The decision by the Texas State Board of Education to terminate its investment partnership with BlackRock has reignited the debate surrounding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing in the United States. With $8.5 billion withdrawn from the investment giant, the move underscores the deepening divide between political and investment strategies.
At the center of this controversy is BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager and a vocal advocate for ESG principles.
While BlackRock’s leadership in promoting sustainability and climate action has garnered praise from many investors and stakeholders, it has also drawn sharp criticism from some Republican politicians in states like Texas. These politicians accuse BlackRock of advancing a left-wing agenda and undermining traditional energy sectors.
The Rise of ESG Investing
ESG investing, short for Environmental, Social, and Governance investing, evaluates companies based on their performance across various responsibility metrics and standards to assess their suitability for investment.
By using these standards, investors can identify businesses that show strong environmental stewardship, social impact, and effective governance practices. ESG investing is also called sustainable investing, impact investing, and socially responsible investing.
Many ESG investors put a higher value on the environmental factor and remove environmental polluters from their portfolios. They instead decide to invest in companies that opt to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
The state of Texas has been a battleground in the anti-ESG movement. State officials are taking decisive actions against companies and investors perceived to be prioritizing social and environmental concerns over economic interests.
For instance, Texas recently banned UK bank Barclays from participating in the municipal bond market due to its ESG policies. The state has also considered divesting from asset managers accused of boycotting energy companies.
Texas isn’t alone in rallying against ESG investing. In 2023, states with Republican-controlled legislatures saw the enactment of at least 25 anti-ESG bills.
Utah, in particular, passed 5 of these bills, contributing significantly to the overall count. Despite these legislative successes, a few bills are still pending approval. These developments were reported on a website maintained by Lichtenstein’s team, dedicated to tracking such bills.
Texas’s anti-ESG stance may appeal to some constituents. However, it could come at a significant cost to investors and the state’s economy.
A study conducted by the Texas County & District Retirement System estimated potential losses of over $6 billion in ten years from prohibiting ESG investing in public retirement systems. This underscores the complex trade-offs involved in balancing financial returns with social and environmental objectives.
Moreover, MSCI’s report showed that the top 20 ESG funds saw increasing return contributions because of better ESG performance.
Chart from MSCI
Texas Takes a Stand
In defending its decision to terminate the partnership with BlackRock, the Texas State Board of Education cited legislation prohibiting investment in companies that boycott certain energy firms.
Board Chairman Aaron Kinsey expressed concern about BlackRock’s impact on Texas’s oil and gas industry. The Texas Permanent School Fund (PSF) gets its money from the industry’s revenue.
In a statement posted on X, Aaron Kinsey, PSF Chair, noted that:
“BlackRock’s dominant and persistent leadership in the ESG movement immeasurably damages our state’s oil and gas economy and the very companies that generate revenues for our PSF… The PSF will not stand idle as our financial future is attacked by Wall Street.”
The statement reflects growing concerns among certain stakeholders in Texas regarding the influence of ESG considerations on investment decisions. And that it may also have potential impacts on the state’s energy sector. According to the state BOE’s website, Kinsey is the CEO of American Patrols, an aviation oilfield services company in Midland.
Critics argue that this may undermine the long-term financial health of PSF and limit its ability to achieve investment objectives.
BlackRock Defends its Position
BlackRock has faced mounting scrutiny from Republican politicians and activists who accuse the company of promoting a leftist agenda. Last year, the asset manager inked a deal to invest $550 million in Occidental Petroleum’s Direct Air Capture (DAC) plant in Ector County, Texas.
In response to the state’s decision, BlackRock’s CEO Larry Fink has defended the company’s engagement with the energy industry. He stated in an email that:
“The decision ignores our $120 billion investment in Texas public energy companies and defies expert advice. As a fiduciary, politics should never outweigh performance, especially for taxpayers.”
Despite these criticisms, BlackRock emphasized its significant investments in U.S. energy companies. Moreover, the company noted that it’s instrumental in assisting millions of Texans in investing and saving for retirement. They’ve also channeled over $300 billion into Texas-based companies, infrastructure, and municipalities, with a significant portion, totaling $125 billion, directed toward the energy sector.
Last week, the investment giant published a report identifying key developments that will impact low-carbon transition investment opportunities and risks in 2024.
As the debate over ESG investing continues to evolve, investors and policymakers must carefully weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of incorporating environmental, social, and governance considerations into investment decisions.
The United Nations has taken a major step in global carbon markets. A UN panel has approved the first methodology under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement. This marks the start of a new era in international carbon trading. The system will help countries and companies offset emissions under one global standard.
A New Chapter for Global Carbon Markets
Article 6.4, also known as the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), aims to build a global market where countries can trade verified emission reductions. It replaces the old Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) from the Kyoto Protocol, which registered more than 7,800 projects between 2006 and 2020. This new system makes sure carbon credits come from real and measurable emission cuts.
The UNFCCC Supervisory Body met in mid-October 2025 to review new market methods. Their approval of the first one marks a major step for climate finance projects around the world.
The first approved method supports renewable energy projects, especially small wind and solar developments in developing countries. These projects are key to reducing emissions and expanding access to clean energy.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) says renewable energy in developing economies must triple by 2030 to reach global net-zero goals.
What Article 6.4 Means
Article 6.4 is part of the Paris Agreement’s cooperation plan. It lets one country fund emission reduction projects in another country and count those reductions toward its own climate goals. The system aims to:
Stop double-counting of emission reductions.
Improve transparency through strict monitoring.
Build trust between developing and developed nations.
Source: UNFCCC
This system will help countries meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) faster. The World Bank estimates that NDC cooperation could cut up to 5 billion tonnes of emissions annually by 2030. It could also unlock around $250 billion in climate finance each year, giving investors a clear way to support credible carbon projects.
At COP29 in Baku, world governments agreed on a new global climate finance goal for after 2025. They pledged to scale up funding for developing countries to at least $1.3 trillion per year by 2035 from public and private sources.
Developed nations will lead by mobilizing $300 billion annually, expanding on the earlier $100 billion target. The agreement allows developing countries to count their own contributions voluntarily. It also includes all multilateral development bank (MDB) climate finance. This aligns with expert estimates that developing nations need $3.1–3.5 trillion yearly by 2035 to meet climate investment and adaptation goals.
Source: NRDC
From Rules to Real Markets
Until now, discussions around Article 6.4 have focused mainly on rules and design. The panel’s decision moves the system from theory to action. It shows that global carbon trading is ready to begin.
Experts predict global demand for carbon credits could reach 2 billion tonnes by 2030, and as high as 13 billion tonnes by 2050. The UN wants to make sure only verified, high-quality credits enter this fast-growing market.
Developing nations stand to benefit the most. Many have strong potential for renewable energy, reforestation, and methane reduction projects. Africa alone could supply up to 30% of the world’s high-quality carbon credits by 2030. These projects could create billions in new revenue for clean growth.
The new methodology allows these projects to earn credits that can be sold internationally, helping communities build clean energy and adapt to climate change.
Ensuring Integrity and Transparency
Old carbon markets faced criticism for weak integrity and unclear reporting. Article 6.4 aims to fix that. Every project must pass strict checks by independent auditors before earning credits. Credits will only be issued if real emission cuts are proven.
The Supervisory Body’s framework includes steps for:
Setting clear baselines for emissions.
Measuring reductions over time.
Monitoring performance using standard tools.
This process will help rebuild trust and attract new investors. Each credit will have a digital record, allowing buyers to trace where it came from and what impact it had.
Countries and companies with net-zero targets will finally have a credible tool to meet their goals. Over 160 nations now have net-zero pledges. Around 60% of global companies already use or plan to use carbon credits to reach their climate goals.
The approval of the first methodology will draw major interest from the energy and finance sectors. Many firms have been waiting for a reliable, UN-backed system.
The voluntary carbon market was worth about $2 billion in 2023, according to McKinsey. It could grow to more than $100 billion by 2030 as Article 6.4 trading begins. The new system will also pressure companies to buy only verified and transparent credits, cutting down on “greenwashing.”
Source: McKinsey & Company
Regional exchanges and carbon registries are preparing to include Article 6.4 credits once the market launches. Exchanges in Asia, Europe, and Latin America are already aligning with UN rules. This will help stabilize global carbon prices, which currently range from under $5 per tonne in voluntary markets to more than $90 per tonne in the EU system.
More stable prices could encourage long-term investments in clean energy and climate projects. Experts expect Article 6.4 credits to trade at a premium once investors recognize their higher quality.
ESG and Environmental Impact
The new UN system supports Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals worldwide. Companies that buy Article 6.4 credits can cut their carbon footprint while funding sustainable projects in vulnerable regions.
Renewable energy projects such as solar and wind farms in Africa and Asia create jobs, cleaner air, and better access to power. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) reports that renewable energy jobs reached 13.7 million in 2024, with strong growth expected in developing countries. These social benefits align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for clean energy and climate action.
With stronger oversight, the UN aims to stop misuse and deliver real results. As carbon markets expand, credit integrity will define success. A 2024 study found that up to 40% of older offset credits lacked verifiable emission savings. Article 6.4 aims to close that gap.
Toward a Fair, Transparent, and Unified Carbon Future
Challenges remain before the new system reaches full scale. The next step is to approve more methods for areas like forestry, agriculture, and industry. These sectors are complex and need careful rules to avoid overstating emission cuts.
Negotiations between countries will also continue. Some worry that carbon trading may let others delay domestic cuts. Others believe it will open new funding for clean energy and climate adaptation.
The UN says developing countries will need about $4.3 trillion each year by 2030 to meet climate and energy goals. Article 6.4 could help fill that funding gap.
The Supervisory Body will meet again before COP30 in Belém, Brazil, where it may approve more methodologies. Governments and investors are watching closely as the system expands.
The UN system promises a fair and transparent market for everyone. As carbon prices become more consistent, the focus will shift to ensuring projects deliver real benefits for people and the planet.
Alphabet’s, Google’s parent company, self-driving car division, Waymo, has announced plans to launch its autonomous ride-hailing service in London in 2026. This marks the company’s first expansion into Europe and a major milestone for the global robotaxi industry.
The service will use all-electric Jaguar I-Pace vehicles equipped with Waymo’s self-driving technology. Public road testing will begin in the coming weeks, with human safety drivers behind the wheel. Pending regulatory approval, commercial operations are expected to begin next year.
A Major Step in Autonomous Mobility
Waymo’s move into London shows its growing trust in the safety and reliability of self-driving cars. The company has driven over 20 million miles fully autonomously. This includes public roads in cities like Phoenix, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.
In the U.S., Waymo currently provides more than 250,000 paid rides each week across five major cities. These services run on their own. They use artificial intelligence, sensors, and detailed maps.
The company is launching its driverless ride-hailing model in London. This city has one of the most complex traffic systems in the world. London’s narrow streets and busy pedestrian areas make it great for testing self-driving cars. Its unpredictable weather adds to the challenge.
UK Opens Fast Lane for Driverless Innovation
Waymo’s announcement follows the UK government’s push to fast-track autonomous vehicle deployment. In June 2025, Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander confirmed that pilot programs for robotaxis would start in spring 2026. This is a year earlier than planned.
This move matches the Automated Vehicles Act of 2024. This law says self-driving cars must meet or beat human safety standards. Full implementation of the law is expected by 2027, but early pilots will allow companies like Waymo to start operations sooner.
The UK government thinks the autonomous vehicle sector could bring 38,000 new jobs and add £42 billion to the economy by 2035. London, Manchester, and Birmingham are expected to be early hubs for testing and commercial deployment.
Alexander stated that the government wants the UK to be “a global leader in self-driving technology.” This will help improve accessibility, cut emissions, and draw in private investment.
Growing Competition in London’s Ride-Hailing Market
Waymo will not enter London’s market alone. In June, Uber teamed up with Wayve, a British AI startup supported by Microsoft and Nvidia. They plan to launch their own self-driving taxi service in the capital.
Wayve’s vehicles are already testing in central London, where traffic conditions are among the most challenging in the world. Wayve CEO Alex Kendall remarked:
“If you prove this technology works here, you can literally drive anywhere. It’s one of the hardest proving grounds.”
For its UK operations, Waymo will partner with Moove, the fleet management company it already works with in Phoenix and Miami. Moove will handle charging infrastructure, vehicle maintenance, and fleet operations in London.
This partnership supports Waymo’s plan to expand its global footprint. In addition to London, the company is testing robotaxis in Tokyo, where it began trials in April 2025.
The global autonomous vehicle (AV) market is expanding rapidly. Research says the global AV industry is worth around $207 billion in 2024. It’s expected to grow to $4,450 billion by 2034.
Europe alone could see over 30 million autonomous vehicles on the road by 2040, with cities like London, Paris, and Berlin leading adoption. The UK government expects 40% of new vehicles sold domestically to have self-driving features by 2035.
Robotaxi services like Waymo’s are part of a broader shift toward shared, electric, and autonomous mobility (SEAM). Analysts say the global robotaxi market might top $45 billion by 2030. This growth is due to lower operating costs, high demand for ride-sharing, and better vehicle sensors and AI.
Waymo’s parent, Alphabet, views robotaxis as a long-term bet on mobility services. They could one day compete with traditional ride-hailing.
Driving Toward Net-Zero: Waymo’s Green Advantage
Waymo’s all-electric Jaguar I-Pace vehicles help the UK reach its net-zero target by 2050. They also support Alphabet’s sustainability goals. The company gets its energy for vehicle charging from renewable sources when it can. It also designs its operations to reduce carbon emissions.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) says that changing from gasoline cars to electric self-driving vehicles can cut lifecycle emissions by up to 50%. This is true when they use clean energy.
Studies show electric robotaxis emit up to 94% less greenhouse gases than gasoline cars. If 5% of U.S. vehicle sales by 2030 were autonomous EVs, they could save 7 million barrels of oil and cut about 2.4 million metric tons of CO₂ each year.
In London, transportation adds about 25% to local CO₂ emissions. This change could significantly improve air quality. Self-driving fleets can also reduce traffic jams and boost energy efficiency. They do this by optimizing routes and cutting down idle time.
A McKinsey report shows that shared self-driving electric cars can cut pollution a lot. They produce about 85% to 98% less emissions per passenger mile than private diesel cars. If factories and supply chains also get cleaner, total emissions from these vehicles could drop by around 71% compared to today’s electric cars.
Waymo’s partnership model boosts sustainable infrastructure. It focuses on installing fast-charging hubs and upgrading urban energy grids for clean transport.
Speed Bumps Before the Finish Line
Despite the progress, challenges remain. London’s streets are dense, unpredictable, and filled with both old infrastructure and new regulations. Public trust in autonomous vehicles is still growing. Recent surveys show that over 60% of UK residents are cautious about self-driving cars.
Waymo will need to prove that its vehicles can operate safely and reliably under the UK’s strict rules. The company’s technology must meet or exceed safety standards set by the government. It also needs approval from the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) before starting commercial operations.
Additionally, high costs remain a concern. Developing autonomous systems requires billions in investment, and profitability may take years. Analysts think early entrants like Waymo will gain from strong brand recognition and good regulatory ties as markets grow.
A Turning Point for Urban Mobility
Waymo’s London launch represents a defining moment for both the company and the autonomous vehicle industry. It shows how self-driving technology is maturing. Major cities are now ready to test large-scale deployment.
If successful, the London project could become a blueprint for future robotaxi services across Europe. It would show how autonomous mobility can help reduce emissions, improve transport access, and support economic growth.
Waymo’s action boosts the UK’s goal to lead in clean, AI-driven mobility. It balances innovation, safety, and sustainability.
As the world moves toward smarter, greener transportation, London’s roads could soon be home to the next generation of driverless vehicles—quiet, electric, and guided entirely by artificial intelligence.
Disseminated on behalf of Surge Battery Metals Inc.
Electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems (BESS), and clean energy technologies depend heavily on lithium. Yet even with fast-rising demand, the United States still produces far less lithium than it needs.
In 2024, U.S. production reached only about 25,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) – roughly 2% of global supply, which totaled around 1.2 million tonnes. That output is enough for only about 158,000 Tesla Model 3 battery packs per year.
The gap between national demand and domestic production keeps widening. Most lithium used in the U.S. comes from imports, mainly from Chile, Australia, and China. This dependency exposes the country to supply disruptions, trade restrictions, and price volatility. If imports are interrupted, the U.S. battery and EV industries could face serious setbacks.
Growing Demand Creates a Structural Deficit
Global demand for lithium is growing quickly. Analysts expect it to quadruple by 2030 as more countries adopt EVs and build large-scale battery storage.
According to Katusa Research (2025), global lithium demand is projected to climb from 1.04 million tonnes in 2024 to 3.56 million tonnes by 2035 — a 3.5× increase. About 83% of that demand will come from EV batteries, while energy storage will account for another 11%.
Source: Katusa Research
Per the International Energy Agency, the U.S. alone may need over 625,000 tonnes of LCE per year by 2030, compared with only a small fraction produced domestically today.
Building new mines takes time – often 10 to 15 years from exploration to commercial production. This long timeline makes it difficult to ramp up supply fast enough to meet demand. Therefore, a lasting shortage is forming. If the U.S. does not accelerate new projects soon, it may depend on imports for decades.
Each EV battery pack uses large amounts of lithium. On average, an EV requires about 60 kilograms of LCE – or 8 to 10 kilograms per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of battery capacity. As automakers build more gigafactories, that adds up quickly.
Katusa’s data also shows that global EV sales jumped from 2 million in 2020 to 11 million in 2024, a 450% surge — and could exceed 60 million units per year by 2040, more than half of all cars sold globally.
Source: Katusa Research
The U.S. is expected to have 440 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of battery manufacturing capacity by 2025 and more than 1,000 GWh by 2030. That growth alone could double or triple national lithium demand.
Introducing the Nevada North Lithium Project
One company aiming to help close this gap is Surge Battery Metals. Its flagship asset, the Nevada North Lithium Project (NNLP) in Elko County, Nevada, is one of the few high-grade lithium clay deposits in the United States.
The project has an inferred resource of 11.24 million tonnes of LCE, grading about 3,010 ppm lithium, making it the highest-grade lithium clay resource in the country.
The project benefits from ideal logistics. NNLP is only 13 kilometers from major power lines and close to all-season roads. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has issued a Record of Decision and a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), allowing expanded exploration over 250 acres. These factors make NNLP a leading U.S. candidate for large-scale lithium development.
How NNLP Helps Close the Supply Gap
Surge Battery Metals’ Nevada North project has features that position it well to help close America’s lithium gap. Its high grade and large resource size suggest it could deliver significant output once in production. Higher-grade deposits typically allow lower extraction costs and shorter payback periods.
Because NNLP already has key permits and environmental clearance, it may reach production faster than many early-stage peers. That speed is critical as EV demand accelerates and the U.S. targets more domestic battery manufacturing.
Just as important, NNLP supports U.S. policy goals for supply chain security. Producing lithium domestically reduces reliance on imports, helping stabilize supply and pricing for American automakers. It also supports the Inflation Reduction Act, which requires that most EV battery minerals come from North America or allied countries by 2027.
In March 2025, the U.S. government took direct equity stakes in several lithium ventures, including Lithium Americas’ Thacker Pass, signaling a strong federal commitment to reshoring critical mineral production. This policy backdrop reinforces projects like NNLP as part of a national security priority.
Strengthening NNLP Through Strategic Partnership
Moreover, Surge Battery Metals signed a joint venture letter of intent (LOI) with Evolution Mining (ASX: EVN), allowing Evolution to earn up to 32.5% ownership by funding C$10 million toward the Preliminary Feasibility Study (PFS) for the Nevada North Lithium Project (NNLP). Surge retains majority control and project management, keeping its long-term vision and stakeholder priorities front and center.
This partnership delivers big strategic value. By merging Surge’s lithium expertise and mineral rights with Evolution’s 75% stake in 880 acres of private land – and over 21,000 added acres nearby – the deal significantly increases the JV’s land position. The expanded acreage boosts the overall exploration area and brings in mineral rights in key southern zones, possible clay unit extensions to the north, and territory in historic mining districts and key drainage areas.
Importantly, Evolution’s staged funding speeds up completion of the PFS and helps NNLP reach development milestones while lowering capital risk for Surge shareholders. If Evolution completes its full commitment, it will own 32.5% of the JV, but Surge remains the lead partner. This setup means Surge still directs the project, while using Evolution’s operations know-how and resources. With a larger land package and a joint operating committee, NNLP is well on its way to Tier 1 status and is strengthening its spot in North America’s battery metals supply chain – vital for clean energy and EV growth.
Like any mining venture, NNLP faces challenges. Lithium prices fell nearly 90% from their 2022 peak, but from June to September 2025, they rebounded 24%, showing early signs of recovery.
This cyclical pattern reflects Katusa’s “cost floor” concept — production costs in China and Australia now average around $5,000–6,000 per tonne LCE, while South American and U.S. projects need about $8,000/t to stay profitable. If prices fall near those levels, high-cost mines pause output, tightening supply again and stabilizing prices.
Another factor is resource expansion. NNLP’s current resource is inferred, but the company expects to complete its current drilling program at NNLP by the end of October 2025. Once the results are released, the lithium resource will be upgraded from Inferred to Indicated and Measured categories. This step will strengthen confidence in the deposit’s scale and quality, supporting the upcoming Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS).
Permitting and community engagement also remain important; even in a mining-friendly state like Nevada, water use and land reclamation practices must meet strict environmental standards.
Surge Battery Metals has emphasized sustainable practices, including water recycling and progressive site reclamation, as part of its exploration and development plan.
Competition is growing, too. Lithium projects across South America, Australia, and Canada are advancing quickly. Still, Nevada’s combination of stable governance, established mining laws, and proximity to major battery plants gives U.S. projects like NNLP a strong advantage.
A National View: U.S. Lithium Resources and Reserves
The U.S. is home to some of the world’s largest lithium reserves, but it still underdevelops them. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, global lithium reserves total around 21 million tonnes, with the U.S. holding roughly 12%. Nevada alone hosts the country’s biggest lithium resources, concentrated in the Thacker Pass region and the northern claystone belts – where NNLP is located.
Unlocking these resources is vital. Every new project that moves forward strengthens the domestic supply chain and supports national goals to lead in clean energy technology.
Surge Battery Metals plans to continue advancing NNLP through new drilling campaigns and metallurgical studies in 2025. These programs aim to expand and upgrade resources, optimize extraction processes, and confirm the potential to produce battery-grade lithium carbonate with 99.9% purity. The company is also evaluating potential offtake partnerships with battery and automotive manufacturers.
Analysts and investors will be watching for:
Updated resource estimates and grade expansion
Progress toward pre-feasibility studies
Partnerships or funding deals with strategic investors
Regulatory updates supporting U.S. critical mineral development
Positive results in these areas could accelerate NNLP’s move toward construction and help it become one of the first next-generation lithium clay projects to enter U.S. production.
Powering the U.S. Energy Future
The U.S. faces a widening gap between lithium supply and demand that could slow its clean-energy transition. Katusa Research projects a 400,000-tonne global supply shortfall by 2035, roughly the world’s entire 2020 output – a deficit that could keep prices elevated long term.
Source: Katusa Research
Surge Battery Metals’ Nevada North Lithium Project provides a realistic and timely opportunity to help close that divide. With its high-grade resource, strong economics, strategic location, and environmental focus, NNLP could play a central role in building a stable, self-sufficient lithium supply for the United States.
As the nation races to electrify transportation and decarbonize energy, projects like NNLP will be critical. They are not only about producing lithium – they are about powering the next chapter of American industry and ensuring that the clean-energy future is built on secure, sustainable ground.
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Certain statements contained in this news release may constitute “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Forward-looking information generally can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “plan,” and similar expressions suggesting future outcomes or events. Forward-looking information is based on current expectations of management; however, it is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated.
These factors include, without limitation, statements relating to the Company’s exploration and development plans, the potential of its mineral projects, financing activities, regulatory approvals, market conditions, and future objectives. Forward-looking information involves numerous risks and uncertainties and actual results might differ materially from results suggested in any forward-looking information. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, market volatility, the state of financial markets for the Company’s securities, fluctuations in commodity prices, operational challenges, and changes in business plans.
Forward-looking information is based on several key expectations and assumptions, including, without limitation, that the Company will continue with its stated business objectives and will be able to raise additional capital as required. Although management of the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated, or intended.
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