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At the start of the two weeks of talks in Bonn, UN Climate Change supremo Simon Stiell called on negotiators to “make every hour count” and to “move from zero-draft to real options” on a post-2025 finance goal. “We cannot afford to reach Baku with too much work still to do,” he warned. 

But, at the last of Bonn’s sessions on that new climate finance goal on Tuesday afternoon, the chasm between developed and developing countries remained unbridged and, rather than “real options”, all negotiators have to show is a 35-page informal input paper.

Perhaps the biggest divide is over setting a dollar target. Developing countries have put forward figures like $1.1 trillion and $1.3 trillion. Developed nations have suggested nothing other than that it should be higher than the previous $100-billion goal.

“Every time there’s been [one] excuse or another why we couldn’t discuss quantum,” said Saudi’s infuriated negotiator yesterday.

Australia’s representative responded poetically. The number is just the “star on the top of the Christmas tree”, she said – and so should only be decided once the goal’s structure has been defined.

One branch of that Christmas tree is who pays. China’s negotiator was clear it shouldn’t be them – and developing countries have backed him all the way so far. “We have no intention to make your number look good,” he told developed countries.

He was, however, magnanimous enough to wish Swiss negotiator Gabriela Blatter a happy birthday. She later said arguing about all this yet again wasn’t a great way to spend it but invited her fellow negotiators to join her at a Bonn Biergarten last night regardless.

Will an evening on the Kolsch leave negotiators more willing to compromise by the next round of talks (dates yet to be fixed)? More likely that ministers will have to get involved and use their authority to narrow the gaps between the two sides.

Barbados’s representative laid out the real-world stakes, as climate-driven disasters mount. Talks must speed up, he said, before more and more small islands and least-developed countries “disappear from this gathering because we disappear from the planet”.

After tough debates, some of the negotiators headed to one of Bonn’s Biergartens last night. (Photo: Joe Lo)

Climate commentary

Azerbaijan’s critics silenced 

Azerbaijan’s COP29 presidency is pitching this year’s climate summit as an “inclusive” process where “everyone’s voices are heard”. A laudable undertaking that jars with Baku’s intensifying crackdown on media and civil society at home. At least 25 journalists and activists have been arrested over the past year “on a variety of bogus criminal charges”, according to Human Rights Watch.

Dr Gubad Ibadoghlu, a senior visiting fellow at the London School of Economics, is one of them. An active critic of the regime run by President Ilham Aliyev, he led campaigns on oil and gas interests and alleged money laundering in Azerbaijan. In July 2023, Dr Ibadoghlu was arrested on charges of handling counterfeit money and extremism, which were described as “fabricated” by his family and “politically motivated” by a European Parliament resolution.

Climate Home met his daughter, Zhala Bayramova, on the sidelines of the Bonn climate conference, where she is trying to raise awareness of the case.

“They [Azerbaijan authorities] are doing this to him to show off that if this can happen to an LSE professor, then they can do it to anybody,” she said. “They’re trying to create a chilling effect on society.”

She said her father was kept for nine months in an “overcrowded” jail in poor conditions with extremely limited access to medical care and appropriate nutrition. Dr Ibadoghlu suffers from diabetes and high blood pressure, and his health condition rapidly deteriorated during his detention, his family reported. He was released from prison in April but has since been kept under house arrest.

Bayramova hopes the climate summit will bring attention to the plight of political prisoners in Azerbaijan. “Western countries need to uphold human right values,” she said. “We want to be part of the discussion [at COP29] but we don’t have people left because they are in prison. We want to ensure people are released unconditionally.”

Climate Home has reached out to the COP29 presidency for comment.

In a Guardian article published on Wednesday, the Azerbaijan government is quoted as saying: “We totally reject the claims about [a] crackdown against human rights activists and journalists in Azerbaijan. No one is persecuted in Azerbaijan because of political beliefs or activities.”

Over the past year, at least 25 journalists and activists have been arrested in Azerbaijan, according to Human Rights Watch. Climate Home spoke with the daughter of one of them. (Photo: Matteo Civillini)

Host-country agreements – lost and found 

Climate Home reported yesterday on the mystery of the missing agreements between the UNFCCC and the host countries of COPs. Amnesty International has been trying for months to get hold of the one with the UAE, where COP28 took place. On Tuesday afternoon, civil society groups told us that agreement had finally been provided by the UN climate change secretariat.

Ann Harrison, Amnesty’s climate advisor, duly went through the document – which mainly sets out logistical arrangements for the annual summit – and found it does not include explicit language on human rights protection. That is viewed as crucial by campaigners because of concerns over what they see as limited civic space for protest and government restrictions on civil rights in host countries with a poor international record. That applies to the hosts of the last two COPs – Egypt (whose agreement is still missing) and the UAE – as well as this year’s location: Azerbaijan.

Harrison emphasised that all governments have already agreed both to make the host-country agreements public and to ensure they reflect the UN Charter and obligations under international human rights law, while promoting fundamental freedoms and protecting participants from violations and abuses.

A push at these Bonn talks for host-country agreements to be published on the UNFCCC website did not succeed. But Harrison told Climate Home she hopes to see stronger rights protection included in the hosting agreement with Azerbaijan, which is still being worked on – and that the document should be made available well in advance of the COP to be useful for advocates.

“The main thing is that it should include what was mandated for it to be included in last year’s and this year’s conclusions [at Bonn] – that there should be a commitment to respect human rights, including freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly – so that people can be comforted that those rights are respected,” she said.

COP 29 President-designate Mukhtar Babayev, Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan, and UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell sign letters of intent for the upcoming COP 29 in Bonn, June 7, 2024 (Photo: Kiara Worth/IISD ENB)

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Bonn bulletin: Climate finance chasm remains unbridged

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“Sink or swim”: WA Gov hugely underestimating decline in regional gas demand while sleeping on green exports, new report finds

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PERTH, Tuesday 13 October 2026 — A new report from Greenpeace Australia Pacific and Springmount Advisory reveals green commodity exports are an untapped economic opportunity for Western Australia in a declining Asian gas market, while offering a genuine solution for decarbonising Asia.

From Gas to Green: Building Western Australia’s Future State is a comprehensive analysis of the declining gas market in Asia, and the untapped economic opportunity for WA to become a global leader in green commodity exports while driving the regional shift away from fossil fuels.

The report offers key recommendations for the WA Government to support regional decarbonisation through an orderly phase out of gas exports in favour of green iron and other green exports. It comes as global climate leaders from across business, politics and advocacy prepare to meet for the Global Citizen Now: Perth event focused on decarbonising WA.

Key findings:

  • Gas demand is falling across WA’s core markets in Asia: Gas demand fell in 2025 and is projected to continue to decline, driven by a combination of global geopolitical factors and domestic concerns. 
  • Policy shifts in key markets since the war on Iran now prioritise renewables and nuclear over gas: Japan, South Korea and China have legislated energy plans that prioritise renewables and nuclear over gas.
  • New WA gas would arrive in a saturated, uncertain Asian market filled with cheaper gas: The US is now the world’s largest liquefied gas producer and plans to double its capacity as it also targets Asian markets. 
  • Green commodities offer a real solution to sustain WA’s economy: WA can lead Australia’s green commodity exports, which by 2060 could be worth almost a trillion dollars.
  • Exporting more WA gas is likely to delay or impede Asia decarbonisation: Despite claims by the gas industry, there is no evidence that WA gas is displacing coal in Asia, and in fact diverts resources from genuine decarbonisation options.

Geoff Bice, WA Campaign Lead at Greenpeace Australia Pacific said: “As our export partners in Asia shift away from expensive and polluting gas, the WA Government has a golden opportunity to pivot our economy to green exports, like green iron, which is the most effective way to help our region to decarbonise. 

“The writing is on the wall: gas is in decline, renewables are our future. In this context, it makes zero sense for the government to encourage high risk projects like Woodside’s reckless Browse gas proposal at Scott Reef. 

“This report clearly shows that the WA Government faces a choice: sink or swim. They can either allow the gas industry to keep ripping off West Australians and continue propping up its decline, or choose the path that will deliver enormous benefits to the state and the world by becoming a leader in the rapidly expanding green economy.” 

Tom Quinn, Managing Director of Springmount Advisory: “Western Australia prospers when it looks to the future and builds for future demand. Twenty years from now, what the world needs is green commodities made using WAs abundant renewable resources. Just like it did with iron ore in the 1950s and gas in the 1970s, WA should look to the future and build what the world will need, not sunsetting industries like gas that are already past their peak.”

-ENDS-

Media contact

Kate O’Callaghan on 0406 231 892 or kate.ocallaghan@greenpeace.org 
Lucy Keller on 0491 135 308 or lucy.keller@greenpeace.org

“Sink or swim”: WA Gov hugely underestimating decline in regional gas demand while sleeping on green exports, new report finds

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REPORT: “From Gas to Green” Building Western Australia’s Future State

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A report from Greenpeace Australia Pacific and Springmount Advisory reveals the untapped green economic opportunity for Western Australia in a declining Asian gas market, which also offers a genuine solution for decarbonisation in Asia.

Is Western Australia clinging to a fading gas industry while a thriving green future passes it by? As major Asian trading partners rapidly pivot away from volatile gas imports toward cheap solar and battery storage, this report exposes a high-stakes choice: risk becoming stranded in an oversupplied fossil fuel market, or harness WA’s unmatched sun and wind to lead the global clean energy transition.

Summary

A wind turbine being build in Australia.

Key Findings

  • Gas demand is falling in Asia – WA can no longer rely on gas exports: Gas demand in core Asian markets fell in 2025 and is projected to continue to decline in 2026. Legislated energy plans in Japan, South Korea, and China now prioritise renewables and nuclear over gas.
  • Asia is increasing renewables, importing gas just gets in the way: Evidence from markets like Thailand suggests that gas imports are increasingly crowding out cheaper renewable energy investments and battery storage rather than displacing coal, locking in more emissions over time.
  • Green commodities offer a real solution to decarbonise Asia – this is a major win for WA: With world-class renewables, WA can lead Australia’s green commodity exports, which by 2060 could be worth almost a trillion dollars ($987 billion) and support a genuine 9.6% reduction in global emissions.
Several wind turbines fade into the distance in the sunset.
Windfarm at sunset in Albany, WA / Photo by Mounish Raja

Recommendations to WA government

Recommendation 1: Plan an orderly gas phase-out aligned with a trading partner pivot plan

Implement a managed, orderly phase-out of gas exports aligned with trading partners’ decarbonisation pathways, rather than waiting for demand to collapse, by:

Recommendation 2: Develop an integrated green commodity export strategy, positioning WA as a global green iron manufacturing hub

Establish an integrated green commodity export strategy that immediately prioritises green iron development, positioning WA as a global green iron manufacturing hub, by:

Recommendation 3: Reject false solutions such as carbon dumping (CCS) and blue hydrogen

Reject carbon dumping (also described as carbon capture and storage, or CCS) and blue hydrogen as viable decarbonisation technologies, and prioritise green hydrogen and proven renewables for clean energy and fuel production by:

  • Excluding blue hydrogen projects (and CCS-dependent projects) from all government support programs.
  • Requiring existing hydrogen-based production (including ammonia, methanol, synthetic fuels) to have clear, near-term transition timelines to switch to green hydrogen production.
A person stands between solar panels in a rooftop in a hospital in Thailand.

What you can do

Together, we can push for a prosperous green future.

You can help by:

REPORT: “From Gas to Green” Building Western Australia’s Future State

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UN carbon market forces cookstove projects to protect against forest loss

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Cleaner cooking projects in the UN carbon market will have to set aside a share of their credits to insure against the risk that the trees they save are lost to fire, drought or logging, after the market’s regulator rejected calls to exempt the sector.

The requirement is part of a new rulebook that the Paris Agreement carbon market regulator – the Article 6.4 Supervisory Body – approved last Friday for programmes that aim to cut emissions by distributing new and cleaner cookstoves in regions that still burn wood or charcoal for cooking.

These are the UN mechanism’s first rulebooks for cookstoves, one of the carbon market’s most popular credit types and also one of its most criticised for overstating climate benefits.

They consist of two methodologies: one for programmes that aim to cut greenhouse gas emissions by distributing more efficient cookstoves that burn less wood or charcoal, and a separate methodology for projects shifting households to lower-emissions cookers running on electricity or liquid petroleum gas (LPG).

Mkhuthazi Steleki, the South African chair of the Supervisory Body, said “this decision gives cleaner cooking projects a new pathway under the UN carbon market, with clear rules to ensure that each credit represents a real and credible emission reduction”.

    Exemption push rejected

    More efficient cookstove projects earn credits based on the amount of carbon they save by preserving trees that would have otherwise been cut down and burned for fuel. But if those trees later burn in a wildfire or are logged, the carbon stored would be released anyway, erasing the climate benefits of the credits.

    Several carbon credit developers, conservation NGOs and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) disputed that cookstove projects face this risk, in what critics described as a “coordinated lobbying campaign”.

    They argued that, unlike forest protection schemes, this type of credit represents a “flow” of avoided emissions rather than a “stock” of stored carbon that can be released. They also warned that requiring a buffer would impose disproportionate costs and undermine the financial viability of these activities.

    But the UN carbon market regulator was not persuaded by the argument. It decided that projects would have to protect against this reversal risk by handing over a percentage of credits to a so-called “buffer pool” instead of selling them.

    ‘New paradigm’

    The amount of credits to be given up is