Weather Guard Lightning Tech

FabricAir’s Innovative System Proactively Prevents Costly Turbine Icing
Allen Hall and Joel Saxum had a great conversation with Daniela Roeper of FabricAir, formerly Borealis Wind, regarding their innovative wind turbine blade heating system to mitigate icing. They discuss the system’s impressive new capabilities, including advanced controls, analytics, and an efficient service model, now enabled further through the strategic Borealis acquisition, to provide exceptional value for wind farm owners. Roeper shares insightful perspectives on overlooked icing costs and explains how this optimized technology can boost production at icy sites. With FabricAir’s substantial resources supporting ongoing enhancements, the future shines bright for effectively tackling troublesome turbine icing.
Learn more and reach out! https://www.fabricair.com/ice-protection-systems/
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Allen Hall: We’re at CanREA the Electricity Transformation Canada 2023 event, and because it’s so icy, we decided to grab Daniela Roeper, who was formerly with Borealis Wind, who is now VP at FabricAir. So we have a lot to discuss, icing wise, on turbine blades. It must be a huge discussion point this week because it is terrible outside.
Joel Saxum: Yeah, there’s a half inch of ice on every bar.
Allen Hall: Oh yeah, everywhere.
Daniela Roeper: Couldn’t ask for better marketing.
Allen Hall: No, this is great.
Joel Saxum: And the fantastic marketing that you guys did with the ice scrappers at the booth.
Allen Hall: Oh, yep. Spot. Perfect timing. Spot on. Yeah. I gotta grab one of those before we leave. Yeah.
Daniela Roeper: Free ice protection systems for your vehicle.
Joel Saxum: The base model.
Allen Hall: Yeah. So lot’s happened since we have spoken to Borealis and you, which just realized ’cause you reminded me.
We, we talked in Copenhagen, which was earlier this year. But a lot has happened since then, so maybe you could give us a timeline of what you’ve been through over the last couple of months.
Daniela Roeper: So we spoke at the end of April, and in June we closed a deal with Fabricare to become part of the FabricAir group.
FabricAir is an HVAC company, they’ve been around for 50 years. They produce fabric ducting, which is used in many different industries. And they’ve been our fabric duct supplier since we started the company. And there was a very good strategic fit. So as of June 1st, we are officially part of the FabricAir group, and Borealis Wind is the product line in FabricAir.
Otherwise, the system itself hasn’t changed, so that stays the same, and we have some exciting developments with our business model that I want to share, but I don’t know if I should do that yet.
Allen Hall: Let’s work our way up to that. FabricAir, if you don’t realize makes all the ducting for all the air conditioning and heating systems in a lot of factories and buildings around the world.
In terms of your product, though, it’s like a toughened, almost like a fire hose consistency of material. Is it Kevlar? What is this magic fabric that you stick in blades?
Daniela Roeper: We are using Cordura fabric.
Allen Hall: Okay.
Daniela Roeper: Which is a fabric you may have heard of. It’s advertised on work pants, backpacks, military gear.
Allen Hall: Yeah, it’s really tough stuff. Exactly. Okay. That makes a lot of sense then. Alright, so FabricAir is based in Denmark, right? But they have a lot of facilities all over the world. They’re a big company.
Daniela Roeper: Yes. They have offices worldwide, I believe in 16 countries.
Joel Saxum: Oh, wow. I didn’t know that.
Daniela Roeper: Yeah, and they have a manufacturing office in Lithuania, and they’ve also just opened one in Mexico.
Joel Saxum: Okay. So will you guys get to take advantage of that in the future?
Daniela Roeper: Our plan is to keep the manufacturing in Canada as we have it now. As we grow, there may be an opportunity where it makes sense to outsource some of that.
But we’ll look at that down the road.
Joel Saxum: Will you also keep your basically the Borealis Wind team has stayed the same.
Daniela Roeper: Yep.
Joel Saxum: And you guys are all still in Canada. Nobody’s being forced to move to Denmark or anything like that.
Daniela Roeper: No, we’re all still in Canada, all still in our office. The team’s the same, product’s the same.
So in a lot of ways, Borealis Wind still is. We’re still offering the same service and product that we were before, but now with significantly more resources behind it.
Allen Hall: That move to FabricAir and being a larger organization then opens up your envelope a little bit in terms of the type of icing events you could possibly cover, right?
Because part of the issue with the system originally was it’s a little expensive. And that drove you to be in a limit icing condition when you spoke at Winter Wind in Sweden.
Was that was this year also, right?
Daniela Roeper: That was, yeah.
Allen Hall: Oh my God. Okay. Okay. So I’ve been a lot of places this year.
So in Winter Wind the presentation was really interesting and you had a lot of advocates for the system there. I was sitting next to a person who had used that system and couldn’t believe how great it was. But it was a really severe icing. The pictures I saw was like massive amounts of ice on turbines.
The sweet point is to broaden that market space, right? To try to get down to the Texas freeze situation. Does FabricAir now allow you to do, expand that envelope a little bit.
Daniela Roeper: Yes, and I have so much to say, so give me a minute because I’m excited about this. The misconception has always been that you need really severe icing to make a blade heating system or ice protection system make sense.
And our goal has been to break that misconception that you can have a blade heating system at a moderately iced site. And that has been our target, so we’ve been working in the class 3, 4, 5 icing severities. Whereas previously it’s like class five sites that were considered to need blade heating systems, right?
And our goal now with this is to access that class two market, which is by far the largest market for icing.
Allen Hall: Sure. Yeah, and the reason you can do that is what drives that opening of to get down to class two.
Daniela Roeper: So with these additional resources that we have access to and with FabricAir’s 50 years of history in HVAC.
We have a little bit more buying power than we did before and our focus is on reducing the cost of the system through scale and through standardization of components. And also we are pivoting to a system as a service model.
Allen Hall: Okay.
Daniela Roeper: So our customers will pay an annual fee for the system and we will be responsible for the installation of the equipment, maintenance, monitoring, everything.
Joel Saxum: That’s fantastic.
Daniela Roeper: And they will have a, a positive ROI every year. So they would have icing recoveries that would be greater than the price they’re paying for the system. And we guarantee the availability of the system as well. So we guarantee the system will be 95 percent available during the winter.
Joel Saxum: Wow. Huge. In any industry, in wind industry specifically, we see this all the time. It’s hard for asset owners, or asset managers to want to adopt a new technology. Because they’re taking a risk, right? We talk about it all the time with the StrikeTape product. We’re constantly doing trials.
We’re always having to prove the products. Nobody really wants to take a risk on something new. And while your product makes absolute sense pragmatically, it is a capital risk for all these people. And what you guys are doing with that commercial model is taking the risk on basically yourself and making it simple for them to adopt it.
And I, I think that’s a novel approach. It’s a fantastic idea.
Daniela Roeper: Well said.. Thank you. You should be pitching this.
Joel Saxum: I can. For sale all the time.
Allen Hall: You’re a SaaS model now, so if anybody is familiar with all the Silicon Valley talk, right? A SaaS is a very popular model to fund widely accepted concepts, right?
You pick a SaaS model not because you’re going to sell ten of these things. You pick a SaaS model because you’re going to sell thousands of these. And that changes sort of the market dynamics on icing. Because the noise before, the complaint before, was this, Oh, it’s so expensive, I don’t want to do it, right?
That’s the ERCOT.
Joel Saxum: It’s the capital of the upfront.
Allen Hall: It’s upfront capital, right? The upfront capital would stop people from even discussing it. But you’ve taken that away, opening the door to many more organizations and operators to take advantage of this.
Joel Saxum: Yeah, and many more budget sectors within those organizations. OPEX money instead of just CapEx money.
Allen Hall: If you’re opening up OPEX money, I’m imagining how this goes. In the mechanical side of wind turbines, gearbox replacement, blade repair, all those, everybody pays up front. Everything’s up front. Or maybe there’s a little bit of leeway. To come in with a mechanical system, with a SAS model, is unique in wind, as far as I know.
Not even the drone operators offer anything really like that too much. It tends to be, pay for service as it’s delivered. You’re setting the industry on its head a little bit. How is that going? This is probably, is this the first big conference you’ve been at since that announcement?
Daniela Roeper: It’s the first big conference, yes.
Allen Hall: So what’s the feedback so far?
Daniela Roeper: It has been good. Okay. And I have seriously questioned our customers because I think the perspective can be, oh, they’re just trying to make more money off of this by making it a SaaS model. And that is not the intention with this. We want to take the risk away from our customers. So we want to take full responsibility for the system.
We want to guarantee that it’s going to be functional all winter. We want to make sure they’re making their returns. We’re going to take the risk of the ROI on the hardware on us. Yeah.
Allen Hall: So what do you have to lose? I guess I’m working on it on the operator’s side. You come in, you install the system.
I don’t write you a check until it’s installed, I assume. And then I send you a check for the year.
Daniela Roeper: Exactly. So we’re basically trying to put money in people’s pockets.
Allen Hall: And they don’t, yeah, if you’re trying to give me money, I think the rule is to take it.
Joel Saxum: Yeah, the business case is easy to quantify, right?
You go to operator XYZ and say, How much downtime did you have last year? Your PPA price is this is how much you lost. We’re going to give it to you for this, and we’re going to maintain it ourselves. Okay, it seems pretty simple to me. The business case doesn’t take that long, I can scratch it on a napkin.
Daniela Roeper: Yeah, that’s the goal, that’s the goal. Okay. But I’m, this is our first big conference presenting this concept. So, we have good feedback so far.
Allen Hall: Yeah. It’s new to industry, I think, at least in North America for the most part, which I think drives a really good discussion because your entry into that space could have been better timing in terms of ERCOT, right?
So Texas is trying to propose regulations that keep wind turbines up and running, right? That’s one of, and so there’s been a lot of pushback in the industry to say, the operators to say everything’s so expensive. You’re just taking that argument away from and say, no, it’s not. It’s not expensive. In fact, it’s going to save you money over the long run, or even in the short run.
You’re going to be making money off the system every year.
Joel Saxum: What it sounds like to me, and this is an overreaching statement maybe, but, the FacAirare acquisition of Borealis Wind. You guys right now in building this new commercial model, having these resources behind you, it’s like you’re pulling the bow back right now.
January 1st when winter hits, you guys are ready to let it fly. And grow and grow. That’s fantastic for you.
Allen Hall: Let’s get down to the nitty gritty. If I’m interested in installing this system, What is the lead time? Now with Fabric Air, I assume there’s obviously a lot more power there and faster churn.
A month to be installed? What’s the flow look like? I call you and say, Daniela sold me. Let’s go.
Daniela Roeper: It depends on the quantity, too. And it depends on the time of year. I would say it’s about a three month lead time. Okay. And we typically don’t install in January, February. But that could be different if it’s in Texas.
It may not be an issue to install in January, February.
Joel Saxum: That’s what you want.
Allen Hall: So if it’s a three month lead time, that’s above industry standards right now. Lead times are six months to a year for a lot of components. If you can get them, to turn on an anti ice system in a couple weeks really is amazing.
Joel Saxum: Yeah, so if you’re listening to this and you want to have an anti ice system, you need to call now.
Daniela Roeper: You need to call now if you want it before Christmas. Yeah.
Allen Hall: So is there anything new on the product side in terms of development or what’s the next generation look like? Maybe we should ask that question. Is the next generation coming? Because it must be coming.
Daniela Roeper: It is coming and it is lighter than ever before. It has fewer metal components. It is We’ve optimized the heating controls and we’ve upgraded our heater to maximize the power output and I don’t want to give too much away, so I’m trying to give you information without being too vague.
But and we’ve, over the past few months, we’ve been building a really comprehensive dashboard of the system that the site managers can have access to as well, but right now we’re using it to monitor the systems. Okay. And the customers can have access to it as well if they’re interested in it.
Allen Hall: So there’s a cloud component to this?
Daniela Roeper: Yes.
Allen Hall: So what does that cloud component look like? If I’m an operator and I do want to see this, what am I looking at?
Daniela Roeper: So At the moment, our customers have access to a user interface that shows them all of the data from their site. What we’ve been building is we’ve been collecting all the data, putting it on the cloud and putting it into a data visualization platform.
Sure. That allows you to go through the data on a much more detailed scale than you’re able to in our user interface right now. So if you want to look on a, like on a top level. What’s the system performance overall? You can see that or you can drill down and you can see down to each sensor output What’s happening with the system?
Allen Hall: Oh, wow. Yeah. Okay, so it’s even like a debug feature if you’re an operators to see how it’s going on Okay, so that’s very useful for you to if there is an issue You know immediately where to go into it.
Daniela Roeper: And for our search. Yeah for our service offerings. Our goal so really what we want to do is kill this idea that blade heating systems are only for severely ice sites, right?
Yeah, and that’s why the functionality, like the availability of the system the efficiency of the system is so important and that’s why that data analytics and that monitoring of the systems is also so important.
Allen Hall: Wow. Okay. So at the end of the day this cloud based system, it’s, is it going to give you a sense of how much power you’re producing versus what you would have produced?
Daniela Roeper: Yes.
Allen Hall: Was that one of the options that’s going to be on this thing, I hope?
Daniela Roeper: Yes, that will be. And that is something we’re monitoring now. Right now it’s We work with IceTek and they do the analysis of the performance as a third, separate third party. And we provide that to our customers, but we do want to build that into the cloud version as well. So you can see that live and see the performance.
Joel Saxum: Oh, sure. Yeah, it’s a good sales tool.
Allen Hall: Oh, yeah. It’s a fantastic sales tool. So let’s talk IceTek for a minute because we’re going to have IceTek on the podcast, hopefully. IceTek is your ice detector manufacturer system. It’s unique because it’s specialized to you a little bit.
Because you’re using advanced techniques to detect when ice is about to occur, not after the fact, like when ice is occurring, that’s easy, right? It’s the pre buildup to ice, it’s likely to occur, that gives you the advantage in terms of de icing the blade, preventing icing but also lowering the amount of power the system uses.
Do you want to just get into that a little bit? Because it’s a complicated thing, when it was first described to me, I was like, okay, I get it. I think the main point is you’re actually using less power to heat the blade.
Joel Saxum: Yes. From my side on the operational thing with blades, I’m looking at it like this.
If you know exactly when to turn that on so you don’t actually build up ice, because built up ice is fatigue. It’s fatigue. Ice throws are dangerous for people around, but they’re really dangerous for your blades. I’ve seen a lot of insurance cases where you throw off a hunk of ice the size of a truck hood into the air, and then the next blade comes around and hits it.
So you’re, with IceTek, working in cohesion with your unit. You won’t have ice throes anymore because it’ll be turning on right at the right time.
Daniela Roeper: Okay, sorry, now I just have to talk about that because you got me on a topic. There are so many costs associated with icing that people don’t realize. And not only those safety incidents techs refusing to work, downtime because your techs aren’t able to access the turbine, damage, all that stuff, those are costs that people don’t look at.
But as we’ve seen with IceTek, and they can talk about this more than I can, They’re seeing that customers are underestimating their icing performance loss by 40 to 50 percent. Because icing is very hard to identify. If you’re just looking at status codes, you’re just looking at the times when the turbine knows it has ice on it.
But there are a lot of other status codes that are caused by icing, but they don’t come up as an icing status code, like a pitch error or tower vibration or something like that.
Allen Hall: Okay. Which is wear and tear.
Daniela Roeper: You should ask them about that and listeners should tune in for that podcast as well to hear from them.
So I’ll tell you about their sensor. I talked about it last time and I got a little bit of flack from them that I, it wasn’t the best scientific description. So you should ask them for that. But they’re measuring liquid water content, which is directly correlated to ice buildup on blades. And so as soon as they’re measuring conditions, liquid water content that would form ice on the blade that tells us to trigger our system.
So at that point, the blades are still free of ice. We get a head start. We can heat up the blades. Prevent as much of that ice formation as possible. And that also tells us when we are outside of what we call our operational envelope. So if it’s extremely severe, say it’s minus 20 degrees Celsius, 15 meter per second wind, we would need much more power to keep the blades heated than we, than financially makes sense to do.
So in that case, it’s better for us to wait until conditions warm up a little bit, turn the heating system on two hours or four hours later, and then remove the ice. So that allows us to optimize how much consumption we have. On another note, I’ve also heard the misconception that blade heating systems use so much energy, they don’t make sense.
It’s also not true. So we use about 4% of the energy that’s recovered by our system. We use 4% of that to keep the blades.
Joel Saxum: That’s a pretty good ROI too. Yeah.
Allen Hall: And the reason you were able to do that is how?
Daniela Roeper: So our system is only so say for a two or three megawatt turbine. We’re drawing a hundred kilowatts.
Okay, so if the turbine can operate and in the winter capacity factors are typically higher. But say that if the turbine can operate at 60 percent of its 3 megawatt capacity, we’re using a very small percentage of that to heat the blades or keep the blades heated.
Allen Hall: Okay So in the way that you’re heating the blade just to walk through this real quickly is you have a basically a fabric tube that runs up along the leading edge and it dumps hot air out at the top. Yes, and then that cycles back around the fabric tube back down to your heater. So you’re constantly keeping warm air warm, right? You’re not constantly warming up cold air. You’re you’ve got this sort of nice warm space that you built.
Joel Saxum: So here’s a question for you.
Has anybody ever called you and said, Hey, Daniela, we have the blade heating system. Can we warm the blade up and do an internal blade repair in the winter?
Daniela Roeper: Actually they have, and I. Our teams, when they go for winter maintenance, they do warm the blade up for themselves a bit before they continue to.
Joel Saxum: They’re on the system like, hey, we’re gonna be there in 15 minutes, warm it up.
Yeah. I get it, I would too. It’s a side perk. Yeah, absolutely. A warm, nice place to work. I like it.
Daniela Roeper: Hey, it’s better than trying to do something with your hands at minus 20.
Joel Saxum: Yeah, it frees up, yeah.
Daniela Roeper: No way.
Joel Saxum: Absolutely. It’s qualified under an HSE consideration.
We had to turn it on.
Allen Hall: So the, so now the… you have an improved system. You’re making advancements in the cloud side and the data response side. It sounds like obviously you’re taking advantage of the reliability of the system now to use it as a SaaS product. That’s got to be a huge advantage.
And one of the, I know one of the questions that I hear about is these ice phobic coatings. So ice phobic coatings tend to build up ice and then sling it. That seems to be the approach. It’s slippery. Will they work in conjunction with your heating system? If somebody’s already put an ice phobic coating on, which there’s been a lot of trials of a lot of different systems.
So there is some of that out there. Would they have to remove that system at all? Or would it even matter anymore? You could still operate with the coating that’s on there.
Daniela Roeper: You can still operate with the coating that’s on there. That’s no problem. Some of our customers have tried them together. That’s not my data to share.
Okay.
So the system works well whether there’s a coating on it or there’s no coating on it. So you don’t need, you don’t need an is phobic coating for the heating system to work well.
Allen Hall: Okay. ‘Cause I’ve heard a lot of discussion like if you put an icephobic coating on, it just makes it work better.
But you’re, what, your approach you’re using is a little bit different than the ice phobic coatings work. So the icephobic coating would even really matter anymore. I think they’re getting ahead of you’re way ahead of what the ice phobic coatings are doing. Proactive versus, yeah. It’s more proactive thing.
And I think. The discussion we’re hearing back from industry is there’s a lifetime to that. So it lasts a couple of years. You have to reapply it with an internal heating system that’s especially the SAS model, it’s one and done. It’s getting maintained anyways. They’re gonna come down and maintain it, so we don’t have to worry about it.
Daniela Roeper: On that topic of lifetime, I want to add a new perspec, a new thing to consider. Okay. With the SAS model, if, And unfortunately, this is the case, but it, blades are almost being considered consumables at this point because there have been so many blade failures. But one of the beauties of our system and the SAS model is that if you do have an issue with the blade, we can move the heating system to a different blade and it doesn’t add any extra cost.
Or if you decide to repower or upgrade, we can bring that heating system to the next blade. We can add a duct extension if the blade is a few meters longer, we’ll add a duct extension. And you’re still able to use that same heating system. And our goal with the software’s, or sorry, the system as a service model is that we want to reduce the waste created by our system.
So we want to repurpose as much as we can and refurbish as many components as we can to reduce the waste or what ends up in a landfill from our system. And that ties into that as well so that we can, we would reuse the same system for a larger blade and just add a duct extension.
Joel Saxum: And you’re keeping costs down for your client that way as well.
Daniela Roeper: Yeah, and we’re keeping costs down.
Allen Hall: Oh yeah, sure. That’s awesome. So Is repowering one of those places where your system gets installed? Is that the easy time? The blades are on the ground, they’re going to put new blades up.
Daniela Roeper: That is a great time. That’s a, it’s a great time. If you’re repowering, that’s something I would think about.
And it is going to be a factor in the Quebec market in Canada. It is planned to be a requirement for repowers that they will have to add a blade heating system because of the impact of icing in Quebec.
Allen Hall: When did that happen?
Daniela Roeper: That has just been in discussion in the last, I would say, year and a half.
Allen Hall: Is that just Quebec province, or all the provinces?
Daniela Roeper: That’s just the province of Quebec at the moment. And it’s not formalized yet, so none of the sites are at the point in Quebec yet where they will be repowered, but it has been, so that was a requirement in the RFP they did for new sites this past year and it is planned to be a requirement for the repowers, but those are still, I would say we’re still five, seven years away from that.
Joel Saxum: Do you think FabricAir was reading that bit of news when they purchased…
Allen Hall: When they called you? Yeah.
Daniela Roeper: Perhaps. I
Joel Saxum: Tell you what, we talked with you guys the last few shows we’ve been at. Your booth now looks fantastic. Completely upgraded. Thank you. The company has matured fantastically.
Congratulations on the FabricAir acquisition. I think it’s going to be big things on the horizon.
Daniela Roeper: Thank you. Thank you. And for me, I want to say, I’m really grateful for FabricAir that their ambition and their support for this product is incredible. So I’m really excited for what we’re going to be able to do together.
Allen Hall: So if someone wants to reach out and get a hold of you and to put this new Borealis system by FabricAir in, how do they do that?
Daniela Roeper: Check out our website. It’s easy to contact us through there.
Allen Hall: Is it borealiswind.com?
Daniela Roeper: BorealisWin. com or fabricair.com you can find us on either one.
Allen Hall: Nice, okay.
Daniela Roeper: You can find us through either email address,
Allen Hall: LinkedIn?
Daniela Roeper: And on LinkedIn. Okay. And we have some really cool icing videos on LinkedIn, if someone wants to check those out.
Allen Hall: I’ve seen some of that. They’re very good.
Daniela Roeper: Yeah, good. And send us an email and we will set you up.
Allen Hall: All right. Daniela, great to have you back on the podcast and we’ll run into you again.
But this is a sweet time for you. It’s winter time. Go get some
sales. This is awesome.
Daniela Roeper: And thank you for having me again. It’s a pleasure.
Joel Saxum: Absolutely.
FabricAir’s Innovative System Proactively Prevents Costly Turbine Icing
Renewable Energy
What Operators Want to Hear at WOMA 2027
Weather Guard Lightning Tech

What Operators Want to Hear at WOMA 2027
Two days of operator meetings in Melbourne shape the WOMA 2027 agenda, from performance upgrades and cable faults to foundations and bolts.
The Uptime Wind Energy Podcast is brought to you by Weather Guard Lightning Tech, creators of the StrikeTape Ultra LPS retrofit. Subscribe to Uptime’s Substack newsletter. And check out Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” Youtube channel. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us!
Allen Hall: Welcome to the Uptime Wind Energy podcast. I’m your host, Allen Hall. I’m here with Matthew Stead and Rosemary Barnes. And Rosemary, where are we?
Rosemary Barnes: We’re in Melbourne, and we have been visiting future attendees and sponsors and people interested in, in the event to see what topics that we should be talking about.
What are the hot topics of the moment?
Allen Hall: Which is a very interesting two days, Matthew, in that, uh, we h- did meet with a number of operators based in Australia, but, uh, they’re also very worldly. They have talked to companies all over about operations and, and maintenance, and there are some really eye-opening topics- Mm
that will be- Mm … at WOMA 2027 this year.
Matthew Stead: Yeah. The thing that was interesting for me was [00:01:00]that actually the topics have changed each year. So, um, they’re evolving and the industry’s continuing to, to do better, and so that, that was really interesting. Performance upgrades was probably one of the big areas of, of new interest, I think.
I think we heard with the pressure on pricing, uh, the market and so forth, you know, that, that 1% or 2% now is becoming more important. Um, so I think, uh, upgrades will definitely feature quite a lot. Um, balance of plant was also a big topic. Um, you just can’t ig- ignore the, um, transmission, you can’t ignore the transformers, you can’t ignore, uh, condensers and all these sorts of things, so yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Cables.
Matthew Stead: Cables.
Rosemary Barnes: Terminations. Terminations of cables. Specifically raised several times.
Allen Hall: Yep. Yeah. It’s all about being more efficient, uh, getting more production, and then with the PPA prices, uh, that are changing-
Matthew Stead: Mm …
Allen Hall: rapidly, uh, everybody is paying more attention to the bottom line.
Matthew Stead: Mm, mm.
Allen Hall: Absolutely. There, there’s less cash running around, uh, chasing new development.
It’s [00:02:00] more of a focus on making sure your, at least your existing assets are performing as, as well as they can be- Mm … which then opens up the, uh, Pandora’s box of opportunity. Mm. Because there are 1%’s all around a wind turbine. More specifically, uh, all the drive train issues, the blade issues, the generator issues, and even going into the substation.
Mm. I, I was really shocked on BOP e- the, the one topic that came up, uh, yesterday and today was buried cables. Mm. Like-
Matthew Stead: Faults …
Allen Hall: faults.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Junctions. Finding- Yeah … finding faults and what to do about them. Yeah. Yeah. But I think in addition to just wanting more revenue, I think people have, are getting more sophisticated about what actually matters and then the finances.
You know, everyone’s focused so much on availability, and now people- Mm … are like, okay, yeah, like once you’re at a certain level of availability, gets harder and harder to get more. And actually, you know, not all availability is equal. Is good. It, it [00:03:00] depends. Yeah. Yeah, like you wanna, um, you wanna focus on how much you’re generating at the times when electricity prices are high specifically, which usually means during lower wind speed periods.
Yeah. Which is actually good because that matches really well with what is actually possible. It’s, it’s hard to get more power out of the turbine if it’s at, you know, its rated power, then you’re not g- More efficiency is not gonna get you any more, um, power output, whereas lower in the power curve- Mm … um, when wind speeds are lower, there’s less electricity in the grid and so prices are higher.
And so- Mm … yeah, I mean, that’s, that’s why people are really asking to know more about what efficiency upgrades are possible, better ways to operate, scheduled maintenance, um, all those sorts of things. Mm. So that will be really interesting.
Matthew Stead: Raising the bar on sophistication. Um, but also life extension
Allen Hall: Yes, a lot of discussion about life extension
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah, end of life and life extension End of life Yeah, um-
Matthew Stead: Foundations, structures Which is
Allen Hall: tied to PPA.
Mm. A lot of that [00:04:00] discussion I, at least I looked at it as, uh, if I had a PPA and I can continue with that PPA with an existing turbine, I want to do that. Mm,
Matthew Stead: mm,
Allen Hall: mm. But how do I do that and how do I know that that existing turbine can last another five years? It seemed to go in five-year blocks, like can we get to another five years and then another and then, then another.
Wow.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Once you get to 20, 20, 25 years, I think people like, uh, they, you know- It’s getting a little- Their original agreement might have been for 20, then they kind of just assume that there will be another five, and then after that they’re- Yeah … kind of reassessing cyclically and yeah, I know that people make plans for, you know, what components are replaceable, what would they have to get in, and I think that sometimes, uh, people doing those plans aren’t as familiar with the, you know, actual technical issues that are being faced.
Like, is a blade a replaceable component? It may be early on in the life it sort of is, not easily, but you know, like a 25-year-old wind turbine, you know, good luck trying to order 10 new blades because you’ve got a, you know, an issue that’s-
Allen Hall: Oh, well you, you need to read the news. Did you [00:05:00] see the news today about, uh, the, the wooden wind turbine blades as a replacement for aged blades?
That, that’s happening- … in real time, Rosa.
Rosemary Barnes: Okay. I know they- Yeah. Yep, yep. Okay. Okay. So that, that’s, that’s good. Making carbon new blade. E- even so, I don’t think that they’re- Okay. … gonna be, like, super-duper cheap, so you’re still gonna wanna be, um, doing a trade-off between y- you know, like, what kind of repairs.
You might be able to change the way you’re operating to reduce loads. Um, you might be able to monitor to make sure that your blades are safe. You know, if you know that there’s an issue, um, you just wanna get some advanced warning before blades start falling off your, your tower. Mm. You know, and then you can push it further.
Yeah. Whereas if you’ve got no information, then you have to be conservative and shut it down. Yeah. So yeah, I think there’s a whole lot that can be g- can be done there in that area.
Matthew Stead: There was a point that came up today, which I think was close to your heart, on, you know, if you’re going to be going for 1% or 2% or 0.5% AEP improvement, how do you actually measure that and how do you set up a proper experiment?
So-
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah …
Matthew Stead: I, I, I love that topic. [00:06:00]
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. No, it’s one that I, um, yeah, I deal with m- my clients I, I’m often… It’s one of the things that Pablo really loves to do, is to organize trials of that nature of new technologies and see if they work. But, um, yeah, asset managers are usually very, uh, focused on fast results.
You know, they’ve got a, a big problem and they want a solution now, so they wanna just roll out the new technology over an entire wind farm. But if you do that, then it’s almost impossible. Unless you get, like, a huge benefit, like, uh, 10% gains or, you know, like reduce your failures by 50% or more, it’s really hard to actually- Mm
pick that out if you just replace everything. Mm. Whereas if you do a really, really good, um, trial plan- Systematic. Yeah … and you match pairs very well so that you have, you know, a control for each turbine and there’s- so many variables in a wind farm. It’s not, it’s not as easy as just, like, randomly choosing 50% to do and not do.
Mm. Mm. Mm. Like, you have to, you know, put some work into the trial design, and then, you know, like, do your statistical calculations ahead of time to know how long it’s gonna take you to get s- statistical [00:07:00]significance. So then you don’t just have a gut feeling about- Yep … how something went. You’ve actually got numbers, and then you can take those numbers to, you know, other wind farms that you’ve got- Yeah
and, and know what’s going on much better.
Matthew Stead: Worst study is an inconclusive study.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Yeah, that’s true. Definitely.
Allen Hall: Well, that comes back to the data analysis- Mm … which a lot of operators mentioned, and how much data there is and what to do with it, and it did seem like a couple of operators have chosen some AI tools, varying degrees, all the way down from Microsoft Copilot to something much more complicated.
Uh, but I think there’s, uh, getting that d- to the last 1, 2, 3%, you’re going to need those tools- Absolutely … because what do you choose? Do you choose a blade? Do you choose a gearbox? Do you choose a generator? Do you go to the substation to get that percentage point or two Without having some really powerful tools- Mm.
you may be wasting your time [00:08:00] and money.
Matthew Stead: Mm.
Allen Hall: Which is a, a, a very interesting, uh, aspect to wind energy because it’s such an industrial business that, uh, we haven’t used heavy computational tools, uh, un- until really now.
Matthew Stead: Mm.
Allen Hall: And maybe Australia’s at the forefront because of the PPA and negative pricing is that that will, uh, actually lead an industry.
Because I haven’t seen a lot of that being used globally. Mm. So this is the first time an operator- Mm … that I’ve talked to has said, “We’re using it.”
Matthew Stead: Yeah. It’s quite a different discussion, um, I think, you know, this year compared to previous years in that I think in the past it was getting to know what’s possible, but now it’s like real case studies are coming through.
And a few of the people had some really good examples that we can talk about at the conference as to how they’ve actually been helped and how they did this and what the outcome was. I think, yeah, that would be really great content on that.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I think it’s gonna be a good mix of people who have used third party tools and have experience with it, people that are doing it in-house and can share- Mm
some of the kinds of results- Mm … that, that you can get just from analyzing your own- Mm … [00:09:00] SCADA data. Um, people talking about how they get the data that they want. Mm. ‘Cause it’s not always so easy. You would think that, you know, you own a wind turbine, you have a right to have all of the data that comes through it, but it’s not.
Um, even if you do technically have a right, it’s, uh, it, it’s harder to actually get it than you might think. Mm. So yeah, sharing all, all those kinds of things. But I think also, like just as important as talking about the successes is talking about the, the gaps that– people still feel lots of gaps. Like, okay, we’ve got all the data, we’re collecting it.
We know that there’s so much potential here- Mm … but we don’t really- Mm … know what we can do, or it’s hard for us to, you know- Mm … make headway in this particular pain point. And that is really useful for companies that are developing tools to know what are the, the problems. Mm. Because then they can e- you know, they’re well placed to fix them.
Allen Hall: Mm. Which leads to the discussion we had with the operators and, uh, some of the suppliers for WOMA 2027. There’s a lot of interest. And as we’re sitting in the conference rooms, I’m thinking, we may not have enough room to [00:10:00] seat everybody. Uh, the WOMA 2027 website is up and running, and you can register now.
So just go to woma2027.com and get started there. At the same point, we’ve had a lot of contact with, uh, pretty much everybody that wants to sponsor the event, and there’s only a limited number of ways to sponsor. So if you’re interested in doing that, you, you need to go to woma2027.com and look at those, uh, part- particular packages and see what- Mm
fits your, your business. Uh- Going back to some of the, the comments we were just discussing downstairs about what we heard at 2026, like, which is only a couple of months ago, right? It’s back in February this year. Uh, there’s, they’re still discussing what happened at WOMA 2026- Mm. Which was very fascinating- Mm
because I think Rosemary, you and I have been to conferences that I have not thought an iota … about what happened at those conferences. Just nothing interesting does occur. There’s no new, new information, there’s [00:11:00] no new science, there’s no new operator approaches.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Allen Hall: But we’re gonna see a number of those- Yeah.
Mm … come next March.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Well, I think it’s partly because I don’t know what other conference organizers do, but, you know, we’ve had a exhausting few days here. You’ve come all the way from America, obviously, and, and Claire as well, also come over, our producer. Um, so, y- you know, like, we’re working really hard to make sure that the topics…
Like, it’s not an accident that the topics are ones that people are talking about later, because we come here to make sure that we get the right topics. And it’s not just these meetings as well. People get in touch, and- Mm … anybody watching, listening, who has, you know, something that they wanna talk about, then definitely, you know, send us a message, and yeah, we’re working on the agenda.
We’ll, we’ll have a draft agenda in the next couple of weeks based on what we’ve learned here, but then we’ve got the hard job of it’s not just that you have a really interesting topic, you need to have a really great speaker- Yeah … or several really great speakers, usually covering several different aspects of the problem.
You know, maybe it’s, uh, yeah, an asset [00:12:00] owner, an OEM, and some, some technology provider, you know, all together giving different, um, yeah, perspectives. That’s, I think, what makes a really great session. Mm. So yeah, we need the ideas for the sessions, and we also need the ideas for great speakers.
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Right.
Matthew Stead: Yeah. I think we’ve, we’ve already matched a few of those dots, so- Yeah … I, we’ve heard people asking for certain topics they wanna hear about, and then we’ve heard other operators saying, “Well, this is what we could talk about.” So I think we’ve already-
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah, yeah … got some great
Matthew Stead: progress.
Rosemary Barnes: It was, it was interesting ’cause we, we built up a list of, you know-
Matthew Stead: Yeah
Rosemary Barnes: frequently raised topics, and then you’d say it to the next person that you went to- Mm … and they’re like, “Oh, that’s not a problem for us because we’ve done X, Y, Z.” And you’re like, “Okay. Well, excellent. You can, you can present the solutions that we know that other people- Yeah. Yes … are, are looking for.” Yeah.
So it has been… Yeah. Yeah. I mean, it’s definitely worthwhile coming, as, as tiring as it is. Yeah. Um, definitely worthwhile, and we’ll get a much better agenda for the- Yeah … for the effort.
Matthew Stead: And I think, I mean, it has been tiring. Um, but what, what made it for me was one of the operators said that [00:13:00] this is the only conference they will go to So I think, I think we’re doing the right thing.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Yeah. I, I think so. I understand too, like, you know, all of us, we kind of are forced to go to events because that’s where our, our clients and customers are, and so you need to see them. And yeah, like I’ve even gone to the extent of some events where I don’t particularly like the event, but I know everyone’s going.
Mm. I just go and sit near the event for a couple of days and meet people at a cafe. So yeah, like we can’t get away from it. But if you’re an asset manager or, um, yeah, somebody in that kind of type of work, like you’ve got better things to do than listen to sales pitches aggressively thrown at you that aren’t relevant- Yeah
to what you’re doing. So, um, yeah. Like I, I definitely love to hear that kind of feedback- Yeah … and wanna make sure that we get it every, every year. Like that’s- It’s, it’s
Matthew Stead: encouraging.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah … yeah, that’s, that’s the point of the conference, so.
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah.
Matthew Stead: The other big topic was we would really love more OEM involvement.
Um-
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Everybody wants more- … a lot of the operators- … OEM involvement- Yeah … all of the asset owners.
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Like we want to [00:14:00] hear from OEMs more, have them there. Um, so yeah, we’re, we’ll be trying to To get those sorted
Allen Hall: Well, WOMA is a global conference, although it’s Australia-based and there’s a, a number of Australian operators.
There are Danish, Americans, uh, plenty of Europeans. Uh, we’re gonna see some from Southeast Asia, I think, this year. Mm-hmm. And, and Japan hopefully will come. Uh, because it’s a, it’s a global conference, there’s global knowledge- Mm … and wind is such a big industry. You may not have the solution in the United States, it may be sitting in Australia, and we need to exchange those ideas.
Mm. And that, that’s the point. So w- we are continuing to look for those world experts as we have received all the inputs of these are all the topics we wanna go hear about. Great. Now it’s on us three to go find some of those world experts and, and try to get them to Melbourne. Yeah. And I, I think that’s a great opportunity.
So if we do call you and ask you to participate in WOMA [00:15:00] 2027, please take it seriously because- Mm … you will be bombarded with great questions- Mm … and contacts and information. Uh, it’s an event you won’t wanna miss. Yeah. And- But I would- … there’s opportunity there.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I’d say we’re, we’re prioritizing OEMs, um, to, to get more participation, ideally to speak, but at least to be there.
And we have heard from multiple asset owners in Australia that they want, they, they want to know what are some of the upgrades that they can do- Yeah … that you’re offering. They wanna know what’s coming next in terms of technology. They wanna know what are some of the non-Western options. So, you know, like it would be great to get some Chinese wind turbine, um, manufacturers as well.
Like, they want all this information. They don’t want a slick sales brochure pitch that doesn’t give them any technical information. So we’re hopeful that we’ll be able to get, you know, some technical people to speak on, yeah, what are the upgrades you offer and how does it work- Mm-hmm … and show us a case study that demonstrates the improvements.
Um, ’cause that [00:16:00] sometimes is really hard to get out of- Mm … out of OEMs. You know, that, “We’ve got this thing, it’s so amazing, you should get it.” Okay, well, what’s the business case for it? “Oh, well, we don’t have any numbers. Just trust us.”
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Um, it’s so common to get a pitch like that. So yeah, any, any OEM that has any- anything like that, either for the next generation of wind turbines or for upgrading the current fleet, yeah, if you’re willing to bring the data, then people, they are desperate to hear this information.
Allen Hall: Mm.
Matthew Stead: Yeah. That came up so many times.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Allen Hall: So what were the other, uh, topics that we’re… I’m just not thinking off the top of my head. I know foundations came up quite a bit- Foundations, yeah … which was an odd one, I think, because we haven’t seen that a lot in Australia. Yeah. But this year, foundations, foundations, foundations.
Basically, the health of foundations. Yeah.
Matthew Stead: Yeah. I think really there was a lifting of the maturity. Um, I think the topics were sort of showing that, you know, Maslow’s hierarchy and moving into the more of optimization rather than making do, and I think life extension around the foundations was a, a really good example of that.
Allen Hall: And bolts.
Matthew Stead: Bolts? Yeah, bolts.
Allen Hall: [00:17:00] Everybody said bolts. Bolts.
Matthew Stead: Bolts.
Allen Hall: You think the world’s simplest device, we’ve been making bolts for nearly 1,000 years or at least a couple hundred. But it does- And, you know- … come up quite often … cable, cable
Matthew Stead: terminations, again, some really
Rosemary Barnes: basic- Yeah, that, really specific ones that were raised multiple times.
Yeah. Um, yeah, which, which is great- Yeah … ’cause it gives us a good direction to go. But I do love how it changes so much every year- Yeah … ’cause it makes me feel like, okay, yeah, like we’re actually, you know, it’s worthwhile, um, putting on another event. Mm. Um, not just recording one event and then just, you know, like replaying that every year or something.
Re-educating.
Allen Hall: Yeah. Well, I, I think there’s a learning exercise that has happened over the past two years where people now are knowledgeable about those things we talked about- Mm … two years ago. Uh, was it, was it even two years ago? It was a year and a half ago when we first started this, so we’re, we’re not that deep into it.
Although our third conference will be next March, uh, you just see more energy, more industry knowledge in some of the references that I heard, uh, in terms of other companies and the approaches they’re taking clearly came from WOMA.
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Matthew Stead: Yeah,
Allen Hall: yeah. Which is, which is [00:18:00] fascinating. Yeah. That’s
Rosemary Barnes: good. I mean, we want- It, it is
Allen Hall: sticking
Rosemary Barnes: we want tech conferences to get better, right? That was the- No … the reason why we, uh, we started this conference was ’cause we didn’t think that it was sufficient, what we had available. So, you know, it’s not a bad thing if other conferences, um, get better. Yeah. Yeah. We should also mention that blades were, were raised a fair bit.
We talked so much about blades in the previous years, and we will be talking about blades a lot again, including we’ve got a master class on the Friday. Uh, it’s… Yeah, we’ll go back to some of the basics about how the composite materials work and how a blade is designed and certified and manufactured, and, um- Lightning.
Y- yeah, yeah, a little, a little bit about lightning. Um, I don’t wanna cover it too much because we did the master class on lightning- Right … last year. Mm. Um, yeah. And yeah, some of the common damage methods anyway. And of course- Mm … yeah, lightning is probably the most- … common, or I guess leading edge erosion is the most, and then lightning would be the most expensive.
Um, yeah, so we’ll be, we’ll be covering all that and just try and raise the knowledge level a little bit, um, for [00:19:00] everybody to… It’s a very complicated kind of, uh, yeah, component.
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah.
Matthew Stead: And workshops. So each year we’ve run sort of workshops or roundtables or whatever, so we’re still thinking about the format for them, but, um, thinking about how we’ll reintroduce them again this year.
You know, specific topics, specific questions, specific answers.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Allen Hall: And the three of us will be in Hamburg in a couple of weeks at Wind Energy Hamburg, so if you see us and you’re interested in coming to Australia, that’s the place to grab us and- Yep … and shake us and say, “I wanna go to Australia. How do I do it?”
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Allen Hall: Uh, yeah. Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Especially if you’ve got a, a t- technology that addresses some of those specific issues that we’ve mentioned- Mm … then, um, yeah, just know ahead of time that Australia needs, needs more information and more, um, solutions available to them. So, yeah. And
Matthew Stead: that reminds me, we had a really discussion a- around safety and, you know, reasonable and [00:20:00] practicable, and discussion around all the lessons learned about how…
or what is best practice on a site, what is best practice about how to manage risks and-
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Matthew Stead: Yeah. Yeah. I know you, you, you enjoyed that one.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah, yeah, definitely. And we’re not talking about, like, safety the- Ear muffs or hats. The, um, rou- Yeah, the routine safety that if you- The goggles, yeah … yeah, trip over and graze your knee, then you need to let the site supervisor know.
You, you know, it’s not that stuff, ’cause sites have that under control. That’s a given, yeah. Or at least the ability to get that under control. We’re talking about the bigger- Yeah … bigger things, you know. Like, uh, is there a issue that is causing blades to fall off turbines every now and then? Is there an issue that, uh, can lead to, you know, a fire?
I, I think everyone, like- Yeah … a big fear of everybody’s. There’s never been, um, in Australia at least, there’s never been a wind turbine fire that has caused a bush fire, but it is a possibility, and it would be so bad for the industry. So, you know, it’s those things- Mm … that could be just terrible, preventing those before they happen.
Mm. So that’s the kind of safety that we’re gonna mainly focus on. Mm. Although, you know, we’re not gonna [00:21:00] turn down questions on, um, some of the smaller stuff as well.
Matthew Stead: Yeah.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Matthew Stead: And we even thought about getting some lawyers-
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah …
Matthew Stead: you missed out on this discussion, Rosie. Okay.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah.
Matthew Stead: So
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. Lawyers, this is news to me.
Well, I mean, are we talking contracts or, um-
Matthew Stead: No, no … no … it’s really operations. I mean- Right … the environmental, um, issues- Oh yeah … the operational issues. Mm. You know, there’s, there’s a few things in there that the lawyers can add.
Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I mean- … I’ve, I constantly find myself having to interpret, you know, legal, um, legal text and also anticipate, you know, it’s one thing about what’s the right engineering, but then there is also the legal interpretation of it- Yeah
uh, as well, you know, in terms of contract law, but then also in, in terms of safety. Yeah. Um, yeah. Was this certification done correctly? You know- Yeah … that’s got some legal aspect to it. So yeah, that- Yeah … makes sense to me. Insurance is another one where I would say- Yeah, actually that came up … you know, like some, some people might think that that doesn’t sound interesting, but yeah, in- insurance is the other-
Matthew Stead: Mm
Rosemary Barnes: aspect that you [00:22:00] just can’t, um, you can’t get away from it. Like, you can’t just think that you’re, you’re doing your engineering without bothering about Mm … yeah, like finance and law and, um, and insurance. Those are things that- Mm … you spend a lot of time thinking about.
Matthew Stead: Yeah. Mm. And I guess we would also love to hear, you know, about potential speakers, but we’d also love to hear any other topics that people are attending and want to know about as well.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm-hmm.
Allen Hall: Absolutely. And if you haven’t registered for WOMA 2027, which will be March 3rd through 5th at the Pullman in East Melbourne, right? East Melbourne, yeah. They just redefined it. It’s Pullman in East Melbourne. Uh, go ahead and go to woma2027.com and register now. Uh, Matthew and Rosemary, it’s great to see you in person again, and we’ll see you in a couple of weeks, uh, hopefully in, in Germany.
Rosemary Barnes: Mm.
Allen Hall: Very [00:23:00] exciting.
Renewable Energy
Forcing Our Teachers to Toe the Line on Communism
The substance of the meme here is correct; Florida public schools require comprehensive K-12 instruction on the history and dangers of communism, following a series of legislative moves and curriculum standards. The updated “History of Communism” curriculum is rolling out for the 2026–2027 school year, mandating that students learn about the “brutal realities” and (the catastrophic) global impact of communist regimes.
When I was a schoolboy in the 1960s and early 1970s, we came to learn that all efforts to establish a viable communist nation had failed, but our teachers were not shackled as to what they could teach and how they could teach it. As a result, we came to a variety of helpful viewpoints, and these are what I offered my own kids as they were growing up, e.g.,
- “Men are not angels,” as my sixth-grade social studies teacher explained. Those who do not need to work in order to survive can simply goof off.
- Yet idleness is averse to most people’s psychological needs to be an active and productive person, and member of society.
- Power corrupts, and absolutely power corrupts absolutely. Democracy prevents the accumulation of a pathological amount of power on the part of any one leader. (This was assumed to be true until Donald Trump’s second term.)
- If Lenin (a butcher) hadn’t had Trotsky (a compassionate intellectual) assassinated, the entirety of the USSR would have turned out completely differently.
- If the U.S. hadn’t, through its embargoes, made it impossible for Cuba to offer its people a decent quality of life, their revolution may have succeeded and brought forth a new way of thinking.
- There are examples of smaller scale societies in which the ideals of communism work out very nicely, e.g., the Israeli kibbutz.
- We read and discussed at length a book called “Social Ideals and Ideal Societies” in which these concepts were analyzed fairly and in great depth.
Now, will the typical American schoolchild turn out better if he’s cut off from thinking critically about all this and forced to accept the mantra that “communism = evil?” The typical Florida Republican would say the answer is an obvious yes, but most intelligent people would dispute that.
Producing educated people who can think for themselves is an idea quite opposed to the ongoing control of a population.
Renewable Energy
Trump Supporters Stupid?
To the author of the meme here, I say: It’s safe to say that most folks in Trump’s MAGA base are stupid, though one needs more than a low IQ to fit into this segment.
In particular, we mustn’t omit mean-spiritedness. People who are kind, compassionate, decent and tolerant of others are grossly unqualified to be rank-and-file Trumpers.
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