As governments across the world push for cleaner energy, the competition between India and China for cleantech dominance intensifies. China’s early investment in clean energy technology and manufacturing has given it a significant lead. However, India is rapidly building its capacity, aiming to grab the spotlight in the global market.
This analysis explores the current landscape, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and what lies ahead for both nations in the cleantech race.
China’s Technological Edge and Cost Advantage
China remains a global leader in clean energy manufacturing. The country’s investments in solar PV, battery technology, and wind energy have solidified its dominance. China’s advantage stems from its ability to manufacture at a lower cost while maintaining high technological sophistication.
For instance, in solar PV manufacturing, China controls key parts of the supply chain, including wafers and polysilicon, both essential for solar panel production.
S&P Global highlighted that while countries like India are taking big steps, China’s manufacturing output and efficiency continue to overshadow most nations. Its cleantech products are not only produced at a lower cost but have also overcome previous concerns about quality. This quality and competitive pricing have allowed Chinese manufacturers to grow their market share, even in sectors like wind energy, where they face strong competition.
According to a Wood Mackenzie report, China now commands the manufacturing landscape across major clean technologies.
- It holds 60% of the wind foundation market and an impressive 97% share of solar PV wafer production.
- China’s dominance extends beyond manufacturing, with booming electric vehicle (EV) sales further highlighting its leadership in the sector.

India’s Growing Investment in Cleantech Market
India is starting to invest more in its global cleantech market. This is getting a push with its low-cost manufacturing base and government support.
For example, the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, has helped reduce solar PV manufacturing costs by up to 24%, making India competitive in the global market. This program aims to establish domestic manufacturing for critical clean energy components like solar modules and batteries.
Additionally, India’s energy efficiency program has been in place for years, and the country recently introduced a hydrogen policy focused on producing low-carbon hydrogen through domestic electrolyzer manufacturing.
India’s clean energy sector has seen a massive uptick in investment. In 2023, the country invested $68 billion in clean energy projects, a 40% increase compared to the 2016-2020 average. Almost 50% of this spending was directed toward low-emissions power generation, particularly solar PV.
Conversely, India’s fossil fuel investments also grew by 6% to $33 billion in 2023, as the country continued to grapple with rising fuel demand.
Image: Past and future energy investment in India in the Announced Pledges Scenario and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, 2016-2030
Source: IEA
After evaluating the current scenario, we can say that India is on the brink of a clean energy revolution. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s commitment to add 500 gigawatts (GW) of clean energy by 2030 will certainly help India to be a global leader in renewable energy. But the question remains how is the country planning to meet this ambitious target?
2024 Looks Rosy for India…
After years of slow progress, 2024 has marked a turning point for India’s renewable energy sector. Solar panels and wind turbines are being installed at a commendable pace. Media reports reveal that 18.8 GW of new renewable energy capacity was added till August this year. This way more than the total capacity of last year.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), India is on track to add 34 GW by the end of the year, with projections showing growth will nearly double to 62 GW annually by 2030.
On October 14, India’s power ministry announced a plan to upgrade its power grid to support renewable energy expansion through 2032. The project involves a $109 billion investment and aims to bolster Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision for clean India.
India is also benefiting from Western countries’ efforts to diversify supply chains and reduce reliance on China. The US and the EU have enacted tariffs and trade restrictions on Chinese products, giving Indian manufacturers an opening to supply premium-priced markets, particularly in solar PV. By 2028, S&P Global predicts that India could become the second-largest solar PV manufacturing region after China.
Industry experts predict that this rapid expansion might outpace China’s growth rate in the second half of the decade, positioning India as the world’s fastest-growing clean energy market.
But is it as rosy as it seems to be? The answer is probably no. We unlock the challenges below.
- READ MORE: Tata’s $11 Billion Leap: India’s First Semiconductor Fab in Partnership with Taiwan’s PSMC
A Lingering Challenge for India’s Clean Tech Future
However, India still faces several challenges. Despite the progress and one of the fastest growing economies, Indian manufacturers remain dependent on China for inputs like wafers and polysilicon. Thus, India is not yet 100% self-sufficient in these areas.
Furthermore, as the country is growing so does its energy demand. By 2050, energy demand in India is expected to outpace every other region in the world. This growing demand could put enormous pressure on its energy system, which still heavily relies on imported fossil fuels like crude oil and natural gas.
And with this rising demand comes the risk of increased carbon emissions, particularly if fossil fuel consumption continues to grow for transportation, power generation, and industrial use.
S&P Global analyzed that India is also moving slower than China in wind energy and battery manufacturing, While the country is scaling up battery production, it’s unclear whether it can meet its goal of self-sufficiency by 2030. In wind energy, India’s infrastructure is better suited for onshore projects, and it may struggle to compete with China in the growing offshore wind market.
Risks of Trade Barriers and Global Oversupply
One of the major risks facing India’s cleantech expansion is potential trade barriers. As the US and EU focus on domestic reindustrialization, Indian cleantech exports could become targets for new tariffs, especially in sectors like solar PV and batteries. There’s a delicate balance between encouraging global supply chain diversification and protecting domestic industries.
Additionally, in some cleantech sectors like electrolyzers, global oversupply could make it difficult for Indian manufacturers to remain competitive. Although India is expected to produce more electrolyzers than it needs by 2030, stiff competition from established players could drive prices down, potentially limiting India’s growth in this space.

Can India Compete Without China?
China dominates global supply chains, making it unrealistic for India to fully take over its manufacturing space, according to the Economic Survey 2023-24. The survey, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, emphasized that India may need Chinese investment and technology to boost its manufacturing sector. Instead of distancing from China, partnering with its expertise could be key to driving India’s cleantech growth.
The Survey pointed out that,
“It may not be the most prudent approach to think that India can take up the slack from China vacating certain spaces in manufacturing. Indeed, recent data cast doubt on whether China is even vacating light manufacturing.”
This is self-explanatory.
China’s dominance in the cleantech sector is undeniable, but India is making strides to close the gap. With strategic government support and lower production costs, India has the potential to become a key supplier of cleantech products to the US and Europe.

Source: Climate Energy Finance
This shows that China’s lead in technology and cost efficiency will secure its position as a global leader for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, India’s future success will depend on overcoming its reliance on Chinese inputs. Some viable options are accelerating technological advancements and avoiding trade barriers that could hinder its growth.
From reliable economic surveys and reports, we can conclude that while India may not surpass China anytime soon, its role in the global cleantech supply chain is expanding, and the competition has just begun…
The post India’s Cleantech Boom: Can It Challenge China’s Reign? appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Climate Impact Partners Unveils High-Quality Carbon Credits from Sabah Rainforest in Malaysia
The voluntary carbon market is changing. Buyers are no longer focused only on large volumes of cheap credits. Instead, they want projects with strong science, long-term monitoring, and clear proof that carbon has truly been removed from the atmosphere. That shift is drawing more attention to high-integrity, nature-based projects.
One project now gaining that spotlight is the Sabah INFAPRO rainforest rehabilitation project in Malaysia. Climate Impact Partners announced that the project is now issuing verified carbon removal credits, opening access to one of the highest-quality nature-based removals currently available in the global market.
Restoring One of the World’s Richest Rainforest Ecosystems
The project is located in Sabah, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This region is home to tropical dipterocarp rainforest, one of the richest forest ecosystems on Earth. These forests store huge amounts of carbon and support extraordinary biodiversity. Some dipterocarp trees can grow up to 70 meters tall, creating habitat for orangutans, pygmy elephants, gibbons, sun bears, and the critically endangered Sumatran rhino.
However, the forest within the INFAPRO project area was not intact. In the 1980s, selective logging removed many of the most valuable tree species, especially large dipterocarps. That caused serious ecological damage. Once the key mother trees were gone, natural regeneration became much harder. Young seedlings also had to compete with dense vines and shrubs, which slowed the forest’s recovery.
To repair that damage, the INFAPRO project was launched in the Ulu-Segama forestry management unit in eastern Sabah.
- The project has restored more than 25,000 hectares of logged-over rainforest.
- It was developed by Face the Future in cooperation with Yayasan Sabah, while Climate Impact Partners has supported the project and helped bring its credits to market.
Why Sabah’s Carbon Removals are Attracting Attention
What makes Sabah INFAPRO different is not only the size of the restoration effort. It is also the way the project measured carbon gains.

Many forest carbon projects issue credits in annual vintages based on year-by-year growth estimates. Sabah INFAPRO followed a different path. It used a landscape-scale monitoring system and waited until the forest moved through its strongest natural growth period before issuing removal credits.
- This approach gives the credits more weight. Rather than relying mainly on short-term annual estimates, the project measured carbon sequestration over a longer period. That helps show that the forest delivered real, sustained, and measurable carbon removal.
The scientific backing is also unusually strong. Since 2007, the project has maintained nearly 400 permanent monitoring plots. These plots have allowed researchers, independent auditors, and technical specialists to observe the full growth cycle of dipterocarp forest recovery. The result is a large body of field data that supports carbon calculations and strengthens confidence in the credits.
In simple terms, buyers are not just being asked to trust a model. They are being shown years of direct forest monitoring across the project landscape.
Strong Ratings Support Market Confidence
Independent assessment has also lifted the project’s profile. BeZero awarded Sabah INFAPRO an A.pre overall rating and an AA score for permanence. That places the project among the highest-rated Improved Forest Management, or IFM, projects in the world.
The rating reflects several important strengths. First, the project has very low exposure to reversal risk. Second, it has a long and stable operating history. Third, its measured carbon gains align well with peer-reviewed ecological research and independent analysis.
These points matter in today’s market. Buyers have become more cautious after years of debate over the quality of some forest carbon credits. As a result, they now look more closely at durability, transparency, and third-party validation. Sabah INFAPRO’s rating helps answer those concerns and makes the project more attractive to companies looking for credible carbon removal.
The project is also registered with Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard under the name INFAPRO Rehabilitation of Logged-over Dipterocarp Forest in Sabah, Malaysia. That adds another level of market recognition and verification.
A Wider Model for Rainforest Recovery
Sabah INFAPRO also shows why high-quality nature-based projects are about more than carbon alone. The restoration effort supports broader ecological recovery in one of the world’s most important rainforest regions.
Climate Impact Partners said it has worked with project partners to restore degraded areas, run local training programs, carry out monthly forest patrols, and distribute seedlings to support rainforest recovery beyond the project boundary. These efforts help strengthen the wider landscape and expand the project’s environmental impact.
That broader value is becoming more important for buyers. Companies increasingly want projects that support biodiversity, ecosystem health, and local engagement, along with carbon removal. Sabah INFAPRO offers that mix, making it a stronger fit for the market’s shift toward higher-integrity credits.

The post Climate Impact Partners Unveils High-Quality Carbon Credits from Sabah Rainforest in Malaysia appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story
Bitcoin’s recent drop below $70,000 reflects more than short-term market pressure. It signals a deeper shift. The world’s largest cryptocurrency is becoming increasingly tied to global energy markets.
For years, Bitcoin has moved mainly on investor sentiment, adoption trends, and regulation. Today, another force is shaping its direction: the cost of energy.
As oil prices rise and electricity markets tighten, Bitcoin is starting to behave less like a tech asset and more like an energy-dependent system. This shift is changing how investors, analysts, and policymakers understand crypto.
A Global Power Consumer: Inside Bitcoin’s Energy Use
Bitcoin depends on mining, a process that uses powerful computers to verify transactions. These machines run continuously and consume large amounts of electricity.
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration shows Bitcoin mining used between 67 and 240 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity in 2023, with a midpoint estimate of about 120 TWh.

Other estimates place consumption closer to 170 TWh per year in 2025. This accounts for roughly 0.5% of global electricity demand. Recently, as of February 2026, estimates see Bitcoin’s energy use reaching over 200 TWh per year.
That level of energy use is significant. Global electricity demand reached about 27,400 TWh in 2023. Bitcoin’s share may seem small, but it is comparable to the power use of mid-sized countries.
The network also requires steady power. Estimates suggest it draws around 10 gigawatts continuously, similar to several large power plants operating at full capacity. This constant demand makes energy costs central to Bitcoin’s economics.
When Oil Rises, Bitcoin Falls
Bitcoin mining is highly sensitive to electricity prices. Energy is the highest operating cost for miners. When power becomes more expensive, profit margins shrink.
Recent market movements show this link clearly. As oil prices rise and inflation concerns persist, energy costs have increased. At the same time, Bitcoin prices have weakened, falling below the $70,000 level.

This is not a coincidence. Studies show a direct relationship between Bitcoin prices, mining activity, and electricity use. When Bitcoin prices rise, more miners join the network, increasing energy demand. When energy costs rise, less efficient miners may shut down, reducing activity and adding selling pressure.
This creates a feedback loop between crypto and energy markets. Bitcoin is no longer driven only by demand and speculation. It is now influenced by the same forces that affect oil, gas, and power prices.
Cleaner Energy Use Is Growing, but Fossil Fuels Still Matter
Bitcoin’s environmental impact depends on its energy mix. This mix is improving, but it remains uneven.
A 2025 study from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance found that 52.4% of Bitcoin mining now uses sustainable energy. This includes both renewable sources (42.6%) and nuclear power (9.8%). The share has risen significantly from about 37.6% in 2022.
Despite this progress, fossil fuels still account for a large portion of mining energy. Natural gas alone makes up about 38.2%, while coal continues to contribute a smaller share.

This reliance on fossil fuels keeps emissions high. Current estimates suggest Bitcoin produces more than 114 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. That puts it in line with emissions from some industrial sectors.
The shift toward cleaner energy is real, but it is not complete. The pace of change will play a key role in how Bitcoin fits into global climate goals.
Bitcoin’s Climate Debate Intensifies
Bitcoin’s growing energy demand has placed it at the center of ESG discussions. Its impact is often measured through three key areas:
- Total electricity use, which rivals that of entire countries.
- Carbon emissions are estimated at over 100 million tons of CO₂ annually.
- Energy intensity, with a single transaction using large amounts of power.

At the same time, the industry is evolving. Mining companies are adopting more efficient hardware and exploring new energy sources. Some operations use excess renewable power or capture waste energy, such as flare gas from oil fields.
These efforts show progress, but they do not fully address the concerns. The gap between Bitcoin’s energy use and its environmental impact remains a key issue for investors and regulators.
- MUST READ: Bitcoin Price Hits All-Time High Above $126K: ETFs, Market Drivers, and the Future of Digital Gold
Bitcoin Is Becoming Part of the Energy System
Bitcoin mining is now closely integrated with the broader energy system. Operators often choose locations based on access to cheap or excess electricity. This includes areas with strong renewable generation or underused energy resources.
This integration creates both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, mining can support energy systems by using power that might otherwise go to waste. It can also provide flexible demand that helps stabilize grids.
On the other hand, it can increase pressure on local electricity supplies and extend the use of fossil fuels if cleaner options are not available.
In the United States, Bitcoin mining could account for up to 2.3% of total electricity demand in certain scenarios. This highlights how quickly the sector is scaling and how closely it is tied to national energy systems.
Energy Markets Are Now Key to Bitcoin’s Future
Looking ahead, the connection between Bitcoin and energy is expected to grow stronger. The network’s computing power, or hash rate, continues to reach new highs, which typically leads to higher energy use.
Electricity will remain the main cost for miners. This means Bitcoin will continue to respond to changes in energy prices and supply conditions. At the same time, governments are starting to pay closer attention to crypto’s environmental impact, which could shape future regulations.

Some forecasts suggest Bitcoin’s energy use could rise sharply if adoption increases, potentially reaching up to 400 TWh in extreme scenarios. However, cleaner energy systems could reduce the carbon impact over time.
Bitcoin is no longer just a financial asset. It is also a large-scale energy consumer and a growing part of the global power system.
As a result, understanding Bitcoin now requires a broader view. Energy prices, electricity markets, and carbon trends are becoming just as important as market demand and investor sentiment.
The message is clear. As energy markets move, Bitcoin is likely to move with them.
The post Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
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