Across Canada—and around the world—Indigenous Peoples are bearing the brunt of climate change, not because of their own emissions or consumption patterns, but because of long-standing colonial systems that continue to marginalize their rights and voices. “Climate colonialism” refers to how global climate responses, extractive economies, and market-based solutions to environmental crises reinforce colonial structures and power imbalances. These systems often lead to the exploitation of Indigenous lands and resources while ignoring or undermining Indigenous sovereignty, knowledge, and governance.
Colonialism and the Environmental Frontlines
In Canada, the legacy of settler colonialism is embedded in ongoing industrial and state projects that threaten Indigenous territories and lifeways. Although Indigenous Peoples consistently raised concerns, Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) was never fully realized, as the project moved forward without meaningful resolution or satisfaction of those concerns by the developers.
The Site C hydroelectric dam on Treaty 8 territory flooded thousands of hectares of land that are vital to the cultural and subsistence practices of the Athabaskan and Cree-speaking Peoples. Despite court challenges and community opposition, the project proceeded, highlighting the systemic disregard for Indigenous governance in energy development.
Similarly, in Alberta, the Athabasca tar sands—one of the world’s most significant industrial projects—have devastated the lands, water, and health of nearby First Nations, including the Mikisew Cree and Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation. In both cases, colonial environmental governance continues to prioritize profit and national energy agendas over Indigenous well-being and rights.
According to the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), over 120 major resource development projects are located within 200 km of First Nations communities across Canada. These projects pose ecological risks and contribute to cumulative social, economic, and health harms.
Global Parallels: Carbon Colonialism and Market Mechanisms
Climate colonialism also plays out globally through international carbon markets and finance mechanisms. Programs like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) were initially promoted as conservation strategies to reduce global carbon emissions. However, many Indigenous Peoples in the Global South have criticized REDD+ for criminalizing traditional land use practices, restricting access to forests, and enabling land grabs under the guise of carbon offsetting.
These market-based mechanisms commodify forests and lands for their carbon sequestration potential without acknowledging the historical and cultural stewardship Indigenous Peoples have with these landscapes. A similar trend is emerging in Canada as provinces and corporations explore Nature-Based Climate Solutions and carbon offsetting projects on Indigenous lands—again, often without full community participation or consent.
A Call for Decolonial Climate Justice
To dismantle climate colonialism, climate policy must shift from top-down, technocratic solutions to frameworks grounded in decolonial justice, Indigenous law, and local/regional community-led approaches. Indigenous Peoples are not only protectors of biodiversity and climate stewards but also inherent and treaty rights holders whose jurisdiction and authority must be recognized and respected.
Indigenous climate leadership is gaining ground through movements like Indigenous Climate Action, Idle No More, and the Land Back movement, which assert that returning land to its rightful stewards and restoring ecological and traditional governance are foundational to achieving real climate solutions. These movements challenge the extractivist logic embedded in mainstream environmentalism and offer powerful alternatives rooted in relationality, reciprocity, and responsibility to land and future generations.
Reference Points
- Assembly of First Nations, Resource Development Reports: https://www.afn.ca
- The Red Nation, The Red Deal: https://therednation.org
- Tuck, Eve and Yang, K. Wayne (2012). Decolonization is Not a Metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society.
- McGregor, Deborah (2021). Indigenous Environmental Justice and Sustainability (Various works, York University): https://profiles.laps.yorku.ca/profiles/dmcgregor/
- Indigenous Environmental Network: https://www.ienearth.org
Blog by Rye Karonhiowanen Barberstock
(Image Credit: Casey Horner, Unsplash)
The post Climate Colonialism: Unpacking the Global Systems Impacting Indigenous Territories appeared first on Indigenous Climate Hub.
Climate Colonialism: Unpacking the Global Systems Impacting Indigenous Territories
Climate Change
Threads of Earth’s Underground Fungal Networks Are Long Enough to Reach Beyond the Solar System
For the first time ever, researchers have quantified the length and mass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal networks globally and mapped the ecosystems where they are densest.
Hidden underground around the world lie 110 quadrillion kilometers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal networks—webs of ultra-thin threads that, if connected in a single line, would stretch almost a billion times thge distance between the Earth and the sun, according to new research published in Science on Thursday.
Threads of Earth’s Underground Fungal Networks Are Long Enough to Reach Beyond the Solar System
Climate Change
Fewer journalists register for Bonn talks, as cuts to climate reporting bite
The number of journalists registered to attend the annual climate negotiations in Bonn has declined this year, as climate reporters have been let go and media coverage of climate issues falls around the world.
Data from UN Climate Change, which runs the two weeks of talks, shows that just 135 media representatives have signed up to attend. Climate Home News analysis of previous data shows this is the lowest figure since 2021, when COVID-19 restrictions limited travel and the Bonn talks were held in a hybrid format to enable online participation.
The number of journalists that actually attend the talks will not be known until later this month but is typically significantly less than are registered. Press conferences, held back-to-back each day by campaign groups, have been sparsely attended in the first few days and often filled mainly with climate campaigners and researchers rather than journalists.
Alexandra Endres, a reporter for German-language website Table Briefings, told Climate Home News in Bonn there are fewer German journalists covering the conference in-person. “I think it is important to have more journalists covering the negotiations because when the climate coverage increases, the interest of the public grows,” she said.
Media outlets that have registered fewer journalists than previous years, or no journalists, include global heavyweights like Reuters, Bloomberg and the BBC, as well as German outlets like Deutsche Welle and ZDF television, and specialist publications like business information service Argus and climate broadcaster We Don’t Have Time.
Activist Harjeet Singh, who is in Bonn advising the Fossil Fuel Treaty Initiative, said that “the empty press seats here in Bonn are a warning signal. While the world’s gaze is often fixed on the annual COP summits, the real-world consequences of the climate crisis—from financing the fossil fuel transition to protecting vulnerable populations—are being shaped, or ignored, in these mid-year negotiations right now.”
“Journalists are the essential eyes and ears of the public,” he said. “We need them to shine a light on these rooms: hold negotiators accountable, defend the principles of equity and historical responsibility, and ensure that ‘technical’ negotiations do not become an excuse for delay.”
UN Climate Change said they could not comment on the situation at this point in the Bonn talks.
Climate coverage is falling
Outside of Bonn and the official UN climate negotiations, coverage of climate change is falling to lows not seen since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to analysis of newspapers and television reporting conducted by the Media and Climate Change Observatory (MECCO).
MECCO’s head Max Boykoff told Climate Home News that climate coverage in the first five months of 2025 was 35% down on the same period of 2025 and 41% less than in 2021. New analysis by the Yale Programme on Climate Change Communication found a similar fall in climate coverage in 2026.
Boykoff said media attention has been drawn away from climate change to issues like the Iran war and now the World Cup getting underway in North America.
While both stories have climate implications, he said, the media have “failed to connect the dots” on the conflict in the Middle East, with coverage focusing on the politics, air strikes and violence of the war. “Reporters have been pulling up short,” he said.
He added that since 2025 there have been cuts to climate teams at US outlets like the Washington Post, CBS, National Public Radio and the Los Angeles Times. On top of this, the Thomson Reuters Foundation’s Context website has been shut down and Politico recently folded specialist environmental outlet E&E News into its broader energy coverage.
Mark Hertsgaard, head of global journalism collaboration Covering Climate Now, also said that fewer reporters at Bonn is “part of a larger pattern”. He said no US television network sent reporters to the recent Santa Marta conference on transitioning away from fossil fuels “and as a result they missed covering what turned out to be a landmark development in the climate story”.
“No one can know if the Bonn talks will yield something similar until the [they] actually take place and conclude. But the fewer journalists that are on the scene, the less the world’s people and policymakers will know about that. And that’s a problem,” he said.
Media may also have been put off from attending by a new registration system which is more complicated, especially for freelance journalists. In addition, the rise in jet fuel prices has made travelling by plane to Bonn much more expensive than last year and reporters from many developing countries continue to face hurdles getting visas to enter the Schengen area, of which Germany is part.
Diego Arguedas Ortiz, who led the Oxford Climate Journalism Network from 2022 until it was shut down by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism in 2025, said journalists can’t cover the talks so well remotely.
While press conferences, plenaries and open negotiating sessions are broadcast for the public to watch on the UNFCCC’s website, Ortiz said relying solely on this means “you miss the interviews in the hall”.
“You can´t catch scientists and ministers as they leave the rooms. And the audience is back home suffering. Because audiences are relying on reporters and editors to explain how these seemingly abstract negotiations have daily implications for them,” he explained.
The post Fewer journalists register for Bonn talks, as cuts to climate reporting bite appeared first on Climate Home News.
Fewer journalists register for Bonn talks, as cuts to climate reporting bite
Climate Change
Pennsylvania Activists Urge Lawmakers to Help Curb Soaring Electric Bills
Despite skyrocketing demand driven by data center development, the industry says it is not the cause of increasing costs for consumers.
Advocates for lower electricity prices in Pennsylvania said Wednesday their goals can be achieved by requiring large-load users like data centers to supply their own power rather than taking it from the grid, by reducing utility profits and by speeding up the interconnection of new clean-energy projects.
Pennsylvania Activists Urge Lawmakers to Help Curb Soaring Electric Bills
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