A research team from the Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria and India’s Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) have been working on the development of 3D-printed imitations of human skin that could potentially be used to replace animals in cosmetics testing.
Directive 2010/63/EU, European legislation “on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes,” laid out restrictions for testing cosmetics and their ingredients on animals in the European Union that have been in effect since 2013.
Since then, scientists have been looking for alternatives for testing the toxicity and absorption of cosmetics such as suntan lotion.
“The hydrogels for our skin imitation from the 3D printer have to fulfill a number of requirements,” said Professor Karin Stana Kleinschek, a researcher with the Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, in a press release from TU Graz. “The hydrogels must be able to interact with living skin cells. These cells not only have to survive, but also have to be able to grow and multiply.”

3D-printed structure with human keratinocytes. Manisha Sonthalia / Vellore Institute of Technology
The team is working to develop skin imitations that mimic human skin’s natural biomechanics and three-layer tissue structure. The imitations are made up of hydrogel formulations that can be printed along with living cells.
Hydrogels have a high-water content, which provide the ideal conditions for the growth and integration of cells. But the high-water content also means the 3D prints must be mechanically and chemically stabilized.
“TU Graz is working intensively on cross-linking methods for stabilization. Ideally, following nature’s example, the cross-linking takes place under very mild conditions and without the use of cytotoxic chemicals,” the press release said.
Once the prints have been stabilized, the researchers in India test the toxicity and resistance of the 3D prints. Before imitation skin would be able to be developed, however, skin cells from the hydrogel would have to be able to survive for two or three weeks in cell culture before a skin imitation would be able to be produced. The imitation skin could then be used in cell tests on cosmetics.
The first 3D-printed hydrogels tested in cell culture were successful.
“In the next step, the 3D-printed models (skin imitations) will be used to test nanoparticles,” Kleinschek said. “This is a success for the complementary research at TU Graz and VIT. Our many years of expertise in the field of material research for tissue imitations and VIT‘s expertise in molecular and cell biology have complemented each other perfectly. We are now working together to further optimize the hydrogel formulations and validate their usefulness as a substitute for animal experiments.”
The findings of the study, “Protocol for the fabrication of self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering,” were published in the journal STAR Protocols.
The post Could a 3D-Printed Skin Imitation Replace Animal Testing for Cosmetics? appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/3d-printed-skin-animal-testing-alternative.html
Green Living
8 Ways to Reduce Your Impact Today
This article contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase through these links we will receive a small commission from the sale that helps fund our work.
1. Say ‘No’ to To-Go Waste
Even if you’re constantly on the run, it’s possible to reduce the amount of waste you generate by packing your own reusable mug, water bottle, food containers, and cutlery. The majority of restaurant to-go containers are still made from plastics that don’t recycle easily, so they’re used once and then thrown away. Each plastic cup, fork, straw, and clamshell box costs money, and you can be sure this cost is passed onto consumers — not to mention the environmental costs of all that plastic waste.
2. Water Well
Water is a precious resource, which is often a fact overlooked in developed countries where we can just turn on the tap and get clean, safe water. However, according to a 2025 WHO/UNICEF report, 2.1 billion people globally still lack access to safely managed drinking water, and the global potable water supply is under pressure from climate change and population growth. You can decrease your water consumption by following a few simple steps.
Flush and run sparingly: The average toilet uses between 1.6 and 5.5 gallons of water per flush. If you are already “letting it mellow,” save even more water by turning on the tap only when absolutely necessary. There’s no need for the water to run when brushing your teeth, washing your hands, or doing the dishes, for example.
Make sure it’s really dirty before washing: Clothing, dishes, and your body should undergo the wash and rinse cycle only when necessary. Use the same water glass all day, and wear those jeans more than once.
3. Hang It Out to Dry
Clothes dryers are among the most energy-intensive household appliances. Most of us are not willing to give up cold milk and crisp veggies from the fridge, but we can easily use the dryer less often, which can add up to significant savings of energy and money.
As an added bonus, letting your clothes air dry extends their usable lives (it is much less taxing on the stitching and fabric), it gives you a good excuse to get outside in nice weather, and line-dried laundry smells better too! If you live in a place where drying clothes outside right now would mean wearing duds that are cold and wet, consider using indoor drying racks to accomplish the same energy-free job.
4. Lights, Camera, Out!
Many electronic devices — such as phone and camera chargers, televisions, and computers — continue to draw energy even when in the “off” position. To avoid phantom power use, unplug such devices or plug everything into a power strip you can turn off when not in use. Encourage these same practices at your workplace. And no matter where you are, always turn off unnecessary lights.
5. Be a Wise Post-Consumer
In the digital age, many of us still rely on a steady stream of paper in our offices, kitchens, and bathrooms. Here are some easy suggestions for keeping more trees outside.
Print sparingly: When you do need to hold a document in your hand, be sure it has been printed and/or copied on both sides, and of course, be sure to recycle when done.
Buy the highest level of post-consumer, recycled paper: From toilet paper to notebooks, there is rarely a reason to use virgin paper. Look for the percentage on the packaging (such as products made with 100% recycled or 50% post-consumer materials), and also look for paper that is processed chlorine-free (PCF).
Class it up with cloth: Reusable napkins are not just for fancy dinner parties. They can be washed and reused indefinitely. The same goes for old T-shirts or towels, which can be repurposed as rags and used instead of disposable paper towels.
6. Resist the Urge to Splurge
A lack of excess cash can serve as a great excuse to reduce your consumption. Here are a few suggestions to help you consume less.
Take a consumption vacation: Consider taking the day or week off from making any new purchases, with the exception of necessities such as health products and food. By doing this, you’re not only saving money, but you’re also reducing the waste created throughout the life cycle of each new product, the packaging used, and the fuel consumed and produced in transporting products from the original resources to the manufacturer to your local store.
Buy nice, don’t buy twice: For necessities, make sure that you buy the highest quality, most energy-efficient, environmentally friendly model available within your budget. From appliances (Energy Star) to food (Local Harvest), there are low-impact alternatives for almost everything on the market.

7. Bid Your Car Adieu
We are a society that loves our cars, but there are many alternatives to a day spent solo in your gas-guzzling ride. Backing out of your car rut can also provide new opportunities to socialize and get some exercise.
Get on the bus: Many cities and towns have excellent public transportation systems that include buses, subways, and trains. You’ll be surprised at the new friends you make or the added reading time you find when not behind the wheel.
Carpool with friends or co-workers: Rideshare services now make it easier than ever to find a match. Uber’s UberX Share allows passengers traveling in the same direction to share a ride and reduce costs while cutting emissions. Lyft and Waze discontinued their shared rides programs in 2023.
Get on a bike or walk: While riding your bike or walking might take a little longer to reach your destination, the fresh air, reduced carbon emissions, and the exercise more than make up for the extra minutes.
Phone it in: Explore telecommuting or teleconferencing options with your employer to significantly reduce your daily commute. According to Global Workplace Analytics, a typical employer can save an average of $11,000 per half-time remote worker per year, while employees save between $2,000 and $6,500 annually from reduced commuting and related costs. Telecommuting just a few days a week will save you and your employer money.
8. Ban Planned Obsolescence
The more we view potential waste as building blocks for new products, the lower our overall impact will be. Granted, some products (“gum” comes to mind) are decidedly single-use items, but with a little creativity, many others can easily be creatively repurposed.
Originally published on April 6, 2009, article was most recently updated in January 2026.
The post 8 Ways to Reduce Your Impact Today appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/inspire/8-ways-to-reduce-your-impact-today/
Green Living
Sustainability In Your Ear: Peter Fusaro’s Wall Street Green Summit Explores Financing The Renewables Transition
Subscribe to receive transcripts by email. Read along with this episode.
Global investment in the energy transition reached $2.2 trillion in 2025, up 5% from the previous year despite political headwinds intensified. Peter Fusaro has watched this market evolve from a niche curiosity into a systemic financial concern. As founder of the Wall Street Green Summit, he’s spent a quarter century connecting capital to climate solutions. This year’s summit, the 25th in its history, will take place on March 10 and 11 in New York. This critical conversation arrives at an historic inflection point: insurance companies are withdrawing from climate-vulnerable states, AI data centers are straining electrical grids, and the economics of clean energy have fundamentally shifted.

The energy transition’s bottleneck isn’t capital, it’s infrastructure. The U.S. went from 110 investor-owned utilities in 1992 to just 40 today, and consolidation meant underinvestment in transmission and distribution. Data centers consumed 2% of U.S. energy demand in 2020; Peter sees that climbing to 10-12% by 2030. Blackouts and brownouts are inevitable, he says. Yet his message is pragmatic optimism: ignore Washington and watch the capital markets and blue states where climate policy is embedded in law. Many companies are “green hushing,” quietly pursuing sustainability without public positioning. The energy industry thinks in 40-year cycles, making the current political moment a blip. “I’ve spent 56 years now in sustainability, before it had a name,” he says. “What I’ve learned is change takes decades.”
Peter argues that Wall Street has genuinely internalized climate as systemic risk—not because of ideology, but because of opportunity. “Wall Street likes exchanges, likes to trade, likes volatility, and certainly likes uncertainty,” he explains. “What people don’t understand about Wall Street, it’s about the edge. What’s the arbitrage opportunity?” The reinsurance industry has stepped forward aggressively, funding carbon credits and sustainability projects. Peter’s recent Earth911 article, “Climate Risk Has Become a Defining Economic Issue,” explores these themes in depth.
However, he sees natural gas and renewables dominating the next 15 years, while geothermal is enjoying a genuine renaissance. His optimism rests on a demographic bet: “I have a tremendous valuation on young people. I’m 75. They’re inheriting this world, and they get the sustainability message globally.” The summit attendees includes no government officials and no academics, just people in the trenches building and financing solutions.
You can learn more at TheWallStreetGreenSummit.com. Earth911 is a media sponsor for the event.
- Subscribe to Sustainability In Your Ear on iTunes
- Follow Sustainability In Your Ear on Spreaker, iHeartRadio, or YouTube
The post Sustainability In Your Ear: Peter Fusaro’s Wall Street Green Summit Explores Financing The Renewables Transition appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/podcast/sustainability-in-your-ear-peter-fusaros-wall-street-green-summit-explores-financing-the-renewables-transition/
Green Living
Earth911 Inspiration: Nothing Is Perfect and Everything Is Perfect
Sustainability is a series of experiments. No one is perfect and too many people don’t try to help the Earth because they think they won’t make a difference. Author Alice Waters reminds us that every tree is beautiful and we can be, too, if we forget perfection and focus on living well: “In nature, nothing is perfect and everything is still perfect. Trees can be contorted, bent in weird ways, and they’re still beautiful.”
Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.
This poster was originally published on November 29, 2019.
The post Earth911 Inspiration: Nothing Is Perfect and Everything Is Perfect appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/living-well-being/earth911-inspiration-nothing-is-perfect-and-everything-is-perfect/
-
Greenhouse Gases5 months ago
Guest post: Why China is still building new coal – and when it might stop
-
Climate Change5 months ago
Guest post: Why China is still building new coal – and when it might stop
-
Greenhouse Gases2 years ago嘉宾来稿:满足中国增长的用电需求 光伏加储能“比新建煤电更实惠”
-
Climate Change2 years ago
Spanish-language misinformation on renewable energy spreads online, report shows
-
Climate Change2 years ago
Bill Discounting Climate Change in Florida’s Energy Policy Awaits DeSantis’ Approval
-
Climate Change Videos2 years ago
The toxic gas flares fuelling Nigeria’s climate change – BBC News
-
Climate Change2 years ago嘉宾来稿:满足中国增长的用电需求 光伏加储能“比新建煤电更实惠”
-
Carbon Footprint2 years agoUS SEC’s Climate Disclosure Rules Spur Renewed Interest in Carbon Credits

