About 70% of the world’s cocoa comes from Ghana and the Ivory Coast (or Côte d’Ivoire), where over 2 million children are known to work illegally on cocoa plantations. Hershey, Mars and Nestlé — some of the best-known chocolate brands in the world — cannot guarantee that they produce their chocolate without child labor, and have consistently missed deadlines they’ve established to eradicate such labor from their supply chains.
Cocoa bean production has long been associated with deforestation and water use. Like lots of agricultural industries, cocoa production often entails cutting down forests for farmland. Ghana and the Ivory Coast in western Africa produce most of the world’s cocoa, and have lost the majority of their forest cover in the past 60 years, approximately a third of which is attributed directly to cocoa plantations. According to the National Wildlife Federation, tropical trees are being lost quickly in the places where cocoa is grown due to deforestation, which is directly linked to the loss of worldwide migratory songbird populations. Additionally, 21 liters of water are needed to produce one small chocolate bar.
The Problem With Labels

You might recognize some of those stamps on chocolate products, some of which are on other groceries like coffee, sugar or tea. These stamps — like Fairtrade Certified, Fair for Life, and Rainforest Alliance Certified Cocoa — indicate that the products have been certified and endorsed by specific organizations. Different organizations focus on different things when granting their certifications. Fairtrade, for example, focuses on poverty alleviation and labor standards, and UTZ and Rainforest Alliance focus largely on environmental protection.
“Fair trade” labels, however, aren’t a guarantee. Fairtrade International and Rainforest Alliance/UTZ Certifiers are among the most well-known certifications that consider labor practices, but they are only required to visit 10% of cocoa farms when determining whether a product is fit for their label. Sierra Magazine reports that Tony’s Chocolonely — a popular chocolate brand that is Fairtrade Certified — also states that their chocolate is “100% free from exploitation,” but admittedly found 1,700 cases of child labor in the production of their products.
So, while these labels might provide a good place to start when choosing chocolate products, they aren’t necessarily a guarantee of their practices and ethics.
So, What Can Be Done?
Pay Attention to Packaging
The packaging of food products is often plastic, which either sits in landfills after disposal, or makes its way into oceans where it breaks down into microplastics. Some companies boast of their “compostable” packaging made of bioplastics. Because these often require special industrial composting facilities to be processed, bioplastics are sometimes sent to landfills anyway. In fact, these compostable products might even cause further environmental damage, as anything organic in landfills emits methane during its slow decomposition.

Choose products with minimal or paper packaging, especially those made out of recycled materials or that can be recycled. Some paper wrappers are compostable at home; just make sure to read the labels and confirm before purchasing. Ordering online also entails extra packaging and extra shipping processes that emit fossil fuels, so in-person purchasing is best.
Avoid Palm Oil
A lot of chocolate producers use palm oil in their products to improve texture and appearance. Unlike other oils, palm oil is solid when at room temperature, which makes it advantageous in chocolate. Deforestation and clear-cutting are commonplace in the formation of palm oil plantations. These processes remove important carbon sinks, and devastate landscapes and the species that live there, like Orangutans, pygmy elephants and Sumatran rhinos. Check the ingredients on chocolate products and choose those without palm oil.
Choose Organic

Chocolate bars from the Dagoba and Endangered Species brands. Tanke Çelik / Flickr
While not a perfect standard, the USDA organic label is pretty stringent, and relates to the growing process of products. Organic cocoa beans are “shade grown,” which creates habitats for birds and contributes to a healthier, more diverse ecosystem. They’re also grown without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, making them a more sustainable choice than conventional chocolate products.
Choose Brands That Have Been Vetted by Third Parties

Instead of only following certifications on chocolate products, choose those that are recommended by other environmental and human rights groups. Food Empowerment Project has a recommendations list of hundreds of brands that they confidently recommend, those with mixed results, and many that they do not recommend, even if they are stamped with certifications. They also have an app for referencing on the go. Other lists by Slave Free Chocolate, The Good Shopping Guide, Green America and Chocolate Scorecard also provide a good starting point.

Divine brand chocolate bars. Brett Jordan / CC BY 2.0
Regarding specific brands, the National Wildlife Federation recommends Endangered Species Chocolate, Equal Exchange and Divine Chocolate. The Sierra Club recommends The Good Chocolate’s (TGC) large bars, which are organic and contain no palm oil or plastic, and can be shipped without excess packaging, as well as Sjaaks and Equal Exchange’s Organic Dark Chocolate Minis. Remember too that higher prices don’t necessarily mean better practices or wages for the farmers who produce it.
Research a Company Yourself
Look at the FAQs for a company, and see if they mention how their chocolate is sourced — or contact them directly with your questions. See if they have sustainability goals, or an impact report that you can reference.
Another good tactic is to look into whether vendors have direct relationships with their farmers, and know exactly where their ingredients come from. This is sometimes called a “bean-to-bar” product, or you might see a package stamped with the term “direct trade,” which isn’t a certification, but simply means that the producer of the beans has a relationship with the buyer, and the ingredients within the chocolate are traceable. Beyond Good is one such company, which makes single-origin chocolate bars with cocoa produced in Madagascar.
The post How to Choose Chocolate That’s Truly Sustainable appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/sustainable-chocolate-ecowatch.html
Green Living
Earth911 Inspiration: Love of Nature Transcends
This week’s quote is from Jimmy Carter, the 39th president of the U.S., philanthropist, and environmental advocate: “Like music and art, love of nature is a common language that can transcend political or social boundaries.”
Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.
This poster was originally published on February 7, 2020.
The post Earth911 Inspiration: Love of Nature Transcends appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/inspire/earth911-inspiration-love-of-nature-transcends-jimmy-carter/
Green Living
Outdoor Projects You Can DIY for Almost Nothing
It always strikes us as amusing how many DIY projects you see online that seem to require more time and more money than it would take to simply buy the thing they’re trying to DIY in the first place. Are we missing the point?
We think that doing things ourselves and taking back the power to create instead of simply consuming is absolutely vital to the green movement. But if you don’t already have the materials and spend a lot of money purchasing craft supplies, does it really make sense to DIY?
These eight projects are true do-it-yourself masterpieces. One-of-a-kind outdoor projects you can make for almost nothing, with supplies you most likely already have or can easily pick up second hand for a song. Roll up your sleeves and let’s get started!
1. Teapot/Teacup Bird Feeder

Do you have one of Grandma’s old tea sets lying around that doesn’t quite fit into the sleek modern aesthetic you’ve been cultivating? Put it to great use by feeding the birds in your area — in style.
Thrift stores are always awash in old china, so if you don’t already have the old tea set, consider going wild and spending a few bucks for this DIY delight. You’ll find blogger Dinah Wulf’s instructions for the teacup bird feeder at DIY Inspired.
Safety note: Use sturdy twine or cord — not chain — to hang the feeder. Birds can catch their toes in chain links, which causes serious injury. The National Audubon Society also recommends cleaning seed feeders every two weeks (more often in hot, humid weather) by scrubbing with soap and water and soaking in a 50-50 vinegar-water solution to prevent the spread of avian disease.
2. Gardening Tool Storage

What on earth do you do with those rusty-as-heck, old-school garden rakes hanging around your garage? Well, if you’re any sort of DIY genius, you press them into service as a gardening tool holder.
The original inspiration for this project came from Beth Logan at Artstuff Ltd., whose blog has since gone offline. For a current walkthrough, see the Repurposed Rake Tool Rack tutorial at DIY n Crafts (project #14 in their roundup of 25 ways to reuse old garden tools). The concept is embarrassingly simple — remove the rake handle, mount the head tines-out on a fence or garage wall, and use the tines themselves as hooks for trowels, gloves, and pruners — but eye-catching enough to make you look like a DIY pro.
3. Bottle Tree

Do you like wine? No, I mean do you really like wine? Do you want a reason to drink more of it? And does your garden need a cute border? This sustainable, upcycled garden border may be just the project for you. You might have to expand your drinking list to include bottles of various shapes, sizes, and colors — but variety is the spice of life.
When friends ask how you managed to collect so many bottles, just laugh gaily and then distract them with your dainty teacup bird feeder. The bottle tree tradition itself runs deep — Mississippi garden writer Felder Rushing traces the practice back through African American Southern folk art and, by his own research, as far as ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. See his bottle tree gallery and history for inspiration, or jump straight to his how-to guide for building one out of a cedar snag, rebar, or just about anything else.
4. Colorful Outdoor “Tiles”

If your backyard isn’t perfectly landscaped and manicured, with an impeccably tiled “outdoor living space,” don’t despair. You can use up all those half-empty paint cans and create a Pinterest-worthy colorful backdrop for evenings spent clustered around a fire or barbecue.
Pop a few coats of paint on cement tiles and you have a one-of-a-kind flooring solution. If you rent, the same effect could be achieved on a more temporary basis by letting the kids go wild with sidewalk chalk and create a mosaic masterpiece. Check out Elsie’s Painted Patio Tiles at A Beautiful Mess for the back story on this DIY idea. (Heads up: the original author noted she had to touch up the paint each spring in Missouri winters — a porch and patio floor enamel will hold up better than wall paint.)
5. Home Sweet Gnome

Okay, this one might be the least practical idea of the bunch, but that may be why I love it oh so much. If you have a stump in your backyard and you’re not willing or able to pay the truly insane amount it costs to have it ground down and removed, how about making it into a little gnome home? This is the perfect outdoor project if you have small children in your life.
Construct the trappings of a little house — door, windows, winding garden path — from found objects or natural materials, and affix them to the stump. Bonus points if you don’t tell the kids about this particular DIY project and allow them to simply stumble upon it one day in the garden. My mind would have been blown if I had come across one of these as a seven-year-old. For a step-by-step build, see this Gnome Tree Stump Home tutorial on Instructables.
Safety note: Don’t use an angle grinder to gouge windows or doors into a stump. Use a chisel and mallet for shallow detail work, or attach decorative pieces (driftwood, bark, polymer clay) to the outside instead.
6. Mosaic Stepping Stones from Broken China

Every household eventually accumulates a small graveyard of chipped mugs, a single survivor from a four-piece dinner set, or a beloved teapot with a hairline crack. Rather than tossing them — broken ceramics generally aren’t accepted in curbside recycling — embed them in concrete stepping stones for a garden path that’s genuinely one of a kind.
This pairs beautifully with the teacup project above: any teacups that don’t make it past Project #1 (you will break a few) can come back as paving. The DIY mosaic stepping stones tutorial at Gardening.org walks through the full process — breaking ceramics safely inside a drop cloth, sizing pieces to half-inch to one-inch fragments, pressing them into wet concrete, and sealing the surface so sharp edges don’t cause injury underfoot. Basic mold options include an old cake pan, a plastic plant saucer, or a purpose-built stepping stone form from a craft store.
Safety note: Wear safety glasses and heavy gloves when breaking ceramics. Once cured, run a finger over the surface to check for protruding edges and file or sand any down before placing the stone where bare feet might land.
7. Vertical Pallet Herb Garden
Shipping pallets are one of the world’s most abundant near-free materials. Small businesses, garden centers, and feed stores often have stacks of them out back, and asking politely beats the alternative of seeing them landfilled. Mounted vertically against a sunny wall or fence, a pallet becomes a stacked planter that holds enough herbs to keep a kitchen in basil, thyme, parsley, and chives all season.
Grit Magazine published a clear how-to for a vertical pallet planter — line the back and sides with landscape fabric or heavy plastic to hold soil, fill through the slats, and plant each gap as its own row. The gaps act as natural divisions, so different herbs don’t fight for the same root space.
Safety note: Use only heat-treated pallets for anything edible. Look for the IPPC stamp with the letters HT (heat treated) and avoid any stamped MB (methyl bromide — a fumigant restricted under the Montreal Protocol). Unstamped pallets are unknowns; skip them for food crops. The same heat-treated pallets are fine for ornamental flowers either way.
8. Punched Tin Can Lanterns
Steel food cans — soup, tomato, coffee — are one of the most recyclable materials on Earth, but the recycling-then-buying-something-decorative loop has plenty of slack in it. With nothing more than a hammer, a few nails of varying sizes, and the freezer, an empty can becomes an outdoor lantern that throws constellation patterns across a patio at dusk.
HGTV’s tin can lantern tutorial covers the trick that makes this project work: fill the can with water and freeze it solid before punching, so the ice supports the can wall and prevents denting. Sketch your pattern on paper, tape it to the frozen can, punch through with a nail at each marked dot, and let the ice thaw. Drop in a battery tealight (much safer outdoors than a real flame) and group them along a walkway or down the center of an outdoor table.
The Point of All This
None of these projects requires you to buy more than a tube of waterproof adhesive, a bag of concrete, or maybe a stepping stone mold. The materials — chipped china, leftover wine bottles, empty cans, a forgotten pallet, an old rake — are already in your house or someone else’s. That’s the point. The greenest project is the one that uses what already exists, and the best part is that yours will look like nobody else’s.
Editor’s Note: This article, originally authored by Madeleine Somerville on June 17, 2015, was updated with corrected links and new ideas in May 2026.
The post Outdoor Projects You Can DIY for Almost Nothing appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/diy/outdoor-projects-you-can-diy-for-almost-nothing/
Green Living
Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Nadina Galle on The Nature of Our Cities
More than half the world’s population—4.4 billion people—live in cities today. That number is expected to rise to 80% by 2050. Our guest, Nadina Galle, is a trailblazing ecological engineer and author of The Nature of Our Cities. She is an ecological engineer who studies the intersection of nature and technology in urban environments. Nadina developed the concept of an Internet of Nature (IoN) that uses tools like artificial intelligence, automation, and sensors to support and enhance ecosystems within cities. Nadina’s book offers a transformative perspective on how urban spaces can be reimagined in the face of climate change and sprawling development. She shares the inspiring story of the Groene Loper project in Maastricht, Netherlands, where soil sensors were deployed to monitor tree health. The results were remarkable, with trees supported by this technology growing up to three times larger than those without it. This is a powerful example of how technology can not only protect trees but also transform urban spaces into healthier, greener environments.

From fire and the wheel to the reinforced concrete frames that define modern buildings, we are surrounded by technology. We tend to forget that technology emerged in response to nature — too often, we treated nature as the enemy, the chaos to be contained instead of recognizing that nature’s cycles and changes are the harmony we need to join to sustain society. The loss of any semblance of natural patterns, which ultimately leads to the depletion of the resources necessary for life, has inevitably led to the collapse of previous major civilizations. Modern society has more runway than previous societies because we have created a global economy, but that risks an even greater fall for our species when the ecological underpinnings of our prosperity collapse. The Nature of Our Cities, is a powerful, straightforward, and emotionally resonant book to help you think through your role and choices in the restoration of nature. You can find it on Amazon or Powell’s Books.
- Subscribe to Sustainability in Your Ear on iTunes and Apple Podcasts.
- Follow Sustainability in Your Ear on Spreaker, iHeartRadio, or YouTube.
Editor’s Note: This episode originally aired in December 2024.
The post Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Nadina Galle on The Nature of Our Cities appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/podcast/earth911-podcast-nadina-galle-on-the-nature-of-our-cities/
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