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Current Global Climate Legislation, by Region

Our world is beginning to be dominated by the threats of the climate crisis. Governments globally are acting to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and transition towards a future free from fossil fuel reliance. To maintain an understanding of the plethora of global climate legislation that is constantly being enacted and revised, keep reading!

 

United Kingdom Climate Legislation

The United Kingdom has implemented extensive legislation to maintain their commitment to being net-zero by 2050. Legislation has been enacted to promote clean energy, invest in climate change mitigation, and regulate corporate emissions.

UK Climate Legislation, at a glance

  • UK Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)

    • a limited number of emission allowances are allocated to companies, which they can trade with each other

    • Forces corporations to mitigate their emissions or be subject to financial penalties

      • Emit more GHG → buy more allowances

    • Enacted in 1/2021 to replace participation in the EU ETS

    • Applicable to energy intensive industries, the power generation sector, and aviation

  • UK Green Finance Strategy

    • As of 2022, required the largest companies and financial firms (listed companies and large asset owners/managers) to make public how they are responding to financial risks and opportunities from climate change

    • Comply or explain basis, so no financial penalties yet

European Union Climate Legislation

The European Union has committed to becoming the first climate-neutral continent through their establishment of a European Green Deal. By 2030, the EU plans to reach at least 55% less net greenhouse gas emissions than in 1990. To achieve this feat, they enacted the Fit for 55 legislative package. The EU has also been enacting legislation that requires public and large companies, both in the EU and beyond, to report their carbon emissions. 

 

EU Climate Legislation, at a glance

  • Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive

    • In July 2023, required that specific companies provide detailed reporting on sustainability issues, publishing basically an Environmental Social Governance Report

    • Applicable to all public and large companies in the EU or those generating a net turnover of €150 million in the EU and which have at least one subsidiary or branch in the EU

    • Three stages of implementation

      • 1 January 2024 for companies already subject to the non-financial reporting directive

      • 1 January 2025 for large companies that are not presently subject to the non-financial reporting directive

      • 1 January 2026 for listed SMEs, small and non-complex credit institutions and captive insurance undertakings

  • Fit for 55 

    • Legislative package intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, using 1990 as a baseline

    • includes the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), Effort Sharing Reduction (ESR), and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

  • EU ETS

    • Cap-and-trade system where a limit is placed on GHG emissions from specific sectors each year

    • Created tradable emissions allowances and distributed to market participants

    • Forces corporations to mitigate their emissions (w/in allowances) or be subject to financial penalties by purchasing more

    • Applicable to the power, heat generation, energy intensive industrial sectors, aviation, and the maritime sector

    • Revised in 2021 to reflect an overall target of a 62% reduction in emissions from the sectors involved by 2030

  • EU ESR

    • Establishes bank and borrow system, similar to ETS but for the transport, buildings, and agriculture sectors

    • Emission allowances can be banked and used in the future or borrowed from subsequent year allowances

    • In May of 2023, revised regulation was enacted with a proposal to reduce emissions under ESR by at least 40% using 2004 as a baseline. 

  • CBAM

    • Enacted to prevent carbon leakage and the offshoring of emissions through imposing a price of carbon emitted during the production of goods entering the EU

    • Mirrors the EU ETS for foreign producers, but with harsher carbon emissions prices

    • Between now and the end of 2025, importers will have to report emissions embedded in their goods subject to CBAM without paying a financial adjustment in a transitional phase

    • CBAM encompasses cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen 

United States Climate Legislation

Climate legislation in the U.S. is highly susceptible to political agendas and varies among states with differences in the scope and the degree of the legislation. The Biden/Harris Administration maintains climate policy as a key aspect of their political agenda and has proposed legislation to promote the transition to a future free from reliance on fossil fuels. Certain states have committed to mitigating the impacts of the climate crisis and are promoting climate conscious agendas. 

 

Climate Legislation, at a glance

Federal Legislation

  • The Inflation Reduction Act

  • The Inflation Reduction Act is the most ambitious investment in combating the climate crisis, aiming to cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by up to 41 percent below 2005 levels by 2030 and designating $369 billion in funding for climate and energy-related purposes

  • Provides financial incentives for consumers and corporations through tax subsidies

  • The vast majority of this funding ($216 billion) is designated towards tax credits to corporations to catalyze private investment in clean energy, transport, and manufacturing

  • Enacted in 2022

  • Federal Supplier Climate Risks and Resilience Rule

    • An executive order to force federal contractors to publicly disclose their carbon emissions

    • Federal contractors receiving more than $50 million in annual contracts will be subject to these requirements:

      • disclose Scope 1, Scope 2, and relevant categories of Scope 3 emissions

      • disclose climate-related financial risks

      • set science-based emissions reduction targets

    • Federal contractors with more than $7.5 million in annual contracts but less than $50 million would be required to only report Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions

    • Proposed by the Biden administration in November 2022

California Legislation

  • California’s Cap and Trade Program 

  • Minimizes GHG emissions by setting a limit on major emitters through extending businesses carbon allowances

  • Has been applied to emissions that account for around 80% of California’s GHG emissions

  • Each year, fewer allowances are created and the annual cap declines

  • Launched in 2013 

  • California’s Corporate Data Accountability Act

    • Requires that large corporations that do business in California publicly disclose their greenhouse gas emissions

    • Applicable to businesses that generate over $1 billion in annual revenue and either are engaging in any transaction for the purpose of financial gain within California, are organized or commercially domiciled in California, or have California sales exceeding either the threshold amount for that year or 25 percent of total sales 

    • Corporations must provide annual disclosures for scope 1 and scope 2 emissions starting in 2026 and must report scope 3 emissions starting in 2027

    • Enacted October 7th, 2023 

New York Legislation

  • New York’s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act

    • Intends to reduce GHG emissions by 40% by 2030 and 85% by 2050 using 1990 as a baseline

    • Through the CLCPA, a cap-and-invest program has been implemented, similar to the cap and trade program in CA

    • Anticipated that corporations with large greenhouse gas emissions will be required to purchase emissions allowances

    • Enacted in 2019

 Asia Climate Legislation

The leading economies in Asia are striving towards eventual carbon neutrality, and utilizing cap-and-trade systems to achieve this feat. China has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Intending to generate 1,200 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2025, China is by far the global leader in solar and wind power production. As one of the fastest growing economies in the world, Indian climate policy is incredibly important to ensure that growth can be decoupled from increased emissions. India has committed to be net-zero by 2070 and to have 50% of its electricity generated from renewable energy sources by 2030. Currently, 40% of electricity is generated from clean energy as India is making significant investments in the construction of renewable energy sources, including green hydrogen.

 

Climate Legislation, at a glance

China

  • Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)

    • Implemented to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the power sector through utilizing a cap-and-trade system

    • Corporations in the power sector are allocated a certain amount of emission permits and can trade these permits with a cap on total allocation.

    • Revised in 2021 included clause that all corporations subject to the ETS will have to publicly disclose their carbon emissions

India

  • Cap and Trade System

    • Initial stages of the cap-and-trade system intended to increase demand and supply of carbon credits in India, then will evolve into a mandatory emissions reduction structure in which sectors are granted emissions allowances

  • In July 2022, the parliament published a bill establishing the framework for a carbon credit trading scheme, enacting the first stage of the cap-and-trade system

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General Fusion’s Nasdaq Listing Pushes Fusion Energy Into the Market Spotlight

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Fusion energy has spent decades on the sidelines of the global energy system. Scientists praised its potential, policymakers admired its promise, and investors waited patiently for proof that it could work outside the lab. Now, that long wait appears to be ending.

General Fusion’s planned listing on Nasdaq marks a clear shift in how fusion energy is viewed. The Vancouver-based company has agreed to merge with Spring Valley Acquisition Corp. III, a move that would make it the world’s first publicly traded pure-play fusion energy company. Once the deal closes, General Fusion is expected to trade under the ticker symbol GFUZ.

More importantly, the transaction signals that fusion is moving beyond theory. It is stepping into capital markets, where timelines, costs, and performance matter.

AI, Electrification, and Data Centers Are Driving a New Energy Boom

Electricity demand is rising faster than grids can comfortably handle. According to the International Energy Agency, global power demand could grow by 40-50% by 2035.

This surge is not coming from a single source. Instead, it reflects a mix of electrified transport, electric heating, advanced manufacturing, and rapid digital expansion.

At the same time, artificial intelligence has become a major driver of energy. Data centers now consume enormous amounts of electricity, and demand continues to climb. In the United States, the Department of Energy estimates that data center power use could double or even triple by 2028.

Solar and wind have expanded quickly and remain essential to decarbonisation. However, they depend on the weather and daylight. Batteries help smooth supply, but they cannot yet support large-scale, long-duration demand on their own. As a result, the need for clean, reliable baseload power is becoming urgent.

This is where fusion enters the conversation.

fusion energy generation
Source: General Fusion

Why Fusion Energy Stands Apart

Fusion works by combining light atoms, usually hydrogen isotopes, to release energy. It is the same process that powers the sun. Unlike nuclear fission, which splits heavy atoms and produces long-lived radioactive waste, fusion generates far less waste and carries no risk of meltdown.

The International Atomic Energy Agency estimates that fusion can produce four times more energy per unit of fuel than fission and nearly four million times more energy than coal or oil. Just as important, fusion fuel is abundant and widely available.

These features make fusion attractive not just as a clean energy source, but as a foundation for long-term energy security.

general fusion
Source: General Fusion

General Fusion’s Different Path to Fusion Power

While many fusion developers rely on massive superconducting magnets or powerful laser systems, General Fusion has taken a different route. The company focuses on Magnetized Target Fusion, or MTF, a design intended to simplify fusion hardware and reduce costs.

MTF creates a hot plasma and stabilises it with magnetic fields. Then, instead of squeezing the plasma with magnets or lasers, the system mechanically compresses it using a liquid lithium liner. This rapid compression raises temperature and pressure to fusion conditions.

General Fusion argues that this approach avoids some of the complexity that has slowed other fusion concepts. It also allows the use of existing industrial materials, rather than highly specialised components. Over time, this could make fusion power plants more durable and more affordable.

LM26 Marks a Critical Step Forward

In early 2025, General Fusion announced a major milestone. The company had designed, built, and begun operating Lawson Machine 26, known as LM26. This system represents the world’s first large-scale MTF fusion demonstration built at a commercially relevant size.

LM26 operates at half the diameter of a future commercial reactor. It mechanically compresses plasma using a lithium liner, closely mirroring how a full-scale plant would function. The machine aims to reach several critical technical targets, including heating plasma to 10 million degrees Celsius, then to 100 million degrees Celsius, and ultimately achieving the Lawson criterion.

Reaching the Lawson criterion matters because it defines the conditions required for net fusion energy within the plasma. General Fusion plans to use proceeds from the SPAC transaction to advance LM26 testing and move closer to that goal.

General Fusion
Source: General Fusion

Two Decades of Work Behind the Headlines

The company has spent 20 years developing fusion technology, steadily building both scientific credibility and engineering expertise.

During that time, General Fusion assembled a strong intellectual property portfolio, with more than 210 patents issued or pending. It also became one of only a few private fusion companies worldwide to publish peer-reviewed fusion results. Since its founding, it has raised more than US$400 million from institutional investors, strategic partners, venture firms, and government programs.

This long track record helps explain why investors are willing to back the company as it moves into public markets.

General Fusion’s Big Leap into Public Markets

The proposed business combination with Spring Valley Acquisition Corp. III implies a pro-forma equity value of roughly US$1 billion. The transaction includes about US$105 million from a committed and oversubscribed PIPE financing, along with US$230 million from SVAC’s trust account, assuming no redemptions.

The companies expect to complete the transaction in mid-2026, pending regulatory and shareholder approvals. After closing, the combined business plans to operate under the General Fusion name and list its shares and warrants on Nasdaq.

Spring Valley brings deep experience in energy and nuclear markets. Its leadership team has completed dozens of energy and decarbonization transactions and previously helped take NuScale Power public, marking the first listing of a small modular reactor company.

Strong Market Tailwinds Support Fusion

Beyond company-specific progress, broader market forces are pushing fusion forward. Electricity demand continues to rise as economies electrify. Governments are searching for clean energy sources that do not compromise grid stability.

Meanwhile, large technology firms are actively seeking reliable, carbon-free power to support AI growth.

  • Industry estimates suggest the fusion energy sector could reach between US$40 billion and US$80 billion by the mid-2030s. If commercial deployment accelerates, the market could exceed US$350 billion by 2050.

Early fusion plants will likely focus on grid-scale baseload electricity, with hydrogen production and industrial heat applications following later.

general fusion
Source: General Fusion

However, General Fusion’s Nasdaq move does not mean fusion power is ready for mass use yet. The technology still faces major challenges, including scaling reactors, improving materials, and proving long-term reliability.

Still, the listing marks a turning point. Fusion is shifting from a scientific experiment to a real commercial contender. Public markets will bring more funding, clearer timelines, and stronger scrutiny.

The next decade will determine whether fusion can move from demonstrations to operational power plants. With electricity demand rising and clean baseload options limited, fusion is finally stepping into the spotlight. The fusion era is no longer just an idea — it is starting to take shape.

The post General Fusion’s Nasdaq Listing Pushes Fusion Energy Into the Market Spotlight appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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Trump’s Davos Nuclear Endorsement Powers a Rally in Oklo, SMRs, and Atomic Stocks

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Trump’s Davos Nuclear Endorsement Powers a Rally in Oklo, SMRs, and Atomic Stocks

At the 2026 World Economic Forum in Davos, former U.S. President Donald Trump spoke in support of nuclear energy. His remarks highlighted nuclear power as a key part of energy security and clean energy supply, saying:

“We’re very much into the world of nuclear energy, and we can have it now at good prices and very, very safe…the progress they’ve made with nuclear is unbelievable, and the safety progress they’ve made is incredible…”

After these comments, nuclear and uranium stocks moved higher in early trading. Investors showed renewed interest in nuclear companies, especially those developing advanced technologies like small modular reactors (SMRs).

Stocks such as Oklo Inc. (NYSE: OKLO), NuScale Power (NYSE: SMR), and Nano Nuclear Energy (NASDAQ: NNE) saw price increases as traders responded to the pro-nuclear sentiment. This trend shows how energy markets are changing.

Many investors now view nuclear energy as a stable, low-carbon power source. This is important as demand grows from data centers and industries.

Oklo Takes Center Stage in the Nuclear Trade

Oklo has become one of the most-watched nuclear stocks in 2025. Oklo’s shares jumped after it signed a big deal with Meta Platforms. They plan to build a 1.2 GW advanced nuclear energy campus in Pike County, Ohio.

The deal positions Oklo to supply clean, reliable power for Meta’s data centers. Analysts described this binding agreement as reducing some business risks for Oklo.

In January 2026, Oklo stock kept rising after President Trump’s pro-nuclear comments at Davos. It hit intraday highs around January 22, with gains across the sector. Bank of America upgraded Oklo to a Buy rating, setting a price target of $111. This shows strong confidence in Oklo’s data center partnerships and regulatory progress.

Oklo stock price

Cathie Wood’s ARK Investment increased its stake in Oklo. They bought over 34,000 shares. This shows a rising interest from institutions in advanced nuclear technology. This purchase followed earlier acquisitions valued at more than $8.9 million, showing sustained investment interest.

Strong Rallies, Sharp Pullbacks

Despite strong gains, Oklo’s stock price has also seen pullbacks. At times, shares fell nearly 10% in a single week due to profit-taking after earlier rallies. Investors sometimes respond to news about sectors. For example, competitive technologies like geothermal power can provide clean energy alternatives for data centers.

Oklo remains pre-revenue, meaning it has not yet begun large-scale power production. The company aims to build its first commercial microreactor system between late 2027 and 2028. Until that point, investor focus remains on contracts, partnerships, and regulatory progress.

SMRs and Speculation: Two Very Different Nuclear Bets

NuScale Power (NYSE: SMR) is another company that benefited from the nuclear rally after Davos. The company’s shares jumped around 15% on early trading days in 2026, along with sector momentum.

NuScale Power stock price

The stock is drawing investor interest because of the rising focus on small modular reactor (SMR) technology. SMRs may be easier to deploy and scale than traditional large plants.

NuScale’s SMRs got design approvals from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). This boosts confidence in their technology. Analysts expect the company’s revenue to continue rising as project work expands.

NuScale is a great example of how modular nuclear designs can provide reliable power for industrial and data center needs. Regulatory milestones for SMRs may accelerate deployment timelines through the rest of the decade.

NuScale SMR power plant view
Source: NuScale Power

Nano Nuclear Energy: Early Stage, Strong Moves

Nano Nuclear Energy (NASDAQ: NNE) is a smaller player that also saw stock gains as part of the sector rally. Its shares rose roughly 40% in one trading week amid news of technology deals between U.S. and U.K. partners, and Trump’s recent announcement. This price movement reflected broader investor interest in nuclear technologies and potential future revenues.

Nano Nuclear Energy stock price

Nano Nuclear is still in the early stages without significant revenue, similar to Oklo’s position. Its valuation illustrates how speculative nuclear stocks can be, driven by future expectations about technology deployment and regulatory support.

Why Nuclear Is Back on Investor Radar

Supportive government policy is a key driver for nuclear stocks. In 2025, the U.S. administration moved to speed up nuclear power development as part of a broader energy strategy. These moves include efforts to shorten licensing timelines and enhance domestic infrastructure for nuclear fuel and reactors. This policy backdrop helped lift stocks such as Oklo and NuScale.

President Trump’s Davos statements reinforced this trend by linking nuclear energy to national energy strategy and data center demand. Many investors view nuclear energy as a solution for rising electricity demands. This includes powering artificial intelligence and cloud computing infrastructure.

Nuclear power generates low-carbon electricity. This attracts companies that need to meet emissions targets while also dealing with growing power demand.

Globally, nuclear power already contributes a significant share of clean energy. According to the World Nuclear Association, nuclear energy generated about 9% of the world’s electricity from existing reactors. Supporters say that expanding nuclear power can meet future demand and reduce carbon emissions.

nuclear energy power share 2024
Source: World Nuclear Association

AI’s Power Hunger Fuels the Nuclear Case

The growth of data centers, particularly for AI, is driving interest in reliable baseload power. Tech companies, including Meta, have pursued long-term nuclear power agreements.

Meta has deals with companies like Oklo and TerraPower. These agreements aim to secure nuclear-generated electricity for its AI infrastructure. They involve spending tens of billions of dollars on building AI data centers. This corporate demand creates new business models for nuclear power. It makes future reactor deployments more financially viable.

Electricity demand from industrial and tech sectors continues to rise worldwide, increasing focus on clean, consistent power sources. Nuclear energy’s high capacity factor, meaning it can provide steady power output, is a key strength in this context.

What the Next Nuclear Decade Could Look Like

Industry analysts expect nuclear capacity to grow over the next few decades. Some forecasts tied to long-term pledges suggest that global nuclear capacity could triple by 2050 as part of decarbonization goals. This aligns with commitments from large utilities, governments, and corporate coalitions.

Nuclear Power Req in 2050 - CC (1)

Stock forecasts differ, but long-term demand for nuclear reactors and fuel is expected to grow. This growth is driven by electrification and carbon reduction goals.

Small modular reactors are key to industry growth. They offer shorter construction times and lower upfront costs than large traditional reactors. If SMRs get regulatory approval and have stable supply chains, companies like Oklo and NuScale could start commercial operations in the 2030s.

Analysts provide mixed views on nuclear stocks. Many forecasts highlight the potential upside if technologies succeed at scale, especially for SMRs. Analyst price targets for NuScale Power suggest there is a lot of potential for growth from current prices.

A Renewed Nuclear Narrative

After President Trump’s supportive comments on nuclear energy at Davos, nuclear stocks climbed as traders reacted to potential industry growth. Oklo saw strong investor interest following major deals and institutional purchases. NuScale benefited from regulatory milestones and rising demand for modular reactors. Nano Nuclear showed how early-stage players can also capture attention.

Government support, corporate demand for reliable low-carbon power, and rising electricity needs from AI and data centers are key drivers behind the nuclear sector’s resurgence. Analysts still see challenges, but they expect nuclear capacity, especially smaller modular systems, to grow in the global energy mix.

The post Trump’s Davos Nuclear Endorsement Powers a Rally in Oklo, SMRs, and Atomic Stocks appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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Nickel Price Today: Indonesia’s Production Cuts Spark Supply Concerns

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The nickel price is trading at $18,614.49 USD today, reflecting a modest 0.36% gain over the last seven days. While the weekly movement appears stable, the metal has seen significant volatility recently, contributing to an impressive 11.30% year-to-date (YTD) surge. Investors are closely monitoring supply-side constraints in Southeast Asia, which have become the primary catalyst for the metal’s strong performance in early 2026.

Nickel Price

Unit: USD/Tonne

Loading Chart…

Nickel Price Market Drivers: Indonesia’s Quota Crackdown

The primary driver supporting the nickel price this week is the tightening regulatory landscape in Indonesia, the world’s largest producer. The Indonesian government has confirmed a sharp reduction in its 2026 mining production quotas (RKAB), setting a target of 250-260 million tonnes—a significant drop from the 379 million tonnes approved in 2025. This policy shift is designed to preserve high-grade ore reserves and align output with domestic smelting capacity.

Market concerns were further amplified by reports that major players, including Vale Indonesia, were forced to temporarily halt operations at key sites due to delays in receiving these new mining permits. The Indonesian Nickel Miners Association (APNI) has warned that the approved quotas may fall short of industrial demand, which is projected to reach 410 million tonnes this year, creating a potential deficit that is keeping a floor under prices.

Technical Outlook and Future Trends

From a technical perspective, nickel is consolidating gains after testing resistance near the $18,800 level. Traders are weighing the bullish supply news against signs of softening demand in China, where profit-taking has capped upward momentum. Immediate support is forming around $17,500. While the short-term outlook remains bullish due to supply anxiety, some analysts caution that the long-term structural surplus in Class 2 nickel could limit upside potential once the initial regulatory shock subsides.

The post Nickel Price Today: Indonesia’s Production Cuts Spark Supply Concerns appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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