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Want to save time, money, and energy all while adding convenience to your life? Something as simple as using smart plugs throughout your home can help achieve these goals.

The average U.S. household has roughly 65 devices plugged in around the clock, quietly drawing about 770 kilowatt-hours of phantom power every year, about enough to run a refrigerator for nine months. At today’s average residential electricity rate of 17.47 cents per kilowatt-hour, that’s roughly $135 a year wasted on devices nobody uses.

Smart plugs are the simplest, cheapest way to stop electricity waste. The arrival of Matter, the cross-platform smart home standard backed by Amazon, Apple, Google, and Samsung, and the maturing of the low-power Thread wireless protocol mean a smart plug bought today should outlast the app it shipped with and work across whatever smart home ecosystem you switch to next. This updated article covers what changed, what to look for now, and which models are worth installing in 2026.

This article contains affiliate links. If you purchase an item through one of these links, we receive a small commission that helps fund our work.

How Smart Plugs Work

A smart plug sits between a wall outlet and whatever you plug into it — a lamp, a coffee maker, a space heater, an entertainment center. Inside is a relay that opens or closes the circuit on command, plus a wireless radio that listens for those commands from your phone or a smart speaker. Some plugs add an energy meter that reports real-time wattage and cumulative kilowatt-hours back to the app.

Older smart plugs relied entirely on 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and the manufacturer’s cloud services, which meant a server outage or a Wi-Fi hiccup could leave you unable to turn off your lamp. Matter-certified plugs communicate locally over your home network and continue working even when the internet drops. Thread-based plugs go further, forming a self-healing mesh network in which each plugged-in device acts as a relay for the next, extending range and cutting response time, so there’s less waiting for your smart home app to make your smart home work.

Man operates smart plug with his smartphone
Smart plugs enable you to schedule when electrical devices go on and off throughout the day, whether you are home or not.

In late 2022, the Connectivity Standards Alliance released Matter 1.0, an open, royalty-free standard meant to end the era of locked smart home ecosystems. Matter-certified plugs pair with Apple Home, Amazon Alexa, Google Home, and Samsung SmartThings simultaneously, and it is configured by scanning a single QR code. No brand-specific app required, no separate hub for each platform.

Matter has matured quickly. Version 1.4 added home energy management as a first-class device category and introduced certified routers and access points that double as Thread border routers. Version 1.5, published in November 2025, expanded support to cameras, soil moisture sensors, and additional energy management features. As of 2026, Thread border router certification requires Thread 1.4, which lets security credentials to be passed between platforms, so a plug added through Apple Home can also be controlled from a SmartThings hub.

A Matter plug bought in 2026 should still work in 2030, even if you switch from an Amazon Echo to a HomePod or add a SmartThings station. By contrast, a proprietary Wi-Fi plug from a brand that goes out of business or sunsets its app is a paperweight. That’s a real consideration in a category where startups have come and gone — Wink, Insteon, and others left users stranded when their cloud services shut down.

How Much Energy They Actually Save

Smart plugs save energy only when you use them deliberately. The plug itself draws roughly 1 to 2 watts of standby power, so each one adds about $1.50 a year to your bill before it does any work. That cost is recovered many times over if the plug is used to schedule, monitor, or kill standby loads.

Three smart plug features do most of the work:

1. Cutting Standby Loads

The U.S. Department of Energy and the Natural Resources Defense Council estimate that standby power — the electricity devices draw when they’re switched off but still plugged in — accounts for 5% to 10% of residential electricity use, and as much as 23% in homes packed with always-on electronics. The NRDC estimates the national wasted energy spending at about $19 billion a year, or roughly $165 to $440 per household. Older devices, gaming consoles, set-top boxes, and audio equipment are the worst offenders.

A smart plug with energy monitoring lets you spot which devices are draining power in standby and either schedule them off overnight or kill the circuit entirely. One reviewer found an old gaming console drawing 50 watts in standby mode, which costs is about $45 a year at average rates.

2. Scheduling and Off-Peak Shifting

Scheduling a coffee maker, towel warmer, or seasonal lights to run only when needed is the simplest savings case. The bigger one is shifting flexible loads — EV chargers, dehumidifiers, pool pumps — to off-peak hours when many utilities offer lower rates and the grid is running on cleaner sources. Earth911’s reporting on vampire loads walks through which household devices are worth targeting first.

3. Smart Plugs can Catch Failures Early

This is the underrated benefit. A refrigerator that suddenly draws 40% more power, a sump pump that’s cycling too often, or a freezer running 24/7 because the door seal failed will all show up in an energy-monitoring plug’s history before they show up on your utility bill. For appliances that fail gradually, the plug is a cheap diagnostic tool.

2026 Performance Standards: What to Look For

The smart plug market has consolidated around a handful of meaningful specifications. A plug bought in 2026 should meet most of these:

  • UL or ETL safety certification. This is non-negotiable. Uncertified plugs from unknown brands have been linked to overheating and fires; in 2023 the CPSC announced a recall of Emporia smart plugs over electric shock hazards, and counterfeit electrical products remain a documented risk. Look for the printed UL or ETL mark on the device itself, not just the listing page.
  • 15-amp / 1,800-watt rating. Standard for U.S. plugs and sufficient for nearly any single-outlet appliance. Be cautious about controlling space heaters with smart plugs, even at this rating; high-draw devices running for hours can stress the relay.
  • Matter certification. Look for the Matter logo (three arrows forming a triangle) on the plug packaging.
  • Real energy monitoring. Look for plugs that report actual wattage and cumulative kilowatt-hours, not estimated usage based on assumed device profiles. This is the feature that turns a smart plug into a savings tool rather than a convenience gadget.
  • Local scheduling stored on the plug itself continues running when the internet drops. Cloud-only schedules don’t.
  • Compact form factor. Older plugs were bulky enough to block the second outlet on a duplex receptacle. Slim designs from Kasa, TP-Link Tapo, and Eve now fit two per outlet.
  • Thread support is optional but useful. Thread plugs use less power than Wi-Fi, respond faster, and strengthen your mesh as you add more. They require a Thread border router, which is built into most current Apple, Google, and Amazon hubs.

Recommended Models for 2026

These picks are organized by use case rather than ranked overall. Prices and availability checked April 2026; verify before purchase.

Best Cross-Platform Pick: Kasa KP125M

The Kasa KP125M was one of the first Matter-certified plugs with proper energy monitoring and remains the best balance of features in 2026. It works with Apple Home, Alexa, Google Home, and SmartThings via Matter to track real-time and historical wattage in the Kasa app. It stores schedules locally and is compact enough to stack two in a duplex outlet. UL-certified, 15A/1800W. Around $20 per plug in 2-packs and 4-packs. The Chinese manufacturer, TP-Link, has had its U.S. market presence scrutinized for security concerns — worth considering if that’s a priority for your household.

Best for Apple Home and Thread Mesh: Eve Energy

Eve Energy (Matter) runs over Matter and Thread, joining a Thread mesh automatically to act as a router for nearby devices. Eve’s privacy posture is unusual: no cloud, no account registration, no telemetry, so you can use it without fear of digital surveillance of your home. The energy monitoring is granular enough to capture small changes in appliance behavior, and the app provides detailed cost projections. UL-certified, 15A/1800W. Premium-priced at closer to $40 per plug, but the Thread support and privacy stance justify it for households committed to a local-first smart home.

Outdoor Use: Wyze Plug Outdoor

For holiday lights, pool pumps, garden features, and string lights, the Wyze Plug Outdoor offers two independently controlled, weather-sealed outlets with energy monitoring, a built-in light sensor, and IP64 water resistance. It works with Alexa and Google Assistant, operating from -4°F to 120°F. Typically priced between $25 and $30. Note that Wyze has had several security incidents over the past few years, which is worth weighing for indoor cameras, but matters less for an outdoor plug controlling lights.

Simplest Alexa-Only Setup: Amazon Smart Plug

If your household is already deep in the Alexa ecosystem and you want zero-configuration setup, the Amazon Smart Plug pairs automatically with Echo devices and works through the Alexa app, with no separate setup required. While it provides n o energy monitoring, this Alexa-only costs around $20. The simplest option, but the least flexible if you ever switch ecosystems.

The Bigger Picture

Smart plugs are a small intervention. Cutting standby load might save a household $50 to $200 a year — meaningful, but a fraction of the savings available from more efficient HVAC, water heating, and appliance choices, which together account for the majority of residential electricity use. The case for smart plugs is less about that one number and more about the visibility they provide. Most households have no idea which devices are responsible for their bills until they get the data.

The category also has a larger-grid story. Smart plugs that can shift flexible loads to off-peak hours give utilities and grid operators tools to balance demand without building more peaker plants, particularly relevant as electrification of heating and transportation drives residential demand growth. Check out our conversation with ecobee’s Sarah Colvin, which to go deeper into how distributed smart devices are starting to function as grid resources, not just consumer conveniences.

What You Can Do

  • Audit before you buy. Walk through your home with a notepad and list devices that run on standby, such as entertainment systems, gaming consoles, printers, set-top boxes, microwaves with clocks, or anything with an LED that stays lit. Those are your first smart plug candidates.
  • Start with one Matter plug with energy monitoring. Use it as a diagnostic tool for a week on each of your top suspects before installing a full set. The data will tell you which loads are worth automating.
  • Build schedules around the loads you actually use. A coffee maker that runs from 6:30 to 7:30 a.m., an entertainment system that powers down at midnight, and holiday lights on a sunset-to-11 p.m. window. Aim for the plug to spend most of its time off.
  • Check for utility rebates. Many U.S. utilities offer rebates on energy-monitoring devices and smart home products that participate in demand-response programs. Your provider’s website or ENERGY STAR’s rebate finder is the place to start.
  • Don’t put high-draw appliances on smart plugs. Space heaters, window AC units, and other devices that draw near the 15A rating for hours at a time stress the relay and pose a real fire risk. Use a hardwired smart switch or a smart breaker for those instead.
  • Verify safety certification on the physical product. The UL or ETL mark should be printed on the plug itself. If it’s not, return it.

Editor’s Note: Originally written by Sandi Schwartz on March 29, 2023, this article was substantially updated in April 2026.

The post How To Save Energy in Your Home With Smart Plugs appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/eco-tech/how-to-save-energy-in-your-home-with-smart-plugs/

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Green Living

Best of Earth911 Podcast: Adapting to Smoke Season’s Health Impacts With Dr. James Crooks

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Smoke season is back, and getting more intense every year. Tune into this “Best of” discussion with James Crooks, Ph.D., an environmental epidemiologist with National Jewish Health’s Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics in Denver, who explains his research on the impact of wildfire smoke on the ozone concentrations at ground level in Colorado. Elevated ozone levels contribute to the rising incidence of asthma and diabetes, among other conditions. Dr. Crooks found that while ozone increased only 1% compared to pre-wildfire levels, the impacts are widely felt, especially in Hispanic and historically underserved communities. The advent of annual smoke seasons and rising levels of air pollution globally make this an important conversation. He shares his advice on how to protect family members from air pollution and the prospects for life in a warmer world, when smoke season will be common in many regions.

James Crooks, Ph.D., an environmental epidemiologist at National Jewish Health’s Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
James Crooks, Ph.D., an environmental epidemiologist at National Jewish Health’s Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics in Denver, is our guest on Sustainability in Your Ear.

Smoke season isn’t just unpleasant, it’s killing too many of us. According to a recent study published in the journal The Lancet Planetary Health, air pollution was directly responsible for the death of 4.5 million people around the world in 2019. A McGill University study released in early May reported that people who lived within 31 miles (50 km) of a wildfire over a 10-year period were found to have a 10% higher incidence of brain tumors and 4.9% more lung cancers. You can learn more about Dr. Crooks and National Jewish Health at nationaljewish.org.

This podcast originally aired on June 15, 2022.

The post Best of Earth911 Podcast: Adapting to Smoke Season’s Health Impacts With Dr. James Crooks appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/podcast/earth911-podcast-adapting-to-smoke-seasons-health-impacts-with-dr-james-crooks/

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Green Living

7 Sustainable Bar Stools and Counter Stools To Complete Your Space (2026)

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If you’re looking to finish your kitchen, bar area, or other seating arrangement with a set of sustainable bar stools (or counter stools) then you’ve come to the right place.

How To Source Sustainable Bar Stools and Counter Stools

I was looking for sustainable counter stools last year because my husband and I’s apartment had a large countertop and no room for a kitchen table.

We liked how the layout utilized the small space efficiently, making it feel like we had more space than we really did! However it’s not as easy to find beautiful counter stools as it is to find other sorts of dining chairs!

After borrowing my parent’s barstools for a few months, we came across the perfect set of mid-century modern-esque secondhand counter stools from the peer-to-peer resale app OfferUp.

There are many ways to source sustainable bar stools or counter stools. And which way is right for you depends on your budget and circumstances.

Secondhand Apps

This option is usually the cheapest, but may require a lot of time searching and picking up the items.

We used OfferUp, because we were on a budget, had the ability to wait (since we could borrow stools in the meantime), and weren’t ready to invest in our “forever home” — we don’t know if our future living spaces will require counter stools.

Curated Secondhand Sites

These tend to be the second most affordable option for counter stools, bar stools, or any other piece of furniture. You pay a bit of a premium over something like OfferUp or Facebook Marketplace, because the pieces are more curated, the photography is typically way better, and some places may even handle the shipping and logistics for you!

Here are a couple to check out:

  • AptDeco: Advertised as the easiest way to shop secondhand furniture, AptDeco provides a professional delivery service, including pickup, delivery, and assembly within the contiguous U.S.
  • Chairish: mecca for vintage furniture (typically more expensive)

New Eco-Friendly Bar Stools and Counter Stools

You may want to shop for new sustainable counter stools and bar stools if you don’t have as much time to hunt for treasures on the secondhand market, want to invest in a long-term piece of furniture, or have a very specific set of aesthetic preferences.

You might also look for new eco-friendly counter stool options if you want to make sure your stools are non-toxic, and made without harmful chemicals. You’ll see some certifications mentioned throughout. Here’s a quick cheatsheet on what they do (and don’t do).

FSC Certified: the wood sourcing was responsibly managed (not a finish, foam, or textile guarantee)

CertiPUR-US®: third-party verification that foam (like cushioned seat padding) is made without ozone depleters, PBDE flame retardants, mercury, lead, or formaldehyde, and meets low VOC emission standards; it’s a foam-specific certification, not a wood or fabric one

OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 100: tests the finished textile (like wool or cotton upholstery) for harmful substances against human-ecological safety limits; this is a product-level fabric certification, and does not cover the wood or metal parts of the furniture

Below are some vetted resources for finding sustainable bar and counter stools! Transparency note: this guide contains affiliate links. As always we only feature brands that meet strict criteria for sustainability that we love — and that we think you’ll love too.

My Favorite Places to Find Sustainable Bar Stools & Counter Stools

1. Urban Natural

Best for: wide variety of premium sustainable stools

Materials: Responsibly Sourced Wood, Leather, Metal, Fabric Upholstery

Conscious Qualities: Artisan-Made and USA Made Options; FSC-Certified Options

Price Range: $499 – $2930

Urban Natural is mecca for sustainable furniture, including bar stools and counter stools. The brands they carry prioritize craftsmanship, design, quality, and sustainability. Many of the stools are made with FSC-Certified solid wood and eco-friendly production practices. Ethnicraft, for example, is a brand that uses zero waste production methods, repurposing any would-be wood waste.

FSC-Certified solid oak counter stool

2. What We Make

Best for: rustic reclaimed wood stools

Materials: Reclaimed Wood or Solid Hardwood, Steel

Conscious Qualities: VOC-Free Finish, Repurposed Wood, Made to Order in USA

Price Range: $425 – $755

Crafted in Chicgoland from wood harvested from torn down Midwestern barns, What We Make has rustic reclaimed wood or solid hardwood stools with character. Each bar or counter stool is finished with a VOC-free finish.

When selecting your wood on the product you’ll notice reclaimed options as well as solid hardwood options. Due to the nature of reclaimed wood, that option will result in slight variations, but I find that part of the joy of upcycled pieces!

Reclaimed oak wood bar stool with back

3. Medley

Best for: stools made with natural non-toxic materials

Materials: Domestically Sourced FSC-Certified Solid Wood, CertiPUR-US®-certified foam, OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 100-Certified Wool, Cotton

Conscious Qualities: Made-to-Order, Crafted in California, Solid Wood, In-Home Trial

Price: $1090

Handcrafted in California to your specifications with quality sustainable materials — like domestic solid alder, walnut, and maple wood — Medley’s sleek modern furniture is as sustainable as it is beautiful. The company has one eco-friendly counter stool available, called the Jasmi Counter Stool as well as other dining chairs.

Wooden sustainable counter stool

4. Emeco

Best for: heirloom quality or commercial grade stools

Materials: Recycled Aluminum, Reclaimed Wood, Sustainably-Sourced Wood

Conscious Qualities: Durable, Repurposed Materials, Suitable For Outdoors

Price Range: $425 – $2120

Emeco has eco-friendly stools designed to last for a lifetime (or several). Their sustainable bar stools and counter stools are made in Pennsylvania from repurposed materials and are designed to commercial-grade standards.

Some options are also suitable for use as outdoor furniture.

Eco-friendly white counter stool

5. Greenington

Best for: bamboo stools

Materials: Solid Moso Bamboo, Some Leather Upholstery

Conscious Qualities: Tree-Free, Uses Fast-Growing Bamboo

Price: $559 – $938

Greenington is among the most popular sustainable furniture brands for a reason. As a founding member of the Sustainable Furnishings Council, Greenington uses 100% solid Moso bamboo for their furniture — a material they claim is 20% harder than red oak. They offer eco-friendly counter stools and bar stools in a variety of finishes, though there are no stool designs with backs.

Bamboo counter stool

6. Pottery Barn Sustainably Sourced Collection

Best for: more affordable sustainable stool options

Materials: Reclaimed Wood, Recycled Aluminum, Recycled Plastic

Conscious Qualities: Natural and Repurposed Materials

Price: $249 – $399

Furniture brand Pottery Barn has recently been expanding their sustainably sourced collection, so you may just find your new eco-friendly bar and counter stools there. Their collection features stools made from reclaimed and recycled materials in a range of aesthetics, from farmhouse chic to mid-century modern.

Sustainably sourced light wood stool chair

7. West Elm Sustainably Sourced Collection

Best for: mid-century modern stools

Materials: Sustainably-Sourced Wood

Conscious Qualities: Quality Products, Use of Some Responsible Materials

Price: $499 – $599

Another larger furniture retailer with a sustainably sourced collection is West Elm. Their selection of sustainably sourced stools is small, but you can find an eco-friendly bar stool / counter stool made from FSC-Certified wood from responsibly managed forests.

Walnut mid century modern stool made with sustainably sourced wood with woven fabric back

Looking to complete your eco space?

Check out our full guide to sustainable furniture brands and our guide to non-toxic furniture brands.

The post 7 Sustainable Bar Stools and Counter Stools To Complete Your Space (2026) appeared first on Conscious Life & Style.

7 Sustainable Bar Stools and Counter Stools To Complete Your Space (2026)

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Green Living

How Safe Are Secondhand Used Pet Supplies?

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A used dog crate can save you $80 and keep a perfectly good piece of gear out of a landfill. A used food bowl with a few hairline scratches can seed your pet’s water with bacteria for months. The difference between a smart secondhand buy and a risky one usually comes down to two questions: what the item is made of, and whether you can actually clean it.

Americans spent $158 billion on their pets in 2025, and a growing share are looking for ways to spend less; the American Pet Products Association found roughly 22% of owners cut back on pet spending last year. Reused pet gear sits right at the intersection of saving money and cutting waste. But pets add a wrinkle that used furniture or clothing doesn’t: some of the germs that ride along on old bowls, beds, and toys are remarkably hard to kill, and the popular vinegar-and-soap cleaning advice doesn’t do what most people think it does.

This article contains affiliate links. If you purchase an item through one of these links, we receive a small commission that helps fund our Recycling Directory.

Why Buying Used Makes Sense

The resale habit that reshaped clothing is spreading to durable goods. Pet supplies are a natural fit: crates, carriers, and hard toys are built to last far longer than one animal’s use of them.

Keeping those items in circulation matters, because pet gear leans heavily on plastic. Pet products generate an estimated 300 million pounds of plastic waste a year in North America, according to Earth.Org, and most worn-out toys and beds aren’t recyclable through curbside programs. Every crate or bowl bought secondhand is one that didn’t have to be manufactured, and one that isn’t clogging a landfill.

A few manufacturers are building reuse into the product itself. West Paw runs a closed-loop reuse program called Join the Loop,  which grinds down worn Zogoflex toys and remakes them, and Petmate now makes kennels from roughly 95% recycled polypropylene. When you can’t find a safe used version of what you need, durable, recycled-content, take-back-eligible gear is the next-best circular choice.

Cats eating out of bowls

Start With the Material, Not the Price Tag

The single most useful rule for secondhand pet shopping is this: hard, nonporous items can be cleaned and disinfected; soft, porous ones often can’t. Stainless steel, glass, glazed ceramic, and smooth hard plastic have surfaces you can scrub and sanitize down to bare material. Fabric, foam, wood, rope, and sisal soak up saliva, urine, and whatever lived in them before, and no amount of wiping reaches all the way in.

Use this as a quick field guide when you’re standing over a yard-sale table:

What’s worth buying used, and what to skip.
Item Buy used with confidence Think twice — or skip
Food & water bowls Stainless steel, glass, or glazed ceramic with no cracks or chips Any plastic bowl, or ceramic that is cracked, chipped, or crazed
Crates & carriers Metal or hard-plastic crates with intact joints, latches, and no cracks Cracked plastic, bent wire, loose handles; any airline travel crate (buy new)
Toys Hard rubber and nylon chews with no gouges; treat-dispensers you can scrub Chewed, gouged, or split toys; rope and plush toys from unknown homes
Beds & clothing Machine-washable fabric you can run hot and dry on high heat Foam beds you can’t fully wash; anything torn enough to be a choking hazard
Cat trees & scratchers Frames you can wipe down; replaceable sisal or cardboard inserts Carpet-covered posts saturated with another animal’s scent — usually not worth it
Aquariums & tanks Glass tanks that hold water after a leak test; check seams and silicone seals Tanks with cracked glass or failing seals; anything you can’t leak-test first
Leashes, collars & harnesses Nylon or biothane with sound stitching and working hardware Frayed webbing, cracked buckles, or rusted clasps that could fail

Food and Water Bowls

Stainless steel, glass, and glazed ceramic bowls are ideal secondhand buys because they’re durable, and boiling water or a dishwasher cycle sanitizes them completely. Just check ceramic for cracks, chips, and crazing (that fine web of surface cracks in old glaze), any of which can trap bacteria and, in some imported glazes, leach lead.

Skip used plastic bowls entirely. Even hairline scratches in plastic harbor bacteria that can’t be removed by routine washing, and the bacteria that live in a pet’s mouth recolonize those grooves fast. For example, the Cornell Feline Health Center notes that 70–90% of cats carry Pasteurella multocida, a pathogen which can cause wound infections in people.

A new stainless bowl costs a few dollars and lasts for years, so this is one place not to economize.

Crates and Carriers

Metal and hard-plastic crates are among the best secondhand values in pet care. Inspect your options for cracks, sharp edges, missing screws, weak joints, and a carrying handle that’s loose or damaged. On wire crates, check that the door latches securely and the pan slides in flush.

Fabric crates need intact seams and zippers that fasten smoothly; a failed zipper on the road can lead to a lost pet. One firm exception: don’t buy a used airline travel crate. Most carriers require a new, IATA-compliant crate for animals flying as cargo, and a secondhand one may not meet current standards.

Beds, Clothing, and Soft Toys

Fabric items can be great buys if, and only if, you can launder them properly. Wash on the hottest setting the fabric allows and dry on high heat; a full hot wash-and-dry cycle kills fleas at every life stage, along with their eggs. Use a plant-based, pet-safe detergent so you’re not leaving fragrance and residue against your pet’s skin.

Inspect for rips and loose parts that could become choking hazards and be realistic about foam beds; if you can’t remove and wash the cover and you can’t wash the core, you can’t truly clean it.

Plush and rope toys are the least recommended soft items to buy used, because their fibers can hold saliva-borne bacteria and even worm eggs that laundering doesn’t fully kill.

Cat Trees, Scratchers, and the Scent Problem

Cats and dogs mark territory with scent, and a secondhand scratching post or cat tree can come pre-loaded with another animal’s signature. Some cats respond by refusing the item; others try to overwrite it, sometimes by urine-marking. Carpet- and sisal-covered posts are also porous and nearly impossible to disinfect.

Give any soft-covered item the sniff tests a cat would give it. If you can smell the previous animal, your pet certainly will. A better secondhand strategy is to buy a solid frame you can wipe down and add fresh sisal rope or replaceable cardboard inserts yourself.

The Cleaning Advice Most Guides Get Wrong

Here’s the part worth slowing down for. Soap and water, including natural Castile soap, and vinegar are fine for everyday grime and routine bacteria. Physically scrubbing an item removes most of what’s on it, and for gear coming from a healthy household, that plus a hot wash and sunlight is usually enough.

But vinegar is not a disinfectant against the pathogens that matter most in used pet gear. The viruses of real concern, including canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia, are nonenveloped, meaning they lack the fatty outer coat that makes other germs easy to kill. That structure lets them resist most common cleaners, including vinegar and quaternary ammonium products, and survive in the environment for a long time.

What actually disinfects — and what doesn’t

Effective against parvovirus and panleukopenia: According to the University of Wisconsin–Madison Shelter Medicine Program, the disinfectants that reliably kill these viruses are accelerated hydrogen peroxide, potassium peroxymonosulfate (Virkon/Trifectant), calcium hypochlorite, and household bleach, each used at the right dilution and applied for the full contact time on the label (often 10 minutes).

Not reliably effective: vinegar, plain Castile or dish soap, and most “natural” sprays. They clean; they don’t inactivate nonenveloped viruses.

Ringworm is its own case: dermatophyte spores need a 1:10 bleach dilution to kill reliably.

The good news for anyone who came to secondhand shopping for environmental reasons: the most effective option is also one of the greenest. Accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP), which is sold to shelters and vets under the brand Rescue, kills parvovirus yet breaks down into water and oxygen, carries Green Seal and GREENGUARD Gold certifications, and doesn’t require the ventilation and skin protection bleach does. It’s the rare case where the responsible choice and the effective choice are the same bottle.

How Long Germs Actually Linger

Older advice often says viruses and parasites survive on secondhand items for “up to a month.” For the tough ones, that’s a serious underestimate. Canine parvovirus can persist in a contaminated environment for as long as seven months, according to the Indiana State Board of Animal Health, and veterinary sources put its outdoor survival at up to a year under cool, shaded conditions. Fleas and their eggs can stay viable in bedding for weeks. That long tail infection potential is why an effective disinfection method, not just “give it a wash,” matters.

When to Skip Secondhand Altogether

A few situations tilt the math toward buying new, or passing entirely:

  • You have an unvaccinated puppy or kitten. Young animals are most vulnerable to exactly the viruses that resist cleaning. Until vaccinations are complete, favor new, easily sanitized gear.
  • The item comes from a home with a known illness. If a previous pet had parvo, panleukopenia, ringworm, or a flea infestation, skip any porous item and disinfect hard ones with an AHP or bleach solution.
  • You can’t clean it to the core. Foam beds, saturated cat trees, and gouged chew toys can’t be reliably disinfected. When in doubt, they go.
  • The damage is structural. Cracked crates, frayed harness webbing, failing tank seals, and chipped ceramic aren’t bargains, they’re hazards that can harm your pet.

Products Worth Knowing About

A short, practical kit makes secondhand pet shopping safe without much fuss.

  • Accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant (e.g., Rescue). The eco-forward way to kill parvovirus and panleukopenia on hard, nonporous gear.
  • Enzymatic odor cleaner. Breaks down the proteins in urine and scent marks that plain soap leaves behind, which is useful for reclaiming a lightly-marked crate or hard scratcher frame.
  • Stainless steel bowls. When a used bowl is plastic or questionable, a new stainless set is inexpensive, dishwasher-safe, and effectively permanent.
  • A fine-tooth flea comb. A dollar-store tool that tells you fast whether a secondhand bed or blanket is carrying hitchhikers.
  • Durable, recycled-content toys (e.g., West Paw Zogoflex). For the soft-toy gap secondhand can’t safely fill, and they’re take-back recyclable at end of life.

What You Can Do

  1. Shop by material first. Reach for stainless steel, glass, glazed ceramic, and smooth hard plastic; be cautious with fabric, foam, wood, rope, and sisal.
  2. Inspect before you buy. Check for cracks, sharp edges, frayed webbing, failed zippers, and chewed-through spots. Structural damage is a dealbreaker.
  3. Match the cleaning method to the risk. Hot wash and dry for fabric; scrub-and-sanitize for hard items. For anything from a home with illness, use an AHP or bleach solution at full contact time.
  4. Know when to buy new. Airline crates, food bowls to replace plastic, and gear for unvaccinated young animals are worth buying new.
  5. Close the loop at the other end. When your own pet gear wears out, donate what’s still usable, and check Earth911’s recycling search for options on what isn’t.

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Editor’s Note: Originally published by Tammi Avallone, a writer and managing editor of FiveBarks.com, on June 30, 2022, this article was substantially updated in July 2026.

The post How Safe Are Secondhand Used Pet Supplies? appeared first on Earth911.

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