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We’re running the most dangerous experiment in history right now, which is to see how much carbon dioxide the atmosphere… can handle before there is an environmental catastrophe.

Last month we launched our Carbon Credit AI, and invited you to submit your questions. Now that this service has been running for a few weeks, it’s becoming increasingly evident that one of the questions you’re most curious about is who issues carbon credits and how, so we decided to write this blog post and give some insights. Hopefully you’ll find this insightful…

 

What is a Carbon Credit?

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing our planet today. The burning of fossil fuels and other human activities have led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn has caused global temperatures to rise. This has resulted in more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, and other detrimental effects on the environment.

Carbon credits represent a unit of measurement for greenhouse gas emissions reductions or removals. Carbon credits enable entities to offset their own emissions by investing in ventures that reduce or remove greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere. This not only helps to reduce overall emissions but also promotes sustainable development and the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Carbon credits support climate change mitigation by providing a financial framework of incentives that governs how companies and organizations match their climate change commitments and reduce their emissions.

When a company or organization reduces its emissions below a certain threshold, it can earn carbon credits. These credits can then be sold or traded on carbon markets.

 

Understanding the Carbon Market

The carbon market is a system that enables the buying and selling of carbon credits. It operates on the principle of supply and demand, with some companies and organizations seeking to buy carbon credits to offset their emissions, while others seek to sell their excess credits. The carbon market can be divided into two main types:

  1. Compliance markets
  2. Voluntary markets.

Trading mechanisms in these carbon markets vary depending on the type of market and the specific rules and regulations in place:

Carbon Credit Compliance Markets

Compliance markets are established by governments and are mandatory for certain industries or sectors. These markets use carbon credits as a means of compliance to ensure that companies meet mandatory targets. Carbon credits in these markets are typically allocated or auctioned off by governments, and companies can buy or sell these credits on a secondary market.

Examples of compliance markets are:

 

Carbon Credit Voluntary Markets

Voluntary markets are not regulated by governments and are driven by companies and individuals who voluntarily choose to offset their emissions. Carbon credits for these markets are often generated through projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gasses, and these credits can be bought directly from project developers or through specialized platforms. These markets provide an opportunity for companies to take responsibility for their carbon footprint and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.

Examples of voluntary markets are:

 

How are Carbon Credits Issued?

Carbon credits can be issued for projects that can be proven to reduce carbon emissions or absorb carbon from the environment. These may include, but are not limited to:

  • Renewable energy initiatives.
  • Energy efficiency programs.
  • Afforestation & reforestation projects.
  • Waste management schemes.

These projects not only help to reduce emissions but also contribute to sustainable development and job creation. By issuing carbon credits for these projects, governments, international organizations and private enterprises can support their implementation and ensure they are financially viable. Let’s take a closer look at how each of the above projects are leveraged to create carbon credits:

 

Issuing Carbon Credits from Wind Farms

By generating clean, renewable energy, wind farms help to reduce the demand for fossil fuels and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. The emission reductions achieved by the wind farm can be quantified and converted into carbon credits, which can then be sold on the carbon market. Carbon Credit Capital offers such credits from our renewable energy partners in India.

 

Issuing Carbon Credits from Afforestation

These projects help to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in biomass by planting trees. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the trees can be quantified and converted into carbon credits. These credits can then be sold to companies or individuals looking to offset their emissions.

Carbon Credit Capital offers such credits from our forest conservation in Mongolia.

 

Issuing Carbon Credits from Waste Management

Waste management schemes create carbon credits by implementing methods to reduce carbon dioxide and methane emissions associated with waste, typically through activities such as food rescue, plastic recycling, and landfill gas management. Public and private waste management organizations can generate carbon credits that can be traded in carbon markets. This not only helps in environmental conservation but also provides economic benefits through the sale of these credits.

 

Carbon Offset Projects’ Auxiliary and Ancillary Benefits

Carbon offset projects provide multiple benefits beyond emission reductions. They often contribute to sustainable development, create jobs, and support local communities. For example, a renewable energy project can provide clean electricity to remote areas that previously relied on fossil fuels. A reforestation project can create employment opportunities for local communities and protect biodiversity.

By issuing carbon credits for these projects, the carbon market provides a financial incentive for their implementation. This helps to attract investment and support the growth of sustainable practices. Carbon offset projects also contribute to the transition to a low-carbon economy by promoting renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and other climate-friendly activities.

 

How are Carbon Credits Certified?

The certification process is an essential step in issuing carbon credits and ensuring their credibility and integrity. Certification bodies are responsible for verifying that emission reduction projects meet specific criteria and standards before issuing carbon credits. This process involves a thorough assessment of the project’s methodology, monitoring systems, and emission reduction calculations.

The certification process begins with project developers submitting a project design document (PDD) to the certification body. The PDD outlines the project’s objectives, methodologies, and expected emission reductions. The certification body reviews the PDD and conducts an initial assessment to determine if the project meets the necessary requirements.

If the project is deemed eligible, it moves on to the validation stage. During validation, the certification body conducts an on-site visit to verify that the project is being implemented according to the approved methodology. This includes reviewing monitoring systems, data collection methods, and emission reduction calculations.

Once validation is complete, the certification body issues a validation report and registers the project with a unique identification number. The project can then begin generating carbon credits based on its verified emission reductions. These credits are typically issued in the form of tradable certificates, which can be bought and sold on the carbon market.

Examples of certification bodies include the aforementioned VCS and Gold Standard, as well as the Climate Action Reserve. These organizations have established rigorous standards and guidelines for carbon credit projects and provide independent verification and certification services. By certifying carbon credits, they ensure projects meet the necessary criteria and contribute to real emission reductions.

 

Carbon Credits Verification

Verification is another crucial step in issuing carbon credits and ensuring their credibility and integrity. Verification bodies such as Det Norske Veritas (DNV), SGS, and TÜV SÜD, have extensive experience in verifying emission reduction projects and ensuring compliance with international standards. By providing independent verification services, they help to build trust in the carbon market and ensure the integrity of carbon credits.

 

Carbon Credits Verification process

  1. Verification begins with project developers submitting a verification report including detailed information on the project’s emission reduction calculations, monitoring systems, and data collection methods to the verification body.
  2. The verification body then reviews the report and conducts an independent assessment to determine if the project meets the necessary requirements.
  3. Verification bodies may request additional information or conduct on-site visits to verify a project’s data’s accuracy. This includes reviewing monitoring equipment, data collection procedures, and emission reduction calculations. The verification body also checks for any potential errors or inconsistencies in the project’s documentation.
  4. Once the assessment is complete, the verification body issues a verification statement that confirms the accuracy of the project’s emission reduction calculations. This statement is then used by the certification body to issue carbon credits for the project. The verification body may also provide recommendations for improving monitoring systems or data collection methods to ensure ongoing compliance with standards.

 

Carbon Credits – Government’s Role

Governments play a crucial role in issuing carbon credits and driving emission reductions. They establish policies and regulations that set emission reduction targets for industries and sectors, and they oversee the allocation and trading of carbon credits. Government agencies are responsible for issuing and monitoring carbon credits, ensuring that they are valid and meet the necessary criteria.

Government policies on carbon credits vary from country to country, but they generally aim to incentivize emission reductions and promote sustainable practices. These policies can include cap-and-trade systems, carbon taxes, renewable energy incentives, and other measures that encourage companies to reduce their emissions. By issuing carbon credits, governments provide a tangible incentive for companies to invest in emission reduction projects.

Government agencies responsible for issuing carbon credits also vary depending on the country. In some cases, it may be a dedicated agency or department within the government that is responsible for overseeing the carbon market. In other cases, it may be a regulatory body or an environmental agency that is tasked with monitoring emissions and issuing carbon credits.

 

Carbon Credits – International Organizations’ Role

International organizations play a significant role in issuing carbon credits and reducing emissions on a global scale. These organizations work to establish standards and guidelines for carbon credit projects, provide technical assistance to project developers, and facilitate the trading of carbon credits.

One example of an international organization involved in carbon credits is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which oversees the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which allows developing countries to earn carbon credits by implementing emission reduction projects. The CDM has been instrumental in promoting sustainable development and technology transfer in developing countries.

Another example is the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), which aims to offset the growth in international aviation emissions by requiring airlines to purchase carbon credits from approved projects. This initiative is expected to play a significant role in reducing emissions from the aviation sector.

Another important activity by international organizations is the funding and support for carbon credit projects. For example, the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) provides financial incentives for countries to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. By issuing carbon credits for these projects, international organizations can help to mobilize private sector investment and promote sustainable development.

 

Carbon Credits – Private Enterprises’ Role

As mentioned earlier, private entities and companies are key players in the carbon market, both as buyers and sellers of carbon credits.

 

Private Enterprise Carbon Credit Buyers

Many companies choose to meet compliance requirements, sustainability goals, or corporate social responsibility commitments by electing to offset their emissions through the purchase of carbon credits from projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gasses.

 

Private Enterprise Carbon Credit Sellers

There are also private companies that specialize in issuing carbon credits. The financial model on which these companies operate involves the development and implementation of emission reduction projects similar to the ones listed above through which they earn carbon credits for the attributable emissions reductions. These credits are then sold at a profit on carbon markets.

Examples of private companies issuing carbon credits may include:

  • Renewable energy developers.
  • Waste management companies.
  • Forestry organizations.

Not only do these companies prove the financial incentive for others to make similar investments, and contribute to the transition to a low-carbon economy, but they also play a crucial role in promoting sustainable practices and educating for emission reductions.

 

Private Enterprises’ Role in Education

An important aspect of private companies’ involvement with carbon credits is the promotion of carbon credit projects through marketing and communication efforts – Often companies choose to highlight their carbon offset initiatives for branding purposes, as part of their sustainability strategies, or their corporate social responsibility efforts. These activities help raise awareness and encourage others to follow suit. By showcasing the benefits of carbon credits, private companies can inspire others to join the fight against climate change.

 

Conclusion

Carbon credits are a crucial tool in mitigating climate change and promoting sustainable development. They provide a financial incentive for companies and organizations to reduce their emissions and invest in emission reduction projects. Governments, international organizations, and private companies all play a role in the issuance, certification and validation of carbon credits and thereby driving emission reductions. Certification and verification processes ensure the credibility and integrity of carbon credits, while transparency promotes trust in the carbon market. The future of carbon credits holds great potential for achieving global climate goals and transitioning to a low-carbon economy.

If you’re interested in learning more about carbon credits and their impact on the environment, feel free to reach out to us – We’re always happy to help!

Carbon Footprint

Tesla (TSLA) Stock Slips After Q3 Results as Carbon Credit Revenue Plunges 44%

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Tesla (TSLA) Stock Slips After Q3 Results as Carbon Credit Revenue Plunges 44%

Tesla today released its third-quarter 2025 results. The company posted $28.1 billion in revenue, up 12 % compared with a year ago. Net income narrowed sharply to $1.4 billion, down roughly 37 % from the same quarter in 2024. The gross margin stood at about 18 %, down from 19.8 % a year earlier.

Vehicle deliveries reached a record 497,099 units, driven largely by strong demand ahead of the U.S. federal EV tax-credit expiration. Energy storage deployments grew, but Tesla reported a revenue drop.

More notably, sales from regulatory credits, also known as carbon credits, fell to $417 million, down 44% from last year.

Tesla highlighted operational strength in production and clean energy expansion. It also recognized outside pressures. These included falling carbon credit sales, higher costs, and a more competitive EV market. All of these factors affected profit margins.

CEO Elon Musk said Tesla is “staying focused on cost control and scaling clean energy.” He added that the company is improving factory automation and AI systems while expanding into new markets.

Carbon Credits Lose Power

Tesla’s carbon credit sales fell again in Q3. The company earned $417 million from selling credits, down 44% compared with $739 million a year earlier.

Tesla carbon credit quarterly revenue

For years, these credits have provided Tesla with extra income. The company makes money by selling zero-emission vehicles. Then, it sells the credits to automakers that don’t meet emission standards.

Major buyers include Stellantis (formerly Fiat Chrysler) and General Motors. They use Tesla’s credits to reduce higher fleet emissions. In Europe, Toyota, Ford, Mazda, and Subaru have joined pooling arrangements linked to Tesla and other EV makers. These credit deals remain a key income source for Tesla, even as rival automakers expand their own EV lineups.

Between 2019 and 2024, Tesla made more than $11.8 billion in credit sales. But as other automakers launch more electric models, demand for Tesla’s credits is declining. Analysts say this trend will continue as the EV market matures and countries tighten credit systems.

However, expected revenues will gradually decline. This will happen as global manufacturers meet stricter carbon standards and depend less on external credits.

Tesla’s CFO noted that while carbon credit income still helps overall results, it is now a smaller part of the company’s total revenue. The company’s goal is to rely on vehicle and energy product sales instead of external credits in the long run.

ESG Edge: Tesla’s Ongoing Climate Impact

Tesla continues to lead in cutting transportation-related emissions through its EVs and renewable energy systems. In 2025, the company estimated that its global fleet helped avoid more than 20 million tons of CO₂ compared with gas-powered vehicles.

Its Gigafactories use renewable power where possible. For example:

  • The Nevada Gigafactory sources most of its electricity from solar panels and nearby renewables.
  • The Texas Gigafactory plans to reach 100% renewable electricity by 2026.
  • The Berlin-Brandenburg Gigafactory uses energy from wind and solar farms in Germany.

In 2024, Tesla said its operations emitted around 1.6 million tons of CO₂-equivalent, mostly from manufacturing. However, it aims to reach net-zero operations by 2030, partly through on-site renewables and energy efficiency upgrades.

The company’s battery recycling program also expanded this year. Tesla said it processed over 10,000 tons of battery materials in 2025, recovering more than 90% of key metals such as nickel, lithium, and cobalt. This helps reduce both mining demand and production costs.

Market Reaction and Stock Outlook

Tesla’s stock traded lower after the Q3 results. Investors focused on shrinking profit margins and weaker credit income. Shares fell about 4% in after-hours trading following the announcement.

Tesla TSLA stock price

However, analysts noted that Tesla’s strong vehicle deliveries and growing energy business remain long-term positives. The company still holds about $29 billion in cash, giving it flexibility for new factory investments and product launches.

Tesla is also developing new products that could shape its next growth phase:

  • Cybertruck deliveries are ramping up, with full-scale production expected in 2026.
  • The next-generation “Redwood” compact EV is under development, targeting a lower-price market.
  • The Dojo AI supercomputer continues to expand to improve autonomous-driving systems.

Analysts project that Tesla’s annual deliveries could reach 1.9 million units in 2025, up from 1.8 million in 2024. But the company must maintain cost control and increase battery supply to stay competitive.

Tesla remains the top global EV brand, but its market share is shrinking. Companies like BYD, Hyundai, Volkswagen, and GM are expanding fast. BYD alone sold over 3 million EVs in 2024, close to Tesla’s total deliveries.

BYD vs Tesla EV sales

Costs are another challenge. Prices for lithium and nickel, key battery metals, have been volatile. Benchmark Mineral Intelligence reported that lithium carbonate prices rose nearly 25% in early 2025 after a sharp fall in 2024.

Tesla is working to reduce these risks through in-house battery production and supply deals. It is also developing its “Optimus” robot and expanding its Full Self-Driving (FSD) software, which could bring new recurring revenue in the future.

Policy Shifts and the Carbon Economy

Tesla’s position in carbon markets is also tied to global climate policy trends. The federal EV tax credits ended in 2025 after new legislation. The change removed the $7,500 credit for many new EV buyers and the $4,000 used-EV credit.

This shift reduces a key buyer incentive in the U.S. and may affect EV demand and pricing going forward. Meanwhile, in Europe, new carbon border taxes could make manufacturing outside the region more costly.

Globally, voluntary carbon markets are growing by about 20% each year. However, regulators are pushing for stricter verification standards.

Tesla’s carbon credit decline fits a broader pattern—many automakers are now earning their own credits instead of buying them. The shift signals progress toward wider EV adoption but also limits a once-steady source of profit for Tesla.

Beyond Cars: Tesla’s Clean Energy Expansion

Beyond cars, Tesla’s energy division remains a major growth area. The company is scaling up battery-storage products like Powerwall for homes and Megapack for utilities.

In 2025, global installations of Tesla’s energy storage exceeded 40 GWh, up 16% year over year. These systems help stabilize power grids and integrate renewable energy.

Tesla energy storage deployment Q3 2025
Source: Tesla

Tesla also said its solar installations reached 280 MW in the quarter, a 9% increase. Although still a small part of total revenue, solar and storage help diversify the business as the company moves closer to its clean-energy mission.

Looking forward, Tesla plans to:

  • Increase battery recycling capacity by 50% by 2026.
  • Expand Megapack production in California and China.
  • Develop lower-cost energy products for homes and small businesses.

These steps aim to make Tesla not just an automaker but a full-scale clean energy company.

Bottom Line: Growth Meets Reality

Tesla’s Q3 2025 results show solid growth but shrinking profits. Vehicle deliveries set a new record, and the energy business expanded. Yet, weaker margins and falling carbon credit sales highlight growing challenges for Tesla.

From an ESG perspective, Tesla remains a major player in global decarbonization. Its EVs and clean energy systems continue to reduce emissions worldwide. But maintaining that leadership will depend on cost discipline, stable policies, and innovation in both batteries and AI systems.

As the company enters the final quarter of 2025, investors will watch closely for signs of margin recovery and progress on new product lines. The next few quarters will show whether Tesla can balance fast growth with profitability, while staying true to its sustainability mission.

FURTHER READINGS: 

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Amazon and Cascade SMRs: Redefining America’s Clean Energy for AI and Cloud Computing

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Amazon is taking a bold step toward the next frontier of clean energy. In Washington state, the company is helping to build one of the United States’ first small modular reactor (SMR) facilities. This innovative nuclear energy project could redefine how big tech powers artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and data centers.

The upcoming Cascade Advanced Energy Facility will be one of the first commercial SMR sites in the U.S. Developed by Energy Northwest and X-energy, this project represents a major milestone in the shift toward reliable, carbon-free energy for a rapidly digitizing world.

Bob Schuetz, CEO of Energy Northwest, said,

“Today marks a pivotal step forward in bringing this transformative project to life. We are proud to be at the forefront of deploying advanced nuclear technology in the region—driving next-generation solutions that strengthen energy security and position the Pacific Northwest as a clean energy leader.”

global data center energy demand
Source: IEA

Cascade: The Nuclear Powerhouse Behind Amazon’s Digital Future

Amazon’s data centers are the digital backbone of modern life—running AI models, streaming services, and e-commerce systems that demand massive amounts of electricity. As power needs grow, traditional renewable sources like solar and wind alone can’t always meet 24/7 demand. That’s where nuclear energy steps in.

  • The Cascade facility, located near Richland, Washington, will produce up to 960 megawatts (MW) of clean electricity using X-energy’s Xe-100 advanced reactor design.

The project will start with four SMRs generating 320 MW, with expansion plans for up to 12 units. Construction is expected to begin before 2030, with operations commencing in the early 2030s.

Kara Hurst, Chief Sustainability Officer, Amazon, commented:

“Seeing these renderings is truly inspiring, and a reminder that innovation and sustainability go hand in hand. This project isn’t just about new technology; it’s about creating a reliable source of carbon-free energy that will support our growing digital world. I’m excited about the potential of SMRs and the positive impact they will have on both the environment and local communities.”

Here’s a snapshot of the project site:

cascade nuclear smr Amazon
Source: Cascade

SMRs: A Smaller, Safer, and Scalable Future

SMRs represent the next evolution in nuclear energy. They’re designed to be smaller, safer, and faster to deploy than conventional reactors. The modular layout allows facilities like Cascade to scale as demand grows—making it a perfect match for AI-powered data centers that require continuous, high-capacity electricity.

Xe-100 Advanced Reactor Features​

Each Xe-100 reactor will use a High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) and advanced fuel, improving safety and efficiency. The design minimizes the risk of overheating and eliminates the need for large water-cooling systems, which are standard in older nuclear plants.

Key advantages include:

  • 80 MW per reactor module with a 60-year design life.
  • Modular construction allows components to be built off-site and transported via rail or road.
  • Continuous online refueling, reducing downtime, and increasing efficiency.
  • Walk-away safe design with passive safety systems that eliminate the risk of overheating.
  • Fuel that cannot melt, further enhancing safety.

Unlike traditional gigawatt-scale reactors that occupy vast tracts of land, Cascade’s compact design will fit on a few city blocks. Each SMR is modular, which means parts can be factory-built and assembled on-site, reducing costs and construction time.

The environmental advantage is clear: SMRs provide round-the-clock, carbon-free electricity without the intermittency challenges of solar or wind. This makes them a critical piece of the clean energy puzzle for tech-driven economies.

According to J. Clay Sell, CEO of X-energy, said

“The support of Amazon has enabled us to accelerate progress on our technology, grow our team, and position the Cascade Advanced Energy Facility at the forefront of energy innovation.”

Jobs, Training, and Local Benefits

Once the Cascade project is complete, the facility will create over 1,000 construction jobs and more than 100 permanent positions in nuclear operations, engineering, and technical maintenance.

To build a skilled local workforce, Columbia Basin College in Pasco, Washington, is developing an Energy Learning Center with a sophisticated Xe-100 control room simulator. Think of it as a flight simulator for nuclear operators.

The press release also revealed that the simulator will train future plant operators, engineers, and technicians in collaboration with Washington State University Tri-Cities and is set to open in late 2025.

This initiative, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), provides students with hands-on experience in advanced nuclear technology—bridging the gap between classroom learning and real-world careers.

Amazon’s Growing Nuclear Portfolio

Amazon’s investment in Cascade is part of a broader strategy to diversify its clean energy sources. The company has already invested billions of dollars in carbon-free technologies, including nuclear power, through its Climate Pledge Fund.

This fund supports companies developing scalable solutions to decarbonize energy systems. Amazon’s capital investment in X-energy is expected to help bring over 5 gigawatts (GW) of new nuclear capacity to the U.S. grid by 2039—enough to power 3.8 million homes.

Clean Energy Beyond Renewables

Amazon is the world’s largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy, with over 600 clean energy projects operating globally. It had already reached 100% renewable electricity worldwide—seven years ahead of its 2030 goal.

However, as AI and cloud energy demands soar, renewables alone won’t suffice. Amazon’s focus on nuclear underscores a key point: the data-driven future needs constant, scalable, carbon-free power.

According to a DNV report, AI-focused data centers could require 10 times more power over the next five years. Meeting that demand will require a mix of renewables, nuclear, and other carbon-free technologies.

Amazon AI energy demand
Source: Axios

Amazon’s approach is clear: continue expanding renewable energy while also investing in stable, long-duration power sources like SMRs that can provide consistent baseload power. Nuclear energy complements renewables by filling the gaps when solar and wind output fluctuate.

Building the Energy Infrastructure of Tomorrow

The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that global energy demand grew 2.2% in 2024, outpacing the decade’s average. Industrial activity now drives nearly 40% of global electricity use, and the rise of digital services and AI compounds this demand.

Amazon’s nuclear investments aim to meet this target. The Cascade project will not only add clean power to the regional grid but also strengthen the U.S. energy infrastructure and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

IEA nuclear
Source: IEA

Beyond decarbonization, these efforts create economic opportunities for local communities through job creation, tax revenue, and the establishment of a clean energy supply chain in the Pacific Northwest.

Thus, from renewables to nuclear, Amazon’s energy strategy is redefining what it means for technology companies to lead in climate action. As the Cascade facility takes shape, it could become a model for how advanced nuclear energy powers the next phase of the global clean energy transition—fueling both innovation and sustainability, one reactor at a time.

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Microsoft (MSFT) Buys 28,900 Tonnes of CO₂ Removal from UNDO in Landmark Multi-Million-Dollar Deal

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Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) has taken another major step toward its 2030 carbon-negative goal by expanding its partnership with carbon removal company UNDO. The tech giant has agreed to purchase 28,900 tonnes of permanent CO₂ removals, backed by an innovative financing structure from Inlandsis, a Canadian climate fund managed by Fondaction Asset Management.

The deal—estimated to be worth over $5 million based on current Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) credit prices—marks Microsoft’s third and largest purchase from UNDO to date.

It follows earlier commitments in 2023 and 2024, bringing the company’s total removals with UNDO to nearly 49,000 tonnes.

carbon removal ERW
Data Source: Allied Offsets Q1 2025 Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Market Update

Financing the Next Frontier of Carbon Removal

To keep global warming below 1.5°C, the world must remove billions of tonnes of CO₂ from the atmosphere by mid-century. But achieving that scale requires more than promising technology. It demands financing structures that can fund large-scale deployment and reward verified results.

That’s where Inlandsis plays a crucial role. The fund has developed a first-of-its-kind debt financing model to fully support UNDO’s latest ERW project. The structure ensures that capital is deployed in sync with verified progress, effectively tying funding to real-world delivery.

UNDO’s CEO Jim Mann described the model as a turning point for the industry:

“Innovative financing is the catalyst for unlocking gigatonne-scale carbon removal. The support of Inlandsis shows how financial backers can help transform carbon removal into a genuine asset class, one that is scalable, tradable, and investable. By combining financial innovation, strategic partnerships and bleeding-edge science, UNDO is accelerating deployment and delivering both climate and agricultural benefits in Ontario and beyond.” 

By blending financial innovation, strategic partnerships, and rigorous science, UNDO is proving that enhanced rock weathering can be both a credible carbon removal method and an investable business model.

Additionally, the company’s focus on transparent MRV (measurement, reporting, and verification) ensures that every credit sold is backed by evidence and durability.

Microsoft’s Evidence-Backed Commitment

Microsoft’s partnership with UNDO has evolved gradually but strategically—each stage built on verified outcomes and increasing scientific confidence.

  • 2023: Microsoft made its first-ever ERW purchase with a 5,000-tonne agreement.
  • 2024: The company followed up with 15,000 tonnes and additional funding to strengthen scientific measurement and monitoring.
  • 2025: This latest deal for 28,900 tonnes represents the company’s largest ERW investment yet.

The steady growth signals Microsoft’s confidence in the integrity and scalability of enhanced rock weathering. It also reflects a shift in the carbon removal market, where buyers are moving from pilot projects to multi-year, performance-based partnerships.

Phillip Goodman, Director of Microsoft’s Carbon Removal Portfolio, underscored the importance of science-led delivery,

“Enhanced rock weathering is a promising pathway to gigatonne-scale carbon removal. UNDO’s commitment to scientific rigour gives us confidence in both the durability of these credits and their role in helping Microsoft achieve its goal of being carbon negative by 2030.”

For Microsoft, this approach ensures that every tonne purchased represents verified, durable removal—not speculative offsets. The company’s portfolio strategy emphasizes transparency, permanence, and continuous improvement.

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Backing UNDO: Insurance-Enabled, Bankable Carbon Solutions

For Inlandsis, the UNDO deal marks two significant milestones: it is the fund’s first ERW investment and its first Canadian project under its second climate fund. These achievements underscore how carbon finance is evolving—shifting from traditional offset models to evidence-backed removal financing.

David Moffat, Managing Director at Inlandsis, said the project highlights a new direction for climate investment:

“This strategic and innovative deal strengthens the growing relationship between Microsoft and UNDO while advancing the critical fight against climate change. It also reflects our commitment to financing credible, scalable carbon solutions in Canada and beyond.”

Adding another layer of security, the deal is underwritten by CFC, a specialized insurance provider for the carbon markets. CFC’s involvement de-risks the transaction by ensuring compensation if project milestones aren’t met—an emerging best practice in carbon finance.

Such insurance-backed financing is becoming a cornerstone for scaling carbon removal. It gives both investors and lenders the confidence to fund long-term projects, accelerating deployment and making climate solutions bankable.

A Replicable Model for the Carbon Market

This financing structure is designed to meet the needs of all players in the carbon ecosystem:

  • Buyers like Microsoft get verified, durable credits with transparent evidence.
  • Lenders gain confidence through milestone-based repayment tied to credit issuance.
  • Farmers benefit from predictable, low-disruption operations that align with agricultural cycles.

By ensuring that capital flows only after verified results, the model turns projected tonnes into measured, issued removals. It’s a practical, transparent framework that can be replicated across regions and scales.

UNDO’s growing list of partners—Microsoft, Barclays, British Airways, and McLaren—illustrates strong corporate demand for high-integrity removals. Each new deal builds capacity for UNDO’s operations, allowing it to scale faster while maintaining scientific rigor.

Ground-Level Action: Every Rock, Every Acre, Every Record

Under the new agreement, UNDO will deploy 90,000 tonnes of crushed wollastonite, a calcium silicate rock, across 30,000 acres of Canadian farmland. The operation is designed to fit seamlessly within normal farming practices, using existing machinery and scheduled around planting and harvest.

The delivery process is transparent and data-rich:

  • Equipment is calibrated and GPS-tracked.
  • Every load of rock is logged and verified.
  • Soil and porewater samples are collected at multiple intervals and analyzed in accredited labs.
  • Each sample follows a strict chain of custody from field to lab to final data report.

These steps ensure that every credit issued represents real, measured carbon removal. UNDO’s system links field operations with verified outcomes, providing partners with full traceability from quarry to credit.

UNDO’s ERW process

Science-Led, Evidence-Based Removals

Enhanced rock weathering accelerates a natural process where CO₂ reacts with silicate minerals in rock, forming stable carbonates that lock away carbon for thousands of years.

UNDO’s science-first approach ensures that every aspect—from sampling design to lab analysis—is statistically sound and auditable. Sampling plans are written in advance for accuracy, include control plots, and specify precise locations and timing for collection.

Once samples are analyzed, results go through multiple quality control checks, and data are tied to GPS coordinates and timestamps. Life-cycle emissions from quarrying, transportation, and spreading are subtracted, and uncertainty margins are conservatively applied before credits are issued.

Issuance happens only after independent verification, meaning each credit represents net carbon removed, not just projected outcomes. This evidence-led methodology helps ensure transparency and credibility, both essential for scaling trust in the carbon market.

A Blueprint for Scalable Carbon Removal

This partnership between Microsoft, UNDO, and Inlandsis represents a powerful new model for how the carbon removal sector can grow. It combines long-term purchasing commitments, performance-linked finance, scientific validation, and insurance-backed assurance into one scalable framework.

The collaboration also offers a clear path for other companies and investors: pair proven carbon removal science with structured, delivery-based finance to accelerate real climate impact.

As UNDO expands operations, its combination of practical field deployment, scientific transparency, and financial accountability will serve as a blueprint for scaling carbon removal across geographies.

The next phase is focused on steady execution—planning rock supply, coordinating farm deployments, and sharing verified progress through public reporting. Each season adds data, strengthens methodologies, and builds confidence in the durability of ERW as a global climate tool.

The Surge in Verified Removals Signals Market Maturity

Microsoft’s (MSFT stock) $5 million partnership with UNDO is a signal of market maturity. It shows how science-based removal, innovative finance, and transparent delivery can work together to build a credible, investable carbon market.

Allied Offsets data showed that in the first quarter of 2025, around 780,000 CDR credits were contracted — a surge of 122% compared to the same period in 2024.

Additionally, 16 million credits were sold in the first six months of 2025 – marking it the strongest start to a year so far. The momentum is fueled by major buyers like Microsoft, aiming to be carbon negative by 2030. Also rise in biomass-based removal methods that are reshaping corporate offset strategies is contributing to the growth.

Market Highlights 

carbon removal Microsoft
Source: Allied offsets

As the world races to reach net zero, this deal stands out as a real-world example of progress: a partnership that delivers measured, permanent carbon removal, financed and verified with integrity.

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The post Microsoft (MSFT) Buys 28,900 Tonnes of CO₂ Removal from UNDO in Landmark Multi-Million-Dollar Deal appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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