The European Union’s executive arm has proposed a target to cut the bloc’s net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% but, after protests, backed away from a target for farmers to reduce their emissions.
Yesterday, the European Commission recommended a 90% cut on 1990 levels by 2040 to complement the existing targets to reduce net emissions 55% by 2030 and 100% by 2050.
This is the lower end of the 90-95% range called for by the EU’s scientific climate advisers. But it was the most ambitious of the three targets the Commission was considering. The others were 80% and 85-90%.
After the EU elections in June, the next Commission will decide whether to accept this recommendation and work with member states and the EU parliament to turn it into law.
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The recommendation drew a mixed reaction from campaigners. Jeroen Gerlag from Climate Group Europe said the EU had “boldly signalled its climate leadership” but Friends of the Earth’s Colin Roche said it “fails its historic responsiblity to tackle the climate crisis”.
While most major nations set goals to reduce emissions by 2030 and target dates to reach net zero, the European Union is the first to float a 2040 emissions reduction target.
Farm emissions
The Commission backed away from spelling out how agriculture should contribute to the headline goal. A previous draft recommendation, seen by Euractiv and others, said that farming was “one of the core areas to reduce [greenhouse gas] emissions” and “it should be possible” for farming to cut its emissions by at least 20% by 2040 compared to 2015.
This did not make it into the final document. Neither did a reference to applying carbon pricing to farming or to “healthier diets based on diversified protein intake”, a reference to eating less meat.
Marco Contiero, Greenpeace’s EU agriculture policy director accused the Commission of “ignoring scientific advice on helping farmers move away from overproduction of meat and dairy, [which] makes climate change worse”. Agriculture accounts for around 10% of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions.
This backtracking follows farmers’ protests across Europe against plans to protect nature and reduce emissions, with anger at several national governments’ plans to reduce taxpayer subsidies for fossil fuels used in farming.
At a press conference yesterday, the EU’s lead climate diplomat Wopke Hoekstra was asked if backing down to protesting farmers gave them too much power. He replied that “we need to make sure that there is broad enough support to continue on this journey together”.
In 2022, farmers protests in Australia and New Zealand led to measures to tackle farming’s emissions being watered down and the farming lobby in Brazil has pushed against measures to stop the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
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EU floats 90% emissions target but drops green farming measures
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The Turkish government has announced the dates and venues for the COP31 leaders’ summit and pre-COP meetings, and appointed a Turkish waste campaigner and Australian cattle farmer as climate “champions”.
In an open letter, published by the UN climate body on Tuesday, the Turkish environment minister and COP31 President-Designate Murat Kurum said the COP31 World Leaders’ Summit, at which dozens of heads of government are expected, will take place in Antalya, on Türkiye’s south coast, on November 11 and 12.
Previous leaders’ summits have taken place on the first two days of the COP negotiations or, at last year’s conference in Belém, before the start. But this year’s gathering will take place on the third and fourth day (Wednesday and Thursday) of the November 9-20 talks. Kurum said the summit “will be a key moment in generating political momentum and visibility for COP31”.
Last November, when Türkiye was chosen as host of the annual UN climate summit, Kurum said that, while the negotiations would be in the resort city of Antalya, the leaders’ summit would take place in the country’s largest city Istanbul. No explanation for the change of decision was given in Kurum’s letter.
Pacific pre-COP
Every COP conference is preceded by a smaller pre-COP gathering, attended by government climate negotiators. Because of a deal struck with Australia, which gave up its bid to physically host the summit in exchange for leading the COP31 discussions, this year’s pre-COP will take place on the Pacific island of Fiji, with a “leaders’ event” a 2.5-hour flight north in Tuvalu.
Kurum’s letter said both events would take place between October 5-8 and “will contribute to reflecting diverse perspectives in an inclusive manner”.
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The letter confirms that Australia’s climate and energy minister, Chris Bowen, will be given the title of “President of Negotiations” and “will have exclusive authority in leading the COP31 Negotiations, in consultation with Türkiye”.
“I have complete faith in his work,” said Kurum, adding that the two will send out a joint letter “in the coming weeks” which outlines their priorities regarding the negotiations.
The COP negotiations will be discussed at the annual Petersberg Climate Dialogue in Berlin on April 21 and 22. German State Secretary Jochen Flasbarth recently announced plans to travel to Australia and meet with Bowen to discuss the talks.
COP31 champions
In his letter, Kurum announced that Samed Ağırbaş, president of Türkiye’s Zero Waste Foundation, which was set up by the country’s First Lady, has been appointed as the COP31 Climate High-Level Champion, tasked with working with business, cities and regions and civil society to promote climate action.
Sally Higgins, a young Australian cattle farmer and sustainability consultant who has also carried out research on land-use change, has been appointed as Youth Climate Champion. Kurum said she “is a passionate advocate for climate change and elevating the voices of young people”.
Turkish officials Fatma Varank, Halil Hasar and Mehmet Ali Kahraman have been appointed as COP31 CEO, Chief Climate Diplomacy Officer and Director of the COP31 Presidency Office respectively. Deputy environment ministers Ömer Bulut and Burak Demiralp will lead on construction and infrastructure, and operational and logistical processes.
Kurum said Türkiye’s Presidency would continue to use the Troika approach – a term coined two years ago under Azerbaijan’s COP29 Presidency, which worked with the previous Emirati COP28 and subsequent Brazilian COP30 hosts.
Kurum said the Troika approach offers “stability and predictability by connecting past, current and future presidencies” and that “in this regard” Türkiye and Australia would work “in close cooperation with Azerbaijan and Brazil”. This appears to overlook the 2027 COP32 host – Ethiopia.
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Türkiye sets COP31 dates and appoints Australian cattle farmer as youth champion
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