CORSIA, managed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), requires airlines to monitor and report their emissions, allowing them to purchase emission reduction units, also called carbon credits, if they exceed a set baseline.
The program updates impact both airlines and the carbon market, signalling which credits are eligible and influencing future market purchases.
What Are the New CORSIA Updates?
Recently, CORSIA reviewed and approved six carbon credit standards for its first phase. These include Winrock International’s American Carbon Registry and Architecture for REDD+ Transactions, which were approved without exclusions.
The Climate Action Reserve (CAR), Global Carbon Council (GCC), the Gold Standard, and Verra’s VCS program, were conditionally approved while CDM didn’t qualify for Phase I.
CORSIA allows credits from 2021 onwards with a corresponding adjustment to avoid double counting. This adjustment ensures that credits used for CORSIA don’t overlap with a country’s emission reduction goals under the Paris Agreement.
The mechanism ensures that the allocation of the credits represents real carbon reduction activity and sales, boosting carbon market integrity.
The CORSIA’s Technical Advisory Body (TAB) recommendations from the review influence the market by increasing demand for approved credits. This doesn’t only cover the airlines but also signals other buyers to consider the credits “best-in-class”.
This will affect credits currently available and the future ones, driving up demand in both cases. However, some high-quality credits endorsed by ICROA are not accepted under CORSIA, affecting their eligibility.
Apart from the reassessment, the TAB will also assess any new applications for standards that hadn’t already been approved. The ICAO Council will officially take into account TAB’s recommendations this fall after assessing new credit standard applications.
How Should Airlines Take The Changes?
For airlines preparing for CORSIA’s upcoming phases, it’s important to align their credit strategy with the TAB recommendations for compliance. They need to ensure they make CORSIA-compliant purchases before the true-up deadlines.
For the pilot phase (2021-2023), airlines don’t need to show compliance until January 31, 2025. For phase I (2024-2026), the deadline is January 31, 2028. To meet these deadlines, airlines should plan credit purchases well ahead to avoid any risks.
Due to CORSIA’s multi-year requirements, airlines might consider multi-year purchasing agreements to secure their credits. These agreements should align with both the pilot phase and phase I standards.
While some standards are conditionally approved for phase I, like VCS and Gold Standard, they’re likely to receive full approval.
It’s important to note that credits meeting post-2021 criteria are not yet available. Airlines can fulfill pilot phase purchasing requirements under the existing standards but need to wait for phase I eligible credits. Any long-term deals should consider these factors and specify the qualifying years.
To effectively implement a credit purchasing strategy, clear communication and internal education within airlines are crucial. Airlines should anticipate delays in the availability of Phase I credits, likely not until 2024 at the earliest.
Additionally, CORSIA eligibility rules may increase demand and prices for these credits, so airlines should budget accordingly.
The ICAO estimated the costs from CORSIA offsetting for airline operators as shown in the following chart. This is under the assumption that carbon prices range from a low of $6 – $12 to a high of $20 – $40 per tonne of CO2.
What Are the Effects on Non-Airline Credit Buyers?
Airlines aren’t the only ones affected by CORSIA – the program also impacts those buying carbon credits beyond airlines.
As airlines rush to buy these credits, the limited market will see growing demand, leading to higher prices. Non-airline buyers might also view TAB recommendations as a sign of credit quality, increasing demand for CORSIA-eligible credits and their prices.
For those using CORSIA-approved credits in their carbon strategy, it’s smart to watch these market changes. Adjusting budgets, keeping stakeholders informed, and buying credits well ahead of deadlines can help prepare for these shifts.
While some high-quality credits aren’t eligible under CORSIA, they might meet other standards like the ICVCM’s Core Carbon Principles. These principles are still new but more information will be available on this framework and how the CORSIA credits will be aligned under it.
Balancing CORSIA-eligible credits with quality non-CORSIA ones (like Plan Vivo or Puro.earth credits) can help manage budget and availability issues caused by CORSIA. This mix allows better predictions of availability and less impact from price changes.
Stakeholders who value CORSIA credits might face increased demand and prices. To manage this, they might buy CORSIA credits being assessed by the ICVCM early. This way, they can avoid potential demand impacts caused by meeting the Core Carbon Principles’ criteria.
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It’s important for credit buyers to discuss how they see CORSIA’s impact on credit quality with stakeholders.
Some might follow CORSIA’s lead strictly, so it’s wise to avoid buying CDM credits to match their preferences. Others might be more flexible, choosing more non-CORSIA credits to reduce risk when buying.
CORSIA’s latest review of carbon credit standards signifies a pivotal moment for airlines and non-airline buyers alike. Credit buyers should adapt their strategies to account for increased demand, pricing shifts, and explore a balanced mix of CORSIA-eligible and other high-quality credits to show commitment to real carbon reduction.
The post 6 Carbon Credit Standards Approved Under CORSIA’s Phase 1 Updates appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Fentanyl Threats, AI, and National Security – ARMR Sciences’ Unified Approach
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Fentanyl is devastating American communities at a record pace, with more than 220 deaths every day. Synthetic opioids accounted for over 70,000 U.S. fatalities in 2023, and their impact now extends beyond public health into national security.
At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing in ways that could allow adversaries to design new synthetic drugs or bioweapons faster than regulators and security agencies can respond. Coupled with the political weight fentanyl carries in Washington, the U.S. faces a multidimensional challenge.
ARMR Sciences underscores why prevention, innovation, and leadership can align to shield America from this emerging and evolving threat.
Escalating National Security Concerns
Fentanyl’s extraordinary potency – up to 50 times stronger than heroin – makes even trace exposure lethal. Its supply chains cross borders, complicating law enforcement and fueling instability at home.
ARMR Sciences emphasizes that enforcement alone cannot resolve the crisis. Without proactive prevention strategies, the nation risks a deepening cycle of addiction, death, and weakened resilience.
Technology at the Crossroads
AI has the potential to transform healthcare and logistics, but also carries risks of misuse. Researchers showed that advanced AI models could generate tens of thousands of psychoactive compound blueprints in just hours – a dangerous acceleration of synthetic chemistry.
National security leaders, including AI pioneers, warn that adversaries could exploit these tools. ARMR Sciences argues for robust biodefense strategies that include strict controls on sensitive algorithms, enhanced detection systems, and proactive investment in prevention technologies.
Political Pressure and Policy Response
The fentanyl crisis has become a defining issue in U.S. politics, shaping debates on border security, healthcare, and law enforcement funding. Deaths have risen by more than 20% annually since 2019, amplifying public and political demands for action.
ARMR Sciences emphasizes that bipartisan cooperation and evidence-based policymaking are essential to prevent partisan gridlock. Recognizing fentanyl as both a health and security issue can unite leaders behind more effective prevention measures.
ARMR Sciences – A Prevention-Focused Framework
Across each dimension – fentanyl’s deadly toll, AI’s potential misuse, and the political battle for solutions – ARMR Sciences underscores a common theme: prevention is the most effective defense. This means deploying early warning systems, advancing detection capabilities, integrating data-driven tools, and strengthening community resilience before crises escalate.
It also means ensuring that AI innovation develops with responsible guardrails, while national security agencies adapt to evolving synthetic threats. Prevention is not passive; it requires deliberate action, investment, and leadership.
So, Why Should Investors Pay Attention to ARMR’s Solution?
For investors, ARMR represents an opportunity to back a company working to address the convergence of fentanyl’s deadly impact, AI’s potential misuse, and the urgent need for prevention.
Its platform is built on years of defense-backed research and is advancing innovative biotechnology programs:
- Seven years of DoD-supported science established the foundation of ARMR’s platform
- Lead candidate ARMR-100 blocked 92% of fentanyl from entering the brain in preclinical (animal) studies
- A $30M private raise is currently underway
- Plans for a targeted exchange listing in 2026 are in place, subject to market conditions
By investing in this round, investors have a chance to support ARMR as it works to build a potentially category-defining role in AI-powered biodefense.
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Carbon Footprint
Solar Now the World’s Cheapest Energy, Powering the Clean Transition
Solar energy has officially claimed the title of the world’s most affordable source of electricity. According to new research from the University of Surrey’s Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), solar power now costs as little as £0.02 per kilowatt-hour in the sunniest regions.
The study, published in Energy and Environmental Materials, highlights how solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has transformed from a niche innovation into the backbone of the global clean energy revolution.
As countries race to cut carbon emissions and combat climate change, the rapidly falling cost of solar power is unlocking access to clean energy on an unprecedented scale.
Solar Becomes the Cornerstone of a Low-Carbon Future
Professor Ravi Silva, co-author of the study and Director of the ATI, emphasized that even in less sunny nations like the UK, solar power has become the most cost-effective option for large-scale generation.
He precisely noted,
“Even here in the UK, a country that sits 50 degrees north of the equator, solar is the cheapest option for large-scale energy generation. Globally, the total amount of solar power installed passed 1.5 terawatts in 2024 – twice as much as in 2020 and enough to power hundreds of millions of homes. Simply put, this technology is no longer a moonshot prospect but a foundational part of the resilient, low-carbon energy future that we all want to bring to reality.”
This milestone shows that solar energy is no longer experimental. It’s a proven cornerstone of the low-carbon future the world is building toward.
Alongside solar, the cost of lithium-ion batteries—key to storing renewable power—has dropped by a staggering 89% since 2010. This sharp decline has made solar-plus-storage systems a competitive alternative to conventional gas-fired power plants.
Global Solar Costs Fall Over 80% in a Decade
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the global weighted-average levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for utility-scale solar PV dropped by over 80% between 2010 and 2023. In sun-rich regions, it now costs as little as $0.03 per kilowatt-hour—making it the cheapest source of new electricity generation worldwide.
This steep decline stems from a mix of technological, economic, and policy factors. Breakthroughs in solar cell efficiency, bifacial modules, and tracking systems have dramatically boosted energy output.
China’s Role in Falling Clean Energy Costs
Meanwhile, bigger economies, especially from large-scale manufacturing in China, have lowered hardware and installation costs.
Bloomberg also expects the cost of clean energy technologies, i.e., solar, wind, and battery storage, to drop further in 2025. It could be falling 2–11% and breaking last year’s records. In almost every part of the world, new solar and wind farms are now cheaper to build and operate than new coal or gas plants
Significantly, China’s overcapacity in clean tech has led some countries to impose import tariffs, temporarily slowing cost declines. Still, BNEF expects levelized costs for clean energy to fall 22–49% by 2035, keeping renewables on track for long-term growth.
- Battery storage costs dropped a third in 2024 to $104/MWh, driven by oversupply from slower EV sales, with prices expected to cross $100/MWh in 2025.
- Fixed-axis solar farms fell 21% globally, while wind and solar generation costs are projected to decline another 4% and 2%. It ensures clean energy remains cheaper than fossil fuels.

- ALSO READ: Renewable Energy Investment Reaches Record High as China Operates World’s Biggest Solar Farm
Storage Revolution: Solar Power Around the Clock
The global energy storage boom has turned solar from an intermittent resource into a 24-hour power solution. It’s because of the massive cost reductions in batteries, solar-plus-storage systems can now compete head-to-head with gas-fired plants.
However, challenges remain in connecting large volumes of solar power to existing grids. Regions like California and China have already experienced energy curtailment due to grid congestion when solar output exceeds demand.
Dr. Ehsan Rezaee, co-author of the University of Surrey study, noted that “smart grids, artificial intelligence forecasting, and stronger regional interconnections will be essential to maintain power system stability as renewable adoption grows.”
Global Policy Boosts vs. U.S. Uncertainty
Supportive policy frameworks are key to sustaining solar’s momentum. In Europe, the Green Deal and RePowerEU initiatives have simplified permitting and set aggressive renewable targets.
India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, meanwhile, is strengthening local solar manufacturing to reduce dependence on imports. These measures are not only cutting carbon emissions but also advancing energy security, job creation, and economic growth.
International partnerships, such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), continue to drive collaboration, knowledge exchange, and capacity building, particularly in developing nations that stand to benefit most from affordable solar energy.
OBBBA: Dimming the Sunshine
However, the story is slightly different in the U.S. In July 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), which speeds up the phase-out or early termination of most renewable energy tax credits and clean energy incentives established under the IRA.
As a result, U.S. clean energy incentives are being rapidly scaled back, with many tax credits set to expire or face new restrictions and deadlines, creating significant uncertainty for investors and project developers.
Breakthrough Technologies Drive the Next Wave
Solar technology innovation is accelerating at record speed. Researchers at the University of Sydney recently achieved a world-first breakthrough with a 16 cm² triple-junction perovskite solar cell delivering 23.3% efficiency for large-area devices. A smaller version reached 27.06% efficiency—the highest globally—and retained 95% performance after 400 hours of continuous operation.
Perovskite solar cells could revolutionize the market by boosting energy output by up to 50% without expanding land use. They can be made as thin, flexible films at lower temperatures than traditional silicon panels, cutting production costs significantly. Over the past decade, perovskite efficiency has soared from 3% to over 25%, with tandem cells poised to exceed 30%. These innovations will further drive down solar costs and expand applications across rooftops, vehicles, and portable systems.
Solar Dominates Future Renewable Growth
The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts that global renewable capacity will double by 2030—adding 4,600 gigawatts (GW), equivalent to the combined power generation capacity of China, the EU, and Japan.
- Solar PV will account for nearly 80% of this growth, followed by wind, hydropower, and bioenergy.

According to DNV’s latest Energy Transition Outlook, global solar capacity is expected to surpass 3,000 GW by the end of 2025, with China holding 47% and Europe 20%. It further highlights:
- Solar already generates about 10% of the world’s electricity and is projected to reach 20% by 2029 and 40% by 2045.
- Behind-the-meter (BTM) solar used by households and businesses is also on the rise and is expected to make up 30% of total solar generation by 2060.
- Wind power is projected to nearly double to over 2,000 GW by 2030, but solar remains the lowest-cost option in most markets.
India is emerging as the second-fastest renewables market after China, advancing its 2030 targets. Expanded auctions and rapid rooftop solar growth contribute to the solar boom.
However, the world still falls short of the COP28 goal to triple renewable capacity by 2030, achieving about a 2.6-fold increase from 2022 levels. Closing this gap will require continued investment, innovation, and political will.
Building a Resilient Solar Future
As solar continues to dominate the global energy landscape, integration challenges must not be ignored. Expanding transmission networks, deploying digital grid management tools, and investing in advanced materials will be crucial.
Professor Silva emphasizes that sustained policy backing and continued innovation will determine how quickly the world transitions to a clean, resilient energy future.
The Renewable Energy Institute applauds solar’s rise as the cheapest source of electricity and continues to provide accredited training to build the skills needed to sustain this momentum.
Thus, from record-low costs to record-breaking efficiency, solar energy is reshaping the global energy system faster than anyone imagined. Its combination of affordability, scalability, and innovation is driving the clean energy transition forward.
The question now isn’t if solar will dominate, but how quickly the world can harness its full potential.
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Carbon Footprint
Renewables 2025: How China, the US, Europe, and India Are Leading the World’s Clean Energy Growth
The world’s renewable energy sector has entered a new phase of record growth. According to the International Energy Agency’s Renewables 2025 report, global renewable power capacity grew by more than 510 gigawatts (GW) in 2024 — the fastest increase ever recorded. Another 520 GW is expected to be added in 2025, pushing renewables to account for over 90% of all new global power capacity.
Solar and wind dominate this growth. By 2025, solar will account for nearly three-quarters of new installations. This growth comes from cheaper technology, improved grid integration, and supportive policies. Wind power is also recovering after a slowdown in 2022–2023, supported by new offshore projects in Europe, China, and the United States.
The IEA says the world’s total renewable capacity will reach nearly 5,800 GW by 2025, up from around 4,200 GW in 2023. That means renewables now generate about 30% of global electricity and are on track to reach 42–45% by 2030.
Four regions — China, Europe, the United States, and India — are responsible for almost 90% of this global expansion. Each is moving at a different pace, but together they are transforming how the world produces and consumes energy.
Europe: Accelerating the Energy Transition
Europe continues to lead in energy policy and innovation. In 2024, the European Union added more than 70 GW of new renewable capacity, driven mainly by solar. This is a record year. It shows the bloc’s goal to cut reliance on imported fossil fuels. They aim to meet their Green Deal target of a 55% emissions reduction by 2030.
Solar capacity across the EU doubled between 2020 and 2024, reaching over 300 GW, while wind capacity passed 220 GW. The IEA predicts that Europe will add 450 GW of renewables from 2025 to 2030. This will raise the total capacity to almost 870 GW by the end of the decade.
Much of this growth is tied to the REPowerEU plan, which aims to speed up permitting and expand rooftop solar. Offshore wind is gaining popularity. Countries like Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands are investing in North Sea projects.
Despite progress, Europe faces challenges. Delays in grid expansion and limited local manufacturing capacity for wind turbines have created supply bottlenecks. Even so, strong policy support and high carbon prices still make renewables the best choice for power generation.
United States: Policy Support and Private Investment Drive Expansion
The United States is entering a period of major renewable growth, supported by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and record private investment. The IEA expects the U.S. to add around 400 GW of new renewable capacity by 2030, effectively doubling its current base.
In 2024, U.S. solar installations rose by nearly 40%, reaching 45 GW for the year. Solar now accounts for the largest share of new capacity additions. Wind power also recovered, with onshore and offshore projects expanding in Texas, California, and along the East Coast.
Renewables currently generate about 26% of U.S. electricity, up from 22% in 2022. The IEA projects this share will climb to over 40% by 2030, driven by federal tax incentives and falling technology costs.
Battery storage is another fast-growing sector. Storage capacity doubled between 2023 and 2024, helping stabilize variable solar and wind output. The IRA’s clean energy credits could draw over $400 billion in investments by 2032. This boost will help generate energy and support U.S. manufacturing of solar panels and turbines.
Challenges remain. The U.S. needs to modernize its grid and streamline permitting for transmission lines to connect renewable projects to demand centers. But the direction is clear — renewables are becoming the backbone of America’s energy system.
China: The Global Powerhouse of Renewables
China remains the undisputed leader in renewable energy growth. The IEA projects that China will account for about 60% of all new renewable capacity added worldwide by 2030.
In 2024 alone, China installed more than 260 GW of new renewables — more than the rest of the world combined. Solar made up the majority of this, with over 190 GW of solar capacity added during the year.
Wind power grew by 60 GW. China kept building big onshore and offshore projects in Inner Mongolia, coastal areas, and deserts.
China now has an estimated 1,400 GW of total renewable capacity, representing about half of the global total. Renewables already supply more than 35% of China’s electricity, up from 27% in 2020.
Government policy is the key driver. China aims to reach 1,200 GW of combined solar and wind capacity by 2030, a target it is likely to achieve five years early. The country’s large manufacturing base keeps equipment prices low globally. This helps other regions grow their clean energy fleets.
Still, integration challenges persist. Some provinces face grid congestion and curtailment — when renewable power can’t be used due to transmission limits. The IEA recommends that China continue to invest in grid upgrades and flexible storage systems to handle its rapid growth.
India: The Fastest-Growing Emerging Market for Renewables
India is now the fastest-growing renewable energy market among developing economies. The IEA expects India’s renewable capacity to nearly double between 2023 and 2030, expanding from around 190 GW to 360–380 GW.
Solar energy is leading the charge. In 2024, India added more than 17 GW of solar capacity, supported by large auctions and declining costs. Wind capacity also grew modestly, and new hybrid projects combining solar and wind are improving reliability.
The government’s goal is ambitious: 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030, which would cover about 50% of total power demand. India is also expanding its domestic solar manufacturing base to reduce dependence on imports.
Hydropower and bioenergy continue to play supporting roles, particularly in rural electrification. The IEA reports that renewable energy in India cuts over 250 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions each year. This makes India a major player in global emission reductions, second only to China.
However, financing and grid infrastructure remain key hurdles. The report notes that India needs annual clean energy investments of about $60–70 billion through 2030 to meet its targets.
The chart below compares renewable energy capacity in 2024 vs. 2030 projections for the four key regions, based on the IEA Renewables 2025 report.

It clearly shows China’s dominant position, followed by steady growth in Europe and the U.S., and rapid expansion in India’s renewable capacity by the end of the decade.
The Decade of Clean Power: A Turning Point for Global Energy
The combined momentum of China, Europe, the United States, and India is reshaping global energy markets. Together, these four regions will account for almost 90% of all renewable capacity growth by 2030.
The pie chart shows each region’s share of total global renewable capacity additions from 2024 to 2030, based on the IEA forecast. It also shows how dominant China remains in driving renewable expansion, while Europe, the U.S., and India together account for about one-third of the world’s clean-energy growth.

Global renewable electricity capacity is expected to surpass 6,200 GW in 2025 and reach 8,300 GW by 2030 — roughly triple the total in 2015. Solar will remain the dominant source, followed by wind and hydropower.
Yet challenges persist. The IEA warns that grid constraints, permitting delays, and uneven financing could slow progress in developing economies. To stay on track for the net-zero pathway, annual renewable additions must rise to around 800 GW per year by 2030.
Still, the direction is clear. The world is entering a decade where clean power becomes the main driver of growth, investment, and energy security. The actions of these four key players will determine how fast the transition happens and how close we come to a truly sustainable global energy system.
- FURTHER READING: Renewable Energy Investment Reaches Record High as China Operates World’s Biggest Solar Farm
The post Renewables 2025: How China, the US, Europe, and India Are Leading the World’s Clean Energy Growth appeared first on Carbon Credits.
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