Published

8 months ago

September 17, 2025

Alice Rush

Norway has opened the world’s first commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) facility, marking a turning point in global climate action. The project captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a cement plant and stores them deep beneath the seabed in the North Sea. This is the first time a CCS project has been built and operated with a complete value chain: capture, transport, and permanent storage.

The facility, known as the Northern Lights, is part of Norway’s Longship initiative. This $3.4 billion program aims to prove that carbon capture can go beyond pilot projects and become commercially viable.

Shell, Equinor, and TotalEnergies owned the CCS plant. By proving the technology works at this level, Norway hopes to inspire other nations and industries to follow.

Transitioning from small demonstration projects to full-scale deployment is significant. Cement, steel, and chemical production are tough to decarbonize. CCS is one of the few methods that can directly reduce the industry’s emissions.

Norway’s success provides a real-world example that these industries can lower their carbon footprint without shutting down production. CEO of Equinor, Anders Opedal, remarked:

“With CO₂ safely stored below the seabed, we mark a major milestone. This demonstrates the viability of carbon capture, transport, and storage as a scalable industry. With the support from the Norwegian government and in close collaboration with our partners, we have successfully transformed this project from concept to reality.”

Beneath the North Sea: How CO₂ Is Locked Away

The captured CO₂ comes from the Brevik cement plant in southern Norway, operated by Heidelberg Materials. Cement production is a major emitter because CO₂ is released both from burning fuel and from the chemical process of turning limestone into clinker, the key ingredient in cement.

At Brevik, the gas is captured using a chemical process with amines that separate CO₂ from other gases. Once purified, the CO₂ is cooled and compressed into liquid form.

Special ships then transport the liquefied gas to the Northern Lights terminal on Norway’s west coast. From there, it is pumped through pipelines into a geological formation about 2,600 meters beneath the seabed.

Northern Lights CCS project scope — Source: Northern Lights

This deep saline aquifer, a porous rock layer sealed by thick caprock, ensures the CO₂ stays underground permanently. Geologists have studied the area for decades, and monitoring systems are in place to track the stored gas. The technology is designed to provide long-term security, with storage capacity estimated to last for hundreds of years.

What This Means for Carbon Storage

The project’s first phase can handle 1.5 million metric tons of CO₂ per year, already fully booked by customers. Phase two, planned in the coming years, aims to expand that capacity to 5 million tons annually.

For perspective, 5 million tons of CO₂ equals the annual emissions of about 2.5 million cars. While this is still a fraction of Europe’s total emissions, it shows how large-scale CCS can make a measurable impact.

The CCS project will store 127.8 million tonnes of CO₂ over its lifetime. It will emit only 3.3 million tonnes of CO₂e throughout its entire process, which includes capture, transport, and storage. This results in a net abatement rate of 97.4%. That means almost all the CO₂ captured is stored permanently and not released back into the atmosphere.

Carbon footprint of the Northern Lights JV — Source: Northern Lights

Many companies in Europe have agreed to use the Northern Lights system. This includes fertilizer makers, energy firms, and district heating providers. Interest is growing quickly, as industries see CCS as a way to meet tightening climate targets while continuing production.

The Brevik cement plant itself will capture about 400,000 tons of CO₂ per year, equal to half of its annual emissions. This captured carbon will flow directly into the Northern Lights storage system.

Heidelberg Materials will sell a special product named “evoZero.” It’s marketed as net-zero cement, made possible by CCS. All 2025 production has already been pre-sold, showing strong customer demand for low-carbon building materials.

RELATED: Shell, Equinor, and TotalEnergies Expand Northern Lights CCS with $714 Million Investment

Why It Matters for Hard-to-Decarbonize Industries

Cement, steel, and chemicals account for about 30% of global industrial emissions. These sectors are considered “hard-to-abate” because their emissions come from chemical reactions and processes, not just from burning fossil fuels. Switching to renewable electricity alone cannot eliminate them.

Cement production alone contributes nearly 8% of global CO₂ emissions. With global infrastructure demand rising, the sector cannot simply stop producing. That is why CCS is seen as one of the only practical solutions for cutting emissions while keeping production steady.

Billions in Backing: The Role of Public Funding

The facility is backed heavily by the Norwegian government, which provided $2.2 billion in subsidies for its first 10 years of operation. This covers nearly two-thirds of the total cost. Government support was critical to getting the project off the ground because CCS remains more expensive than simply emitting CO₂.

Critics argue that CCS will not scale without either higher carbon prices or continued government subsidies. At today’s carbon prices in Europe—around €60 to €80 per ton—the economics are still challenging. However, as technology improves and facilities grow, costs may fall.

Norway also sees this investment as a long-term opportunity. The country aims to be Europe’s “carbon storage hub” by creating the first complete CCS value chain. This will allow it to offer storage services to nations and industries that need them.

CCS on the Rise: Global Market Outlook

Globally, CCS capacity is still very small. As of 2024, about 50 million tons of CO₂ were captured worldwide each year, according to the International Energy Agency. To meet net-zero targets, this number needs to grow to more than 1 billion tons per year by 2030, and to several billion by 2050.

Several other large projects are under development. In the United States, the Inflation Reduction Act provides tax credits for CCS, spurring dozens of projects across the Midwest and Gulf Coast. The European Union also supports CCS as part of its Green Deal Industrial Plan, providing funding and regulatory support.

DNV_CCS_forecast_2050_CCS_uptake_in_selected_regions — Source: DNV

Analysts expect the global CCS market to reach a value of $10–15 billion annually by 2030, with steady growth beyond that. Cement, steel, and power generation would be the largest users. Shipping and aviation, which face limits on electrification, may also turn to CCS for synthetic fuels.

Companies are also exploring how CCS can pair with carbon dioxide removal (CDR), such as bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) and direct air capture (DAC). These technologies not only prevent new emissions but also remove existing CO₂ from the atmosphere. Norway’s Northern Lights project could eventually serve as a storage hub for such methods.

SEE MORE: Global Investment in CCS Surges Toward $80 Billion as Climate Goals Drive Demand

Hurdles Ahead: Can CCS Scale Fast Enough?

Despite its promise, CCS faces challenges. The technology is expensive, requires large-scale infrastructure, and depends on public acceptance of storing CO₂ underground. Environmental groups warn of risks, but studies over decades show the storage process is safe.

Another challenge is ensuring CCS does not delay the transition to renewables. Some critics worry that industries may use CCS as an excuse to keep burning fossil fuels longer. A Stanford University professor of environmental engineering, Mark Jacobson, stated in an interview:

“You have to think about who’s proposing this technology. Who stands to benefit from carbon capture and direct air capture? It’s the fossil-fuel companies…They’re just saying, ‘Well, we’re extracting as much CO2 as we’re emitting. Therefore, we should be allowed to keep polluting, keep mining.”

Supporters argue that it should complement, not replace, clean energy deployment. Norway’s project is an important proof of concept. If it succeeds commercially, it could encourage similar hubs in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States.

The launch of the Northern Lights facility shows that CCS is moving from theory to practice. With capture, transport, and storage now working at scale, it represents a breakthrough in reducing industrial emissions.

READ MORE: Carbon Capture and Storage to Grow 4x by 2030: Is It a Turning Point for Climate Action?

The post World’s First Commercial CCS Plant Owned by Shell, Equinor, and TotalEnergies Injects CO2 in North Sea appeared first on Carbon Credits.

Carbon Footprint

Finding Nature Based Solutions in Your Supply Chain

Published

5 days ago

May 20, 2026

Alice Rush

“…Protecting nature makes our business more resilient…”

Julie Brown, Chief Financial Officer, GSK, and Co-Chair, A4S CFO Leadership Network (Europe)

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For companies with land, water, food, fiber, or commodity exposure, the supply chain may be the most practical place to turn nature from a risk into an operating asset.

Your supply chain already has a nature strategy. It may be undocumented. It may live in procurement files, supplier contracts, commodity maps, and one spreadsheet nobody opens without coffee. But it exists.

If your business depends on farms, forests, water, soil, packaging, rubber, timber, fibers, minerals, or food ingredients, nature is part of your operating system. The question is whether you manage that system with intent, or discover it during a disruption, audit, or difficult board question.

That is why more companies are asking how to find Nature-Based Solutions in Your Supply Chain. Do not begin by shopping for offsets. Begin by asking where nature already affects cost, continuity, emissions, regulatory exposure, and supplier resilience.

What Nature-Based Solutions in Your Supply Chain Means

The European Commission defines nature-based solutions as approaches inspired and supported by nature that are cost-effective, deliver environmental, social, and economic benefits, and help build resilience. They should also benefit biodiversity and support ecosystem services.

In supply-chain terms, that becomes practical. Nature-based solutions in your supply chain can include agroforestry in cocoa, coffee, rubber, or palm supply chains. They can include soil health programs for food ingredients, watershed restoration near water-intensive operations, mangrove restoration linked to coastal sourcing regions, and avoided deforestation in forest-linked commodities.

The key test is business relevance. If your procurement team relies on a landscape, watershed, crop, or supplier base, that is where opportunity may sit. The best projects do not hover outside the business like a framed certificate. They plug into the system that already produces your revenue.

Why the Boardroom Should Care

For many companies, the largest climate and nature exposure sits outside direct operations. The GHG Protocol Scope 3 Standard gives companies a method to account for and report value-chain emissions across sectors. Purchased goods, land use, transport, supplier energy, and product use can make direct emissions look like the visible tip of a very large iceberg.

The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures notes that many nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities arise upstream and downstream. That is why nature-based supply chain investments matter to boards. You are managing supply security, audit readiness, investor confidence, and regulatory preparedness.

For companies exposed to EU markets, this also connects to rules and expectations such as CSRD, CSDDD, EUDR, and SBTi FLAG.

Step One: Map Where You Touch Land, Water, and Living Systems

Finding Nature-Based Solutions in Your Supply Chain starts with mapping, not marketing.

Begin with procurement and Scope 3 data. Which categories carry high spend, high emissions, or high sourcing risk? Which suppliers depend on agriculture, forestry, mining, water-intensive processing, or land conversion? Which regions face water stress, heat, flood risk, soil degradation, deforestation, or biodiversity pressure?

The Science Based Targets Network uses a clear process for companies: assess, prioritize, set targets, act, and track. That sequence keeps companies from treating nature as a mood board. You identify where the business has exposure, then decide where intervention can create measurable value.

Step Two: Look for Operational Value Before Carbon Value

This is the center of CCC’s Dual-Value Model. A nature-based supply chain investment should do useful work for the business before anyone counts the carbon.

Agroforestry may improve farmer resilience, shade crops, protect soil, and reduce pressure on forests. Watershed restoration may reduce water risk for beverage, textile, or manufacturing sites. Soil health programs may improve the stability of agricultural inputs.

Carbon and sustainability value can still be created. In some cases, the project may support Scope 3 insetting. In others, it may generate verified carbon credits. Sometimes the main value may be resilience, readiness, and better supplier data.

The IPCC has found that ecosystem-based adaptation can reduce climate risks to people, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, with multiple co-benefits, while also warning that effectiveness declines as warming increases. That is a sober argument for acting early.

Step Three: Separate Insetting, Offsetting, and Resilience

Nature-based solutions in your supply chain are not automatically carbon credits. They are not automatically Scope 3 reductions either.

An insetting opportunity usually sits inside or close to your value chain. It may support Scope 3 reporting if the accounting rules, project boundaries, supplier connection, and data quality are strong enough.

An offsetting opportunity usually involves verified credits outside your value chain. High-quality credits can still play a role for residual emissions, but they should not distract from direct reductions or credible value-chain work.

A resilience opportunity may deliver business value even if you cannot claim a Scope 3 reduction immediately. That may include water security, supplier capacity, land restoration, biodiversity protection, or regulatory readiness.

Gold Standard’s Scope 3 value-chain guidance focuses on reporting emissions reductions from interventions in purchased goods and services. Verra’s Scope 3 Standard Program is being developed to certify value-chain interventions and issue units for companies’ emissions accounting. The direction is clear: stronger evidence, tighter boundaries, and more disciplined claims.

Step Four: Design for Audit-Readiness From the Beginning

Weak data is where promising nature projects go to become expensive anecdotes.

Before public claims are made, you need to know the baseline. What would have happened without the project? Who owns or manages the land? Which suppliers are involved? How will outcomes be measured? How will leakage, permanence, and double counting be addressed?

The GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Standard gives companies methods to quantify, report, and track land emissions, CO2 removals, and related metrics. This matters because land projects are rarely neat. Farms change practices. Suppliers shift volumes. Weather changes outcomes.

What Recent Corporate Examples Show

Recent case studies show that supply-chain nature work is becoming more serious, and more scrutinized.

Reuters has reported on insetting to reduce emissions within supply chains, including examples linked to Reckitt, Danone, Nestlé, Earthworm Foundation, and Nature-based Insights. The same article highlights familiar problems: measurement, double counting, supplier incentives, and credibility.

Reuters has also reported on companies using the Science Based Targets Network process to examine nature impacts. GSK, Holcim, and Kering were among the first companies with validated science-based targets for nature.

The Financial Times has covered the promise and difficulty of soil carbon in corporate supply chains, including a PepsiCo example in India where yields reportedly increased while greenhouse gas emissions fell. The lesson is that carbon, soil, biodiversity, farmer economics, and measurement need to be handled together.

A Practical Screening Checklist

A supply-chain nature-based solution deserves deeper review when you can answer yes to most of these questions:

Does it sit in or near a material supply-chain hotspot?
Does it address a real business risk?
Can you connect it to supplier behavior, land management, or sourcing practices?
Can the outcomes be measured?
Are the claim boundaries clear?
Does it support Scope 3 strategy, SBTi FLAG, CSRD, CSDDD, EUDR, or investor reporting needs?
Are permanence, leakage, land rights, and community issues addressed?

Build the Asset, Then Make the Claim

Finding Nature-Based Solutions in Your Supply Chain is about identifying where your business already depends on living systems, then designing interventions that make those systems more resilient, measurable, and commercially useful.

For companies with material Scope 3 exposure, the right project can support supplier resilience, emissions strategy, regulatory readiness, and credible climate communication. The wrong project can become a glossy story with a weak audit trail.

Carbon Credit Capital helps companies design nature-based carbon and sustainability assets that embed directly into corporate supply chains. Through CCC’s Dual-Value Model, you can assess where sustainability investment may support operational resilience, Scope 3 insetting eligibility, regulatory readiness, and high-quality carbon or sustainability value.

Schedule your consultation with the carbon and sustainability experts at Carbon Credit Capital to explore how nature-based supply chain investments can support your next stage of climate strategy.

Sources

Carbon Footprint

How Climate Change Is Raising the Cost of Living

Published

6 days ago

May 19, 2026

Alice Rush

Americans are paying more for insurance, electricity, taxes, and home repairs every year. What many people may not realize is that climate change is already one of the drivers behind those rising costs.

For many households, climate change is no longer just an environmental issue. It is becoming a cost-of-living issue. While climate impacts like melting glaciers and shrinking polar ice can feel distant from everyday life, the financial effects are already showing up in monthly budgets across the country.

Today, a larger share of household income is consumed by fixed costs such as housing, insurance, utilities, and healthcare. (3) Climate change and climate inaction are adding pressure to many of those expenses through higher disaster recovery costs, rising energy demand, infrastructure repairs, and increased insurance risk.

The goal of this article is to help connect climate change to the everyday financial realities people already experience. Regardless of where someone stands on climate policy, it is important to recognize that climate change is already increasing costs for households, businesses, and taxpayers across the United States.

More conservative estimates indicate that the average household has experienced an increase of about $400 per year from observed climate change, while less conservative estimates suggest an increase of $900.(1) Those in more disaster-prone regions of the country face disproportionate costs, with some households experiencing climate-related costs averaging $1,300 per year.(1) Another study found that climate adaptation costs driven by climate change have already consumed over 3% of personal income in the U.S. since 2015.(9) By the end of the century, housing units could spend an additional $5,600 on adaptation costs.(1)

Whether we realize it or not, Americans are already paying for climate change through higher insurance premiums, energy costs, taxes, and infrastructure repairs. These growing expenses are often referred to as climate adaptation costs.

Without meaningful climate action, these costs are expected to continue rising. Choosing not to invest in climate action is also choosing to spend more on climate adaptation.

Here are a few ways climate change is already increasing the cost of living:

Higher insurance costs from more frequent and severe storms
Higher energy use during longer and hotter summers
Higher electricity rates tied to storm recovery and grid upgrades
Higher government spending and taxpayer-funded disaster recovery costs

The real debate is not whether climate change costs money. Americans are already paying for it. The question is where we want those costs to go. Should we invest more in climate action to help reduce future climate adaptation costs, or continue paying growing recovery and adaptation expenses in everyday life?

How Climate Change Is Increasing Insurance Costs

There is one industry that closely tracks the financial impact of natural disasters: insurance. Insurance companies are focused on assessing risk, estimating damages, and collecting enough revenue to cover losses and remain financially stable.

Comparing the 20-year periods 1980–1999 and 2000–2019, climate-related disasters increased 83% globally from 3,656 events to 6,681 events. The average time between billion-dollar disasters dropped from 82 days during the 1980s to 16 days during the last 10 years, and in 2025 the average time between disasters fell to just 10 days. (6)

According to the reinsurance firm Munich Re, total economic losses from natural disasters in 2024 exceeded $320 billion globally, nearly 40% higher than the decade-long annual average. Average annual inflation-adjusted costs more than quadrupled from $22.6 billion per year in the 1980s to $102 billion per year in the 2010s. Costs increased further to an average of $153.2 billion annually during 2020–2024, representing another 50% increase over the 2010s. (6)

In the United States, billion-dollar weather and climate disasters have also increased significantly. The average number of billion-dollar disasters per year has grown from roughly three annually during the 1980s to 19 annually over the last decade. In 2023 and 2024, the U.S. recorded 28 and 27 billion-dollar disasters respectively, both setting new records. (6)

The growing impact of climate change is one reason insurance costs continue to rise. “There are two things that drive insurance loss costs, which is the frequency of events and how much they cost,” said Robert Passmore, assistant vice president of personal lines at the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America. “So, as these events become more frequent, that’s definitely going to have an impact.” (8)

After adjusting for inflation, insurance costs have steadily increased over time. From 2000 to 2020, insurance costs consistently grew faster than the Consumer Price Index due to rising rebuilding costs and weather-related losses.(3) Between 2020 and 2023 alone, the average home insurance premium increased from $75 to $360 due to climate change impacts, with disaster-prone regions experiencing especially steep increases.(1) Since 2015, homeowners in some regions affected by more extreme weather have seen home insurance costs increased by nearly 57%.(1) Some insurers have also limited or stopped offering coverage in high-risk areas.(7)

For many families, rising insurance costs are no longer occasional financial burdens. They are becoming recurring monthly expenses tied directly to growing climate risk.

How Rising Temperatures Increase Household Energy Costs

A light bulb, a pen, a calculator and some copper euro cent coins lie on top of an electricity bill

The financial impacts of climate change extend beyond insurance. Rising temperatures are also changing how much energy Americans use and how utilities plan for future electricity demand.

Between 1950 and 2010, per capita electricity use increased 10-fold, though usage has flattened or slightly declined since 2012 due to more efficient appliances and LED lighting. (3) A significant share of increased energy demand comes from cooling needs associated with higher temperatures.

Over the last 20 years, the United States has experienced increasing Cooling Degree Days (CDD) and decreasing Heating Degree Days (HDD). Nearly all counties have become warmer over the past three decades, with some areas experiencing several hundred additional cooling degree days, equivalent to roughly one additional degree of warmth on most days. (1) This trend reflects a warming climate where air conditioning demand is increasing while heating demand generally declines. (4)

As temperatures continue rising, households are expected to spend more on cooling than they save on heating. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that by 2050, national Heating Degree Days will be 11% lower while Cooling Degree Days will be 28% higher than 2021 levels. Cooling demand is projected to rise 2.5 times faster than heating demand declines. (5)

These projections come from energy and infrastructure experts planning for future electricity demand and grid capacity needs. Utilities and grid operators are already preparing for higher peak summer electricity loads caused by rising temperatures. (5)

Longer and hotter summers also affect how homes and buildings are designed. Buildings constructed for past climate conditions may require upgrades such as larger air conditioning systems, stronger insulation, and improved ventilation to remain comfortable and energy efficient in the future. (10)

For many households, this means higher monthly utility bills and potentially higher long-term home improvement costs as temperatures continue to rise.

How Climate Change Affects Electricity Rates

On an inflation-adjusted basis, average U.S. residential electricity rates are slightly lower today than they were 50 years ago. (2) However, climate-related damage to utility infrastructure is creating new upward pressure on electricity costs.

Electric utilities rely heavily on above-ground poles, wires, transformers, and substations that can be damaged by hurricanes, storms, floods, and wildfires. Repairing and upgrading this infrastructure often requires substantial investment.

As a result, utilities are increasing electricity rates in response to wildfire and hurricane events to fund infrastructure repairs and future mitigation efforts. (1) The average cumulative increase in per-household electricity expenditures due to climate-related price changes is approximately $30. (1)

While this increase may appear modest today, utility costs are expected to rise further as climate-related infrastructure damage becomes more frequent and severe.

How Climate Disasters Increase Government Spending and Taxes

Extreme weather events also damage public infrastructure, including roads, schools, bridges, airports, water systems, and emergency services infrastructure. Recovery and rebuilding costs are often funded through taxpayer dollars at the federal, state, and local levels.

The average annual government cost tied to climate-related disaster recovery is estimated at nearly $142 per household. (1) States that frequently experience hurricanes, wildfires, tornadoes, or flooding can face even higher public recovery costs.

These expenses affect taxpayers whether they personally experience a disaster or not. Climate-related recovery spending can increase pressure on public budgets, emergency management systems, and infrastructure funding nationwide.

Reducing Climate Costs Through Climate Action

While this article focuses on the growing financial costs associated with climate change, the issue is not only about money for many people. It is also about recognizing our environmental impact and taking responsibility for reducing it in order to help preserve a healthy planet for future generations.

While individuals alone cannot solve climate change, collective action can help reduce future climate adaptation costs over time.

For those interested in taking action, there are three important steps:

Estimate your carbon footprint to better understand the emissions connected to your lifestyle and activities.
Create a plan to gradually reduce emissions through energy efficiency, cleaner technologies, and more sustainable choices.
Address remaining emissions by supporting verified carbon reduction projects through carbon credits.

Carbon credits are one of the most cost-effective tools available for climate action because they help fund projects that generate verified emission reductions at scale. Supporting global emission reduction efforts can help reduce the long-term impacts and costs associated with climate change.

Visit Terrapass to learn more about carbon footprints, carbon credits, and climate action solutions.

The post How Climate Change Is Raising the Cost of Living appeared first on Terrapass.

Carbon Footprint

Carbon credit project stewardship: what happens after credit issuance

Published

1 week ago

May 18, 2026

Alice Rush

A carbon credit purchase is not a transaction that closes at issuance. The credit may be retired, the certificate filed, and the reporting box ticked. But on the ground, in the forest, in the field, and in the community, the work continues. It endures for years. In many cases, for decades.