ASEAN’s (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) emerging carbon markets present a unique opportunity for addressing climate change while fostering economic development. Comprising 10 dynamic economies, the region’s natural resources and strategic position offer great potential to lead in global decarbonization efforts.
Abatable’s new report, The Opportunity for Carbon Markets in ASEAN, launched in Jakarta, explores ASEAN’s carbon market landscape, its challenges, and the roadmap for harnessing its vast potential.
The report highlights how ASEAN’s carbon markets could generate $3 trillion in cumulative revenue by 2050. This would come from reducing or removing emissions equivalent to 1.1 gigatonnes of CO2 annually, presenting a significant opportunity for the region.
The trillion-market potential includes the following values for each of the three types of carbon projects:
- $27 billion from REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation),
- $96 billion from blue carbon, and
- $144 billion from biochar markets.

This growth could create 13.7 million green jobs in the ASEAN, highlighting a transformative economic and environmental opportunity.
Decarbonizing ASEAN: Turning Emissions into Economic Gold
Carbon markets operate by assigning a monetary value to carbon emissions, incentivizing industries to reduce their greenhouse gas outputs. These markets fall into two categories:
- Compliance Markets: Mandated by governments, these include mechanisms like carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS).
- Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs): Businesses voluntarily offset emissions by purchasing carbon credits from certified projects.
In ASEAN, carbon markets hold dual promise—environmental benefits through emissions reductions and economic gains through market-driven investments.
The ASEAN’s Climate Context
The region, with its combined GDP of $3.4 trillion, is a growing economic powerhouse. However, its reliance on fossil fuels and deforestation has made it a significant emitter, contributing around 6% of global emissions in 2023.
The key contributors to this carbon pollution include these major areas:
- Energy Sector: Accounts for 50% of emissions due to coal dependence.
- Land Use and Forestry: Responsible for 30%, linked to deforestation and agricultural expansion.
- Agriculture: Produces 450 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent annually.
Despite these challenges, ASEAN’s tropical forests, mangroves, and agricultural landscapes offer untapped potential for carbon sequestration and sustainable practices.
The region has already made strides in carbon credit generation, producing 233 million tonnes of credits from 2009 to 2024. This represents about 7% of global issuances. Indonesia and Cambodia have been leading suppliers, primarily through forestry projects like REDD+.
Here’s how the member states in the region approach various carbon markets as stated in Abatable’s report:

Several ASEAN countries, such as Thailand and Vietnam, are also advancing renewable energy and efficiency projects. However, the lack of regional coordination and regulatory clarity hampers market growth.
How Can ASEAN Unlock Its Carbon Opportunities
ASEAN’s carbon market could generate up to $3 trillion in cumulative revenue by 2050 as shown below.

The region can achieve this potential with three key strategies. First is through nature-based solutions like afforestation, reforestation, and mangrove restoration to capture carbon while preserving biodiversity.
The second is with energy transitions through early coal plant retirements. And third is through renewable investments, along with innovative projects like biochar and blue carbon. They offer sustainable approaches for agriculture and marine ecosystems.
These initiatives could also deliver socio-economic benefits, including millions of green jobs by 2050.
However, ASEAN must overcome significant challenges to fully unlock this potential. Regulatory uncertainty, characterized by inconsistent policies and unclear frameworks, deters investments. Market fragmentation limits cross-border carbon trading opportunities due to weak regional collaboration.
Additionally, integrity issues such as concerns over greenwashing and the quality of carbon credits undermine market credibility, highlighting the need for robust systems and transparent practices.
A Roadmap for Unleashing ASEAN’s Carbon Market Potential
The following policy recommendations can help ASEAN overcome these challenges and establish itself as a global carbon market leader:
- Establish Clear Regulations
Transparent, standardized frameworks are essential for attracting investments and scaling carbon markets. Governments should define project approval processes, fee structures, and benefit-sharing rules.
- Build Institutional Capacity
Dedicated carbon market offices, regional training programs, and collaboration platforms can equip ASEAN countries with the expertise needed to manage carbon projects effectively.
- Align with International Standards
ASEAN must harmonize its methodologies with global best practices to enhance the credibility of its carbon credits. Developing localized standards while ensuring international recognition can expand market access.
- Develop Domestic Compliance Markets
Implementing carbon taxes and ETS can drive domestic demand for carbon credits, incentivizing industries to adopt greener practices.
- Promote Regional Cooperation
ASEAN can leverage Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to foster intra-regional carbon trading. A unified framework can facilitate partnerships and attract global buyers.
- Enhance Public Awareness
Regional campaigns and recognition programs can encourage corporate participation in voluntary markets and boost demand for high-quality carbon credits.
By implementing these strategies, ASEAN can position itself as a hub for carbon market innovation. The region’s abundant natural resources, coupled with a commitment to sustainable development, make it uniquely qualified to lead global decarbonization efforts.
- READ MORE: Is the Voluntary Carbon Market Dead?
The post Unlocking ASEAN’s $3 Trillion Carbon Market Potential appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Climate Impact Partners Unveils High-Quality Carbon Credits from Sabah Rainforest in Malaysia
The voluntary carbon market is changing. Buyers are no longer focused only on large volumes of cheap credits. Instead, they want projects with strong science, long-term monitoring, and clear proof that carbon has truly been removed from the atmosphere. That shift is drawing more attention to high-integrity, nature-based projects.
One project now gaining that spotlight is the Sabah INFAPRO rainforest rehabilitation project in Malaysia. Climate Impact Partners announced that the project is now issuing verified carbon removal credits, opening access to one of the highest-quality nature-based removals currently available in the global market.
Restoring One of the World’s Richest Rainforest Ecosystems
The project is located in Sabah, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This region is home to tropical dipterocarp rainforest, one of the richest forest ecosystems on Earth. These forests store huge amounts of carbon and support extraordinary biodiversity. Some dipterocarp trees can grow up to 70 meters tall, creating habitat for orangutans, pygmy elephants, gibbons, sun bears, and the critically endangered Sumatran rhino.
However, the forest within the INFAPRO project area was not intact. In the 1980s, selective logging removed many of the most valuable tree species, especially large dipterocarps. That caused serious ecological damage. Once the key mother trees were gone, natural regeneration became much harder. Young seedlings also had to compete with dense vines and shrubs, which slowed the forest’s recovery.
To repair that damage, the INFAPRO project was launched in the Ulu-Segama forestry management unit in eastern Sabah.
- The project has restored more than 25,000 hectares of logged-over rainforest.
- It was developed by Face the Future in cooperation with Yayasan Sabah, while Climate Impact Partners has supported the project and helped bring its credits to market.
Why Sabah’s Carbon Removals are Attracting Attention
What makes Sabah INFAPRO different is not only the size of the restoration effort. It is also the way the project measured carbon gains.

Many forest carbon projects issue credits in annual vintages based on year-by-year growth estimates. Sabah INFAPRO followed a different path. It used a landscape-scale monitoring system and waited until the forest moved through its strongest natural growth period before issuing removal credits.
- This approach gives the credits more weight. Rather than relying mainly on short-term annual estimates, the project measured carbon sequestration over a longer period. That helps show that the forest delivered real, sustained, and measurable carbon removal.
The scientific backing is also unusually strong. Since 2007, the project has maintained nearly 400 permanent monitoring plots. These plots have allowed researchers, independent auditors, and technical specialists to observe the full growth cycle of dipterocarp forest recovery. The result is a large body of field data that supports carbon calculations and strengthens confidence in the credits.
In simple terms, buyers are not just being asked to trust a model. They are being shown years of direct forest monitoring across the project landscape.
Strong Ratings Support Market Confidence
Independent assessment has also lifted the project’s profile. BeZero awarded Sabah INFAPRO an A.pre overall rating and an AA score for permanence. That places the project among the highest-rated Improved Forest Management, or IFM, projects in the world.
The rating reflects several important strengths. First, the project has very low exposure to reversal risk. Second, it has a long and stable operating history. Third, its measured carbon gains align well with peer-reviewed ecological research and independent analysis.
These points matter in today’s market. Buyers have become more cautious after years of debate over the quality of some forest carbon credits. As a result, they now look more closely at durability, transparency, and third-party validation. Sabah INFAPRO’s rating helps answer those concerns and makes the project more attractive to companies looking for credible carbon removal.
The project is also registered with Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard under the name INFAPRO Rehabilitation of Logged-over Dipterocarp Forest in Sabah, Malaysia. That adds another level of market recognition and verification.
A Wider Model for Rainforest Recovery
Sabah INFAPRO also shows why high-quality nature-based projects are about more than carbon alone. The restoration effort supports broader ecological recovery in one of the world’s most important rainforest regions.
Climate Impact Partners said it has worked with project partners to restore degraded areas, run local training programs, carry out monthly forest patrols, and distribute seedlings to support rainforest recovery beyond the project boundary. These efforts help strengthen the wider landscape and expand the project’s environmental impact.
That broader value is becoming more important for buyers. Companies increasingly want projects that support biodiversity, ecosystem health, and local engagement, along with carbon removal. Sabah INFAPRO offers that mix, making it a stronger fit for the market’s shift toward higher-integrity credits.

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Carbon Footprint
Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story
Bitcoin’s recent drop below $70,000 reflects more than short-term market pressure. It signals a deeper shift. The world’s largest cryptocurrency is becoming increasingly tied to global energy markets.
For years, Bitcoin has moved mainly on investor sentiment, adoption trends, and regulation. Today, another force is shaping its direction: the cost of energy.
As oil prices rise and electricity markets tighten, Bitcoin is starting to behave less like a tech asset and more like an energy-dependent system. This shift is changing how investors, analysts, and policymakers understand crypto.
A Global Power Consumer: Inside Bitcoin’s Energy Use
Bitcoin depends on mining, a process that uses powerful computers to verify transactions. These machines run continuously and consume large amounts of electricity.
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration shows Bitcoin mining used between 67 and 240 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity in 2023, with a midpoint estimate of about 120 TWh.

Other estimates place consumption closer to 170 TWh per year in 2025. This accounts for roughly 0.5% of global electricity demand. Recently, as of February 2026, estimates see Bitcoin’s energy use reaching over 200 TWh per year.
That level of energy use is significant. Global electricity demand reached about 27,400 TWh in 2023. Bitcoin’s share may seem small, but it is comparable to the power use of mid-sized countries.
The network also requires steady power. Estimates suggest it draws around 10 gigawatts continuously, similar to several large power plants operating at full capacity. This constant demand makes energy costs central to Bitcoin’s economics.
When Oil Rises, Bitcoin Falls
Bitcoin mining is highly sensitive to electricity prices. Energy is the highest operating cost for miners. When power becomes more expensive, profit margins shrink.
Recent market movements show this link clearly. As oil prices rise and inflation concerns persist, energy costs have increased. At the same time, Bitcoin prices have weakened, falling below the $70,000 level.

This is not a coincidence. Studies show a direct relationship between Bitcoin prices, mining activity, and electricity use. When Bitcoin prices rise, more miners join the network, increasing energy demand. When energy costs rise, less efficient miners may shut down, reducing activity and adding selling pressure.
This creates a feedback loop between crypto and energy markets. Bitcoin is no longer driven only by demand and speculation. It is now influenced by the same forces that affect oil, gas, and power prices.
Cleaner Energy Use Is Growing, but Fossil Fuels Still Matter
Bitcoin’s environmental impact depends on its energy mix. This mix is improving, but it remains uneven.
A 2025 study from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance found that 52.4% of Bitcoin mining now uses sustainable energy. This includes both renewable sources (42.6%) and nuclear power (9.8%). The share has risen significantly from about 37.6% in 2022.
Despite this progress, fossil fuels still account for a large portion of mining energy. Natural gas alone makes up about 38.2%, while coal continues to contribute a smaller share.

This reliance on fossil fuels keeps emissions high. Current estimates suggest Bitcoin produces more than 114 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. That puts it in line with emissions from some industrial sectors.
The shift toward cleaner energy is real, but it is not complete. The pace of change will play a key role in how Bitcoin fits into global climate goals.
Bitcoin’s Climate Debate Intensifies
Bitcoin’s growing energy demand has placed it at the center of ESG discussions. Its impact is often measured through three key areas:
- Total electricity use, which rivals that of entire countries.
- Carbon emissions are estimated at over 100 million tons of CO₂ annually.
- Energy intensity, with a single transaction using large amounts of power.

At the same time, the industry is evolving. Mining companies are adopting more efficient hardware and exploring new energy sources. Some operations use excess renewable power or capture waste energy, such as flare gas from oil fields.
These efforts show progress, but they do not fully address the concerns. The gap between Bitcoin’s energy use and its environmental impact remains a key issue for investors and regulators.
- MUST READ: Bitcoin Price Hits All-Time High Above $126K: ETFs, Market Drivers, and the Future of Digital Gold
Bitcoin Is Becoming Part of the Energy System
Bitcoin mining is now closely integrated with the broader energy system. Operators often choose locations based on access to cheap or excess electricity. This includes areas with strong renewable generation or underused energy resources.
This integration creates both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, mining can support energy systems by using power that might otherwise go to waste. It can also provide flexible demand that helps stabilize grids.
On the other hand, it can increase pressure on local electricity supplies and extend the use of fossil fuels if cleaner options are not available.
In the United States, Bitcoin mining could account for up to 2.3% of total electricity demand in certain scenarios. This highlights how quickly the sector is scaling and how closely it is tied to national energy systems.
Energy Markets Are Now Key to Bitcoin’s Future
Looking ahead, the connection between Bitcoin and energy is expected to grow stronger. The network’s computing power, or hash rate, continues to reach new highs, which typically leads to higher energy use.
Electricity will remain the main cost for miners. This means Bitcoin will continue to respond to changes in energy prices and supply conditions. At the same time, governments are starting to pay closer attention to crypto’s environmental impact, which could shape future regulations.

Some forecasts suggest Bitcoin’s energy use could rise sharply if adoption increases, potentially reaching up to 400 TWh in extreme scenarios. However, cleaner energy systems could reduce the carbon impact over time.
Bitcoin is no longer just a financial asset. It is also a large-scale energy consumer and a growing part of the global power system.
As a result, understanding Bitcoin now requires a broader view. Energy prices, electricity markets, and carbon trends are becoming just as important as market demand and investor sentiment.
The message is clear. As energy markets move, Bitcoin is likely to move with them.
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Carbon Footprint
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