Connect with us

Published

on

In recent years, discussions around the impact of climate change on mental health have tended to focus on climate anxiety.

This distress regarding the future of the Earth and humanity in the face of global warming is, however, far from the full picture.

Research is helping to build a better understanding of the damage that climate change, particularly extreme heat, can cause to mental health.

The latest assessment report on climate impacts from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded with very high confidence that rising global temperatures have “adversely affected” mental health in regions around the world. 

Research indicates that heatwaves can trigger increases in both the hospitalisation of people with mental-health challenges and emergency psychiatric visits. People with pre-existing mental-health problems also have an increased risk of dying during periods of high temperatures. 

In addition, suicide rates have been shown to increase in higher temperatures and are expected to rise in a warmer world – although the links with climate change are complex and compounded by other factors.  

Despite these research findings, significant gaps remain in understanding the biological, psychological, social and environmental interactions between mental health and heat.

And policymakers have a huge amount of ground to make up, with mental health barely featuring in climate-related policies and commitments around the world.

How heat can affect mental health

Being in the midst of a heatwave can feel all encompassing. Generally, being hot and uncomfortable can affect a person’s mood, leading some to feel more irritable and stressed. This can have a knock-on effect on behaviour. For example, research shows that people are more likely to tweet negative comments during a heatwave.

Extreme heat can have even more significant implications for sleep. Research shows that warming nights are eroding human sleep globally – and the effect is three times larger for residents of lower-income countries. 

While lost sleep in hot and humid conditions is unpleasant for anyone, for those with mental health problems, poor sleep carries a real risk of making them worse.

Nonetheless, not all heat is bad for mental health. Many people believe that they are happier on sunny days and some research agrees.

For example, a 2023 study in Switzerland found that, in the general population, mood tends to improve as temperatures get warmer. However, the study also found that the opposite is true for people with anxiety, depression and psychosis, who were more likely to experience low mood.

Impacts of extreme heat

The impact of extreme heat on an individual’s mood has implications for social behaviours and interactions.

There is a growing body of research linking extreme heat with an increase in violent behaviour, such as homicides, sexual violence and assaults, which – in turn – can negatively impact mental health.

For example, a study conducted in India, Nepal and Pakistan found that with each 1C increase in the annual temperature there was a 4.5% increase in violent acts. This finding alone is an indicator that heat affects a person’s psychology, but there are so many other factors that need to be considered.

There are other possible social drivers that may explain this link. People living with pre-existing mental-health problems may be more vulnerable to the impact of extreme heat due to societal factors that put them at increased risk.

Due to the relationship between mental-health problems and poverty, people living with mental-health conditions may be more likely to live in less energy-efficient housing, have less access to adaptation mechanisms such as air conditioning, be more socially isolated, or work in occupations that increase their exposure to extreme heat.

Finally, certain medications for mental-health problems – such as some antidepressants or antipsychotics – may disrupt the body’s ability to regulate temperature, meaning that people taking these medications may be more vulnerable in high temperatures. This may explain why people taking these medications have been found to be at higher risk of being hospitalised or dying during heatwaves.

One patient in the UK taking antipsychotics – medication for mental-health problems where symptoms include psychotic experiences – was quoted last year in the BMJ explaining how they were affected by extreme heat. They said:

“[F]or many summers I had also noticed that I struggled to tolerate the heat as the UK weather grew more extreme. I would sweat profusely, my skin would feel clammy, and I would feel very tired, irritable and would struggle to think…I had no idea this was related to my medication.”

Prescribing appropriate medications for certain mental-health conditions and ensuring people taking them are protected from the potential negative impacts of heat represents an important clinical and policy priority.

Research gaps

To date, most studies on climate change and mental health have been conducted in Europe, North America and Australia. This means that there are huge gaps in research for the global south, which is facing some of the most severe impacts of climate change.

A new project called Connecting Climate Minds, which Wellcome funds, aims to develop a research and action agenda on climate change and mental health. As part of this project, 900 people shared their experiences on the impact that climate change is having on mental health around the world. 

One of them is Laila, a teacher working in Jordan. She has been suffering from stress, anxiety and depression. At its worst, she confesses that she struggles to teach and finds communicating with the children very difficult.

Over the past few years, these episodes have become more frequent and severe. Her psychologist noticed that Laila’s mental health seemed to worsen during the country’s extreme heatwaves – something that is becoming more and more common in the region.

Watch her interview in full below.

Wellcome is also set to launch a funding call later this year focusing on uncovering the mechanisms underpinning the association between heat and mental health among the most affected communities worldwide.

The aim is to help build global understanding of the biological, psychological, environmental and social links around extreme heat, which will in turn inform better climate resilient solutions and mental health interventions.

Policymaking lagging behind

As with research, there are gaps in policymaking on mental health and climate change.

Most countries do not currently consider mental health within climate change policies, such as heat action plans. At present, only 3% of the climate pledges submitted by national governments under the Paris Agreement mention mental health.

South Australia is among the few states already doing this. The South Australian warning system incorporates public heat warnings, health advisories and targeted support for at-risk groups including those with mental-health conditions, ensuring that they can access help if needed. In Athens, a city exposed to more frequent and severe heatwaves, psychologists are being deployed to support older adults experiencing loneliness in the heat.

Nature-based policies that improve access to green and blue spaces and transport policies that encourage active modes of transport have also been shown to have co benefits for mental health and the environment.

However, for now, climate change represents one of the biggest threats to physical and mental health globally. Extreme heat is deadlier than hurricanes, floods and tornadoes combined. Heat stress can exacerbate underlying illnesses – such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma – and can increase the risk of accidents and transmission of some infectious diseases. And this is not considering the huge hidden cost of increasing cases of poor mental health.

Research on how climate change is impacting mental health remains limited and disconnected. A better understanding of how and why extreme heat is negatively impacting mental health will be essential to achieve a world where no one is held back by mental health problems, even in the context of a changing climate.

The post Guest post: The growing problem of how extreme heat damages mental health appeared first on Carbon Brief.

Guest post: The growing problem of how extreme heat damages mental health

Continue Reading

Climate Change

Major oil producers among 46 nations joining fossil fuel phase-out summit

Published

on

Forty-six countries, including major oil, coal and gas producers such as Canada, Australia, Brazil and Norway, have confirmed they will attend next month’s first conference on speeding up the global shift from fossil fuels, the Colombian government said on Tuesday.

The summit, being held in the Colombian port city of Santa Marta from April 24-29, aims to cement an international coalition of nations committed to ending the world’s reliance on planet-heating oil, coal and natural gas. 

The conference represents an “unprecedented opportunity” for the energy transition as it brings hydrocarbon-producing nations together with fossil fuel consumers and countries at the forefront of the climate crisis, Colombia’s acting environment minister, Irene Vélez Torres, said in a statement.

“Despite our differences, all participants agree on the need to prioritize science and to move forward, urgently and in a coordinated manner, toward phasing out the production and consumption of natural gas, coal, and oil,” she added.

    Who is going to Santa Marta?

    Canada is the largest fossil fuel producer confirmed to attend. The country accounts for roughly 6% of global oil output and 5% of gas production, with both sectors expanding over the past decade, according to the Energy Institute.

    Its powerful fossil fuel industry continues to push for increased production and new export markets, particularly in Asia. However, further investment risks creating stranded assets, according to a recent report by Carbon Tracker. Canada’s latest national climate plan did not include any concrete measures to curb its fossil fuel production.

    Australia will also be represented in Santa Marta as co-host of the COP31 climate summit. One of the world’s largest exporters of coal and liquefied natural gas, Australia supplies energy-hungry markets across Asia. The centre-left government led by Anthony Albanese has approved 36 new or extended fossil fuel projects since taking office in 2022, according to the Climate Council.

    Fellow COP31 co-host Turkey is also set to attend. Despite growing investment in renewables, the country remains heavily reliant on coal power. Murat Kurum, the incoming COP31 president, said last month that emissions cuts should not come at the expense of economic growth. “We cannot simplify things down to only fossil fuels,” he said.

    Norway, another participant, has built its wealth on oil and gas exports and has become a key supplier to Europe following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. While positioning itself as a climate leader, Norway argues its relatively low-emissions production can help meet demand during the transition, a stance critics say undermines global efforts to phase out fossil fuels.

    The list of participants also includes Brazil and Mexico, both among the world’s top oil producers; Angola, one of Africa’s leading oil exporters; Senegal, which only began producing oil two years ago; and Trinidad and Tobago, where hydrocarbons generate around half of government revenue. Vietnam remains heavily dependent on coal for power generation but is working with wealthy nations to accelerate a shift to renewables.

    Notably absent are the world’s largest fossil fuel producers and consumers, including the United States, Saudi Arabia and Russia, which together account for nearly half of global oil production. The biggest coal producers, China and India, are also not on the current list of participants.

    Attendees also include nations that are highly vulnerable to the climate crisis primarily caused by burning fossil fuels, including island nations Palau, Fiji and Vanuatu, and Sierra Leone.

    More momentum than commitments

    The Santa Marta conference is expected to deliver political momentum rather than binding commitments, with organisers aiming to launch a “coalition of the willing” to advance a fossil fuel phase-out outside the constraints of UN consensus negotiations.

    The outcomes of the summit are also expected to inform discussions at COP31, where an informal roadmap to transition away from fossil fuels drafted by the Brazilian COP30 team is expected to be delivered.

    Ugandan farmers use British court to try to stop East Africa oil pipeline

    Andreas Sieber, head of political strategy at campaign group 350.org, told Climate Home News that “starting with a coalition of doers creates momentum”.

    “This also comes at a critical point in time, when ordinary people bear the cost of fossil fuel volatility and geopolitical shocks,” he added. “These countries can demonstrate what credible transition looks like and compel others to follow”.

    Colombia’s Vélez Torres said last week that the global energy shock triggered by the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran could give countries the chance to build a “new geopolitical balance” by boosting the transition away from fossil fuels.

    The post Major oil producers among 46 nations joining fossil fuel phase-out summit appeared first on Climate Home News.

    Major oil producers among 46 nations joining fossil fuel phase-out summit

    Continue Reading

    Climate Change

    Ocean Treaty passes Australian Parliament, a “historic moment” for nature protection

    Published

    on

    CANBERRA, Tuesday 31 March 2026 — Greenpeace Australia Pacific has welcomed the Parliament’s ratification of the Global Ocean Treaty, creating the opportunity for world-first high seas ocean sanctuaries.

    Environment Minister Murray Watt today announced the treaty, the most significant global nature protection agreement in a decade, will be ratified by the Australian parliament. The bill has now passed the Senate and House of Representatives with support from the major parties, clearing the final hurdle towards ratification.

    David Ritter, CEO at Greenpeace Australia Pacific, said: “Ratifying the Global Ocean Treaty is genuinely historic. At a time of unprecedented pressure from destructive industrial fishing, severe climate impacts, plastic pollution and mining, Australia has chosen to join the global effort to protect our magnificent oceans.”

    Australia was one of the first countries to sign its intent to ratify the treaty in 2023, and we have a long and distinguished history of leadership on global ocean protection. Under the new treaty Australia has the necessary legal tools to drive the creation of high seas ocean sanctuaries.

    “The Global Ocean Treaty is the most significant global nature agreement for many years, and has the power to protect the world’s high seas and safeguard precious and endangered wildlife,” Ritter added.

    “With the Treaty now in force, Australia has an important opportunity to drive the creation of ocean sanctuaries on the high seas that are fully protected, no-take zones, which will allow wildlife populations to recover and thrive.

    “We thrill at the whales and albatross, and all of the animals of the deep wild oceans, great and small–and now the world has the legal ability to protect them by creating high seas sanctuaries; massive parks at sea where nature can thrive.

    “We are an island nation of ocean lovers, and all Australians are entitled to expect that our government will take this incredible new opportunity to protect the ocean.”

    Greenpeace is calling on the Australian government to build on our national legacy by ensuring that this landmark agreement delivers lasting protection for our precious oceans.

    “We’re calling on Minister Watt to create five high seas sanctuaries in our region, starting with a large ocean sanctuary in the Tasman Sea, between Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand.”

    Currently, less than 1 per cent of the global ocean is highly or fully protected. Closing the High Seas protection gap from under 1 per cent to 30 per cent in four years, to meet the globally-agreed 30×30 target, will require governments to protect ocean areas larger than entire continents and to do so faster than any conservation effort in history. Australia will now have a seat at the table for the very first Oceans COP, due before February 2027, where nations will discuss the design and implementation of the treaty.

    —ENDS—

    For more information or to arrange an interview, please contact Vai Shah on +61 452 290 082 or vai.shah@greenpeace.org

    High res images and footage of Australia’s oceans can be found here

    Ocean Treaty passes Australian Parliament, a “historic moment” for nature protection

    Continue Reading

    Climate Change

    Looking to Jesus and Buddha, a Kentucky Passionist Priest Finds Hope Amid an Enveloping Global Environmental Crisis

    Published

    on

    Father Joe Mitchell works to create a “new story” that recognizes the interconnectedness of people and nature.

    LOUISVILLE, Ky.—Father Joe Mitchell, a Passionist priest, returned home here in 2004 to create a nonprofit center that focuses on what he saw as two major disconnects.

    Looking to Jesus and Buddha, a Kentucky Passionist Priest Finds Hope Amid an Enveloping Global Environmental Crisis

    Continue Reading

    Trending

    Copyright © 2022 BreakingClimateChange.com