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Mark Carney’s Climate Strategy: Balancing Carbon Policy, Trade, and Energy Security

On April 29, 2025, Mark Carney led Canada’s Liberal Party to a narrow electoral victory, securing a fourth consecutive term for the party. Carney, a former central banker and UN Special Envoy for Climate Action and Finance, now leads Canada’s climate policy. 

Carney is now tasked with an urgent balancing act: easing economic pressures while advancing ambitious climate goals — at a time when both inflation and demand for climate action are rising.

Reforming Carbon Pricing: From Consumer Tax to Industrial Focus

One of Carney’s first actions as Prime Minister was to scrap the consumer carbon tax. This tax, introduced in 2019, grew unpopular as living costs rose. The tax, which was set to reach $170 per tonne by 2030, was repealed in an effort to alleviate financial burdens on households.

Canada carbon price per tonne yearly
Source: RBN Energy LLC website

After its removal, gasoline prices in Canada fell sharply. Average gasoline prices dropped by 8–12 cents per liter nationwide. Some provinces saw drops of more than 10 cents per liter. Many Canadians welcomed this immediate relief. This was especially true in areas where energy costs make up a large part of household expenses.

Carney suggests replacing the consumer tax. He wants to encourage greener choices for consumers and improve carbon pricing for industries. This plan maintains output-based pricing for big polluters. It also adds subsidies for electric vehicles and home upgrades.

The output-based pricing system (OBPS) aims to hold high-emission industries accountable. It also gives flexibility to sectors that face international competition or are trade-exposed.

It uses the same carbon price as the old consumer tax — $65 per tonne of CO₂ now, rising to $170 per tonne by 2030. Instead of charging companies for every tonne of emissions, the government sets performance targets based on how much pollution is normal for their industry.

If a company pollutes more than its target, it must buy carbon credits or pay the carbon price. If it pollutes less, it earns credits that it can sell. This system lets industries avoid paying the full carbon price on all their emissions, but still pushes them to be more efficient.

The government is targeting industrial emitters. This plan focuses on the biggest sources of greenhouse gases. It also reduces the financial burden on everyday Canadians.

Carney’s plan also includes robust support for green technology adoption. Subsidies for electric vehicles help speed up the shift to cleaner transport. Incentives for home retrofits promote energy efficiency and reduce emissions in homes. These efforts include public awareness campaigns. They aim to help Canadians make smart choices about energy use and their carbon footprint.

Carney’s shift to industrial carbon pricing is complemented by a new international trade tool — the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

Introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism 

Carney wants to tackle carbon leakage and stay competitive, and thus, he plans to implement the CBAM. This policy would set tariffs on imports from countries with weaker carbon rules. Thus, it encourages global emission cuts and helps protect local industries.

The CBAM helps Canadian manufacturers compete better. Without it, they may have higher costs from local climate policies than their international rivals.

The introduction of the CBAM marks a significant shift in Canada’s approach to climate policy. Carney’s government wants to align trade policy with climate goals. This way, it can encourage other countries to improve their carbon rules. This approach shows global trends. The European Union and other regions are moving toward similar systems.

However, implementing the CBAM needs careful coordination with trading partners. It must also follow World Trade Organization rules to prevent disputes.

Balancing Energy Development and Environmental Goals

Carney envisions Canada as a leader in both clean and conventional energy sectors. His administration wants to create a national energy corridor to help share energy resources across the country. It will also cut dependence on the United States and boost energy security.

The new corridor will help move electricity, oil, and natural gas more efficiently. This way, provinces can share resources and take advantage of their strengths in energy production.

While promoting clean energy investments, Carney also acknowledges the role of traditional energy sources in Canada’s economy. Oil and gas are key to GDP and jobs, especially in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Carney stresses the need to work together with provinces, territories, and Indigenous communities. This teamwork is key for energy projects that support both environmental and economic goals. This involves helping to build renewable energy systems like wind and solar. It also ensures that current industries can shift to lower-carbon operations.

The government’s approach is practical. It knows that quickly moving away from fossil fuels might hurt the economy. Instead, Carney advocates for a gradual transition, supported by investment in innovation and skills development to prepare workers for the jobs of the future. 

The Global Stage Awaits — Can Canada Deliver?

Although Canada accounts for roughly 1.5% of global emissions, its advanced economy and resource wealth position it as a key player in shaping international climate policy.

Carney has extensive experience in global finance and climate advocacy. This enables him to play a significant role in international climate discussions. As a former Governor of the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada, he brings credibility and expertise to the global stage.

Canada will play a bigger role in groups like the UNFCCC and the G7. It will push for teamwork on carbon pricing, sustainable finance, and climate adaptation.

However, Carney faces challenges at home. He must work with a minority government and tackle regional gaps in support for climate policies. Provinces that depend on fossil fuels might oppose federal plans. This means they need to negotiate carefully and design policies that help everyone meet emission reduction goals.

Canada has promised to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 40–45% below 2005 levels by 2030 as part of the Paris Agreement. The country also aims to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. 

Canada 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan
Canada 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan

The Canadian Climate Institute estimated that the carbon tax would have helped lower emissions by 8–9% by 2030. The carbon tax applies to emissions from transportation and buildings. On the other hand, the industrial carbon pricing systems could cut around 20-48% of emissions by 2030, as shown below.

Canada emissions reductions from climate policies
Source: Canadian Climate Institute & Navius Research

Even though the tax on consumers is gone, government rebates for electric vehicles and home upgrades will still help reduce emissions in these areas. Without the tax, Canada will need new policies to stay on track, and Carney’s administration will be on it. 

Carney’s Climate Balancing Act

Public opinion remains divided. Some Canadians prioritize economic growth and energy affordability; others demand more ambitious climate action.

Prime Minister Mark Carney’s challenge will be to bridge these divides. He needs to show that environmental responsibility and economic prosperity can go hand in hand.

Carney’s climate strategy reflects a pragmatic approach: balancing the need for economic stability with environmental responsibility. Carney wants to shift Canada from consumer-based carbon pricing to industrial regulation and international methods like the CBAM. This change aims to make the country a strong and innovative leader in global climate efforts.

As Canada works to reach its climate goals, the world will be watching. If successful, Carney’s balanced approach could offer a model for nations seeking both economic resilience and climate leadership.

The post Mark Carney’s Climate Strategy: Balancing Carbon Policy, Trade, and Energy Security appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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Joby Aviation’s 2027 Vision: Four Electric Air Taxis per Month and Stronger Emission Cuts Amid Advanced Air Mobility Boom

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Joby Aviation is moving into a new phase of growth and confidence. The company, which is developing electric air taxis for commercial passenger travel, announced major investments to double its manufacturing capacity in the United States. By 2027, Joby plans to build four aircraft per month, showing how serious it is about leading the future of advanced air mobility.

This expansion aligns with rising global support for electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. With strong demand, government backing, growing partnerships, and accelerating certification progress, Joby is positioning itself at the front of a rapidly emerging industry.

Joby’s New Strategy: Building More Aircraft, Faster

Joby’s production growth plan is based on real industry momentum. The company already operates manufacturing facilities in California and Ohio, both of which will support the production ramp-up.

Recently, Joby revealed that it has over $1 billion in potential aircraft and service sales, highlighting confidence from customers and governments. At the same time, support from U.S. authorities has strengthened. The country’s eVTOL Integration Pilot Program, announced in September, aims to speed up the launch of air taxi services.

A Presidential Executive Order has directed the Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to allow mature eVTOL aircraft to begin operations in select cities as early as next year, even before full certification is completed.

According to Joby founder and CEO JoeBen Bevirt, this moment marks the beginning of a “new golden age of aviation.” He believes Joby will soon be one of the few companies in the world capable of building aircraft at high volumes while maintaining quality and safety.

Given the maturity of its air taxi program and the level of market demand, Joby says now is the right time to invest in equipment, facilities, and skilled workers. The company is already purchasing new capital equipment and expanding operations to support non-stop, round-the-clock manufacturing in California.

In July, Joby completed an expanded factory in Marina, California. In October, it began producing propeller blades in Ohio, ahead of bigger manufacturing activities planned in the state. These milestones show that Joby is not just announcing plans—it is actively executing them.

Toyota Partnership Strengthens Manufacturing Power

A key pillar of Joby’s growth strategy is its long-term collaboration with Toyota Motor Corporation. In May 2025, Joby closed the first $250 million tranche of a strategic investment from Toyota. Both companies are now finalizing a strategic manufacturing alliance designed to support Joby’s production ramp-up.

Toyota brings decades of expertise in high-volume, precision manufacturing, something that could be a game-changer as aviation transitions toward electric mobility. Joby has credited Toyota’s knowledge and guidance as essential to scaling up safely and efficiently.

Together, the companies share a vision: making electric air taxis a reliable, trusted part of future transportation.

Certification Progress and Flight Readiness

Joby is also moving steadily toward FAA certification. The company recently began power-on testing of the first FAA-conforming aircraft built for Type Inspection Authorization (TIA). This is the final and most critical stage of FAA Type Certification, during which FAA test pilots will fly Joby’s aircraft themselves. Four additional FAA-conforming aircraft required for TIA are already under production.

Meanwhile, Joby ended 2025 on a strong note with its final international flight demonstration of the year at Japan’s Fuji Speedway. Conducted in partnership with Toyota, the campaign included 14 piloted flights and marked Joby’s fourth major global demonstration of the year.

This capped a year filled with progress. In 2025 alone, Joby completed more than 850 flights across its fleet, logging over 50,000 miles, a 2.6× increase from the previous year. This expanding flight activity is essential for collecting real-world performance data, validating design decisions, and proving reliability.

Proving Real-World Operations Around the Globe

Joby’s aircraft flew in three major markets in 2025—the United States, the United Arab Emirates, and Japan. Highlights included:

  • 41 flights at the World Expo 2025 in Osaka
  • 21 flights in the UAE during environmental and operational testing
  • Active participation in the Dubai Airshow, where Joby was the only eVTOL aircraft to perform a full week of flights

Joby also completed point-to-point flights between public airports, including routes between Marina and Monterey and Marina and Salinas in California. In the UAE, Joby completed the first piloted point-to-point air taxi flight from Margham to Al Maktoum International Airport.

The company also advanced future technologies. It successfully flew a turbine-electric demonstrator aircraft, only three months after first revealing the concept, proving how fast it can innovate. Meanwhile, Joby’s Superpilot™ autonomous flight technology logged over 7,000 miles during a major U.S. defense exercise.

Overall, Joby’s aircraft covered more than 9,000 miles in 2025, supporting over 4,900 test objectives. This data is now feeding directly into final FAA certification activities and helping finalize operating and maintenance manuals.

Cleaner Growth in the Skies: Joby Expands While Cutting Emissions

Joby sees urban air mobility as a strong complement to existing transportation, offering faster, quieter, and cleaner travel. Its fully electric air taxi reduces emissions per passenger, and in 2024, the company also demonstrated hydrogen-electric flight, showing potential for longer-range operations.

joby aviation
Source: JOBY

Despite a 29% rise in energy use due to manufacturing growth, Joby cut emissions by 44% in 2024 by relying on renewable electricity.

  • Renewable electricity use increased 19% from 2023
  • 84% of facility power came from renewables, including 3% from on-site solar
  • Employees used 268,355 kWh for EV charging, replacing about 7,182 gallons of gasoline

Thus, the company continues to scale while lowering its environmental footprint.

JOBY AVIATION EMISSIONS
Source: JOBY

AAM: A Growing Market With Huge Potential

Joby’s expansion is happening within a booming global Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) market. Industry forecasts suggest:

  • Analysts say global AAM revenue could reach $1.76 billion by the end of 2025, with some estimates much higher. By 2035, the market could soar to $90.3 billion, growing at more than 20% CAGR
  • Urban Air Mobility (UAM), a key segment, could jump from $6.59 billion in 2025 to $126 billion by 2035

Infrastructure development, including vertiports and air traffic systems, will help unlock this growth.

URBAN AIR MOBILITY AAM
Source: Future Market Insights

At the same time, Joby’s own market outlook is strong. The Joby eVTOL aircraft market was valued at $1.4 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $13.8 billion by 2033, growing at a robust 28.7% CAGR. As cities face congestion and pollution challenges, clean electric air taxis are emerging as a real solution for passenger travel, logistics, and emergency response.

Significantly, JOBY stock (NYSE: JOBY) trades at $13.85, up 4.92% or $0.65 today amid positive momentum from manufacturing expansions and certification progress.

JOBY stock
Source: Yahoo Finance

If Joby succeeds, daily mobility could change forever. Short, fast, zero-emission air taxi flights may soon become as normal as booking a ride-share today. And with global governments and major companies backing the vision, the world appears ready for this new era of aviation.

ALSO READ:

The post Joby Aviation’s 2027 Vision: Four Electric Air Taxis per Month and Stronger Emission Cuts Amid Advanced Air Mobility Boom appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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Stay in the game: What CSRD means for supplier carbon footprints in 2026

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For years, sustainability reporting sat squarely on the shoulders of large corporations. Smaller suppliers were rarely pulled into the process, and certainly not at a detailed data level. That landscape is changing fast. With the introduction of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), big companies are now expected to publish structured, verifiable climate information—and they can only do this with their suppliers’ support.

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Tesla Tests Driverless Robotaxis in Austin While Analysts Predict 1 Million by 2035 Growth, Sending Stocks Up

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Tesla Tests Driverless Robotaxis in Austin While Analysts Predict 1 Million by 2035 Growth, Sending Stocks Up

Tesla (TSLA) is making big progress in testing driverless robotaxis on public roads and attracting attention from analysts and investors. The company started testing its self-driving cars in Austin, Texas, on December 15. No human safety monitor was on board. This was a milestone that Tesla’s leaders said would happen by year’s end. This shift represents a key part of the EV giant’s long‑term strategy for autonomous vehicles and future mobility services.

At the same time, Wall Street firms, including Morgan Stanley, are issuing forecasts about Tesla’s robotaxi plans and their potential impact on the company’s future. Analysts calculate the scale of robotaxi fleets and potential valuation effects over the next decade.

These changes have kept Tesla’s stock in the spotlight for investors and the market, even with challenges in electric vehicle sales growth.

Driverless Robotaxis Hit Austin Streets

Tesla (TSLA stock)  began testing its self-driving cars on public roads in Austin, Texas. There were no human drivers or safety monitors in the front seats. CEO Elon Musk confirmed that fully driverless tests are happening. He sees this as an important step toward commercial operation.

Earlier in 2025, Tesla had already launched a limited robotaxi service in Austin using modified Model Y vehicles. Initially, these vehicles included a human safety monitor in the passenger seat to observe system performance.

Over the months, Tesla grew its service area and fleet size. By December 2025, reports showed about 31 active robotaxis operating in the city.

Recent tests without monitors show progress. However, they are still for internal validation, not for daily commercial use. Tesla confirmed that tests aren’t open to paying customers yet. The company hasn’t provided a specific date for when fully autonomous rides will be available to the public.

The Technology Behind Tesla’s Autonomous Effort

Tesla’s autonomous driving push relies on its Full Self‑Driving (FSD) software and onboard sensors. The FSD system can manage various driving situations. It uses cameras, radar inputs, and neural network processing. This differs from some competitors that rely on additional sensors such as LiDAR for redundancy.

In June 2025, Tesla shared its Q2 tech update. The company boosted AI training by adding tens of thousands of GPUs at its Gigafactory in Texas. This expansion supports improvements in FSD, where the company reported its first autonomous delivery. A Model Y drove itself without human help for 30 minutes.

Vehicles with FSD software need regulatory approval to drive on their own. In the Austin pilot, removing physical safety monitors marks progress toward that goal. Achieving fully reliable, unsupervised autonomy is still a challenge. This is true, especially when it comes to safety standards and different road conditions.

Wall Street Eyes Tesla’s Robotaxi Potential, Sending Stock Near Record Highs

Tesla’s autonomous ambitions are closely watched by financial analysts. Morgan Stanley just shared forecasts that say Tesla could greatly grow its robotaxi presence in the next 10 years.

The bank says Tesla might have 1 million robotaxis on the road by 2035. These will operate in various cities as part of its autonomous fleet plan.

Morgan Stanley’s analysis sees active robotaxi units growing in 2026. However, the first fleets will be small compared to the long-term plan. The forecasts show the possible size of the autonomous vehicle market. They also highlight Tesla’s role in this growth. However, there are uncertainties tied to technology and regulations.

Stock markets have reacted to these developments. Tesla’s stock price nearly hit record highs. It rose almost 5% during trading sessions. Investors were excited about progress in driverless testing and the promise of future autonomous revenue. Analysts say Tesla’s value might go up more if its autonomous services and AI products perform well.

Tesla stock december price

Tesla’s Vision for Autonomous Mobility Services

Tesla’s robotaxi initiative fits into its broader vision of mobility services and artificial intelligence (AI)‑driven transport. The company plans to launch purpose-built autonomous vehicles, like the Cybercab. These vehicles won’t have traditional controls, such as steering wheels or pedals. They aim for mass production in April 2026.

Tesla sees a future where owners can add their cars to a decentralized robotaxi network. This could boost fleet availability and usage. This strategy could shift parts of Tesla’s revenue profile away from vehicle sales toward recurring service revenues if adopted at scale. The global robotaxi market could reach over $45 billion in 2030, as shown below.

robotaxi market 2030
Source: MarketsandMarkets

Analysts say that major technical, regulatory, and safety issues still stand in the way of robotaxis operating widely and making a profit. Building public trust, meeting varied local regulations, and demonstrating consistent safety across different road environments will be key factors in future deployment.

Tesla vs Competitors and Safety Regulations

Tesla is not alone in the autonomous vehicle race. Other companies, such as Alphabet’s Waymo, owned by Alphabet, have been operating fully autonomous services in multiple cities for several years and continue to expand.

The company operates about 2,500 robotaxis across multiple cities. Waymo has logged millions of paid autonomous rides and already meets higher autonomy standards in some regions. In comparison, Tesla operates around 31 robotaxis in Austin, with plans to expand to several major U.S. cities by 2026.

Waymo Robotaxi Fleet and CO₂ Avoidance by City

Tesla chose camera-centric sensors over multi-sensor arrays. This decision shows their focus on scalability and cost. Critics and some experts argue that adding LiDAR or other sensors could improve safety and performance under challenging conditions.

Regulators also play an important role. In some states, pilot autonomously driven services are permitted under special testing allowances. Widespread commercial use needs approval from both state and federal agencies. This ensures that vehicles meet safety and operational standards.

What’s Next for Tesla’s Driverless Fleets

Tesla’s move to test robotaxis without onboard safety monitors in Austin marks a clear technical milestone, though it is not yet a commercial service. The company’s next steps will likely focus on scaling test fleets, improving software robustness, and navigating regulatory approvals to allow expanded operations in other cities in 2026 and beyond.

Morgan Stanley and other analysts think robotaxis might play a big role in Tesla’s growth. They could boost service revenue as traditional vehicle sales slow down. However, forecasts at this stage remain based on long‑range assumptions about adoption, pricing, and regulatory landscapes.

Investor sentiment has been mixed. Stock movements show excitement about tech advances but also worry about short-term vehicle sales and profit pressures in the auto industry.

Overall, Tesla’s autonomous ambitions continue to shape its corporate strategy and public profile. The speed of robotaxi rollout, along with improvements in Full Self-Driving software and AI, will be key to seeing if the company can shift from an EV maker to a driverless mobility platform.

The post Tesla Tests Driverless Robotaxis in Austin While Analysts Predict 1 Million by 2035 Growth, Sending Stocks Up appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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