Anglo American has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Codelco, a Chilean mining company. The agreement involves Anglo American’s subsidiary, Anglo American Sur SA (AAS), which owns 50.1% of the company. Both firms will work together on a joint mining plan for their neighboring copper mines, Los Bronces and Andina, in Chile.
This partnership aims to increase copper production with minimal additional investment. By collaborating, they plan to enhance the value of the mining district.
Wood Mackenzie forecast: Global copper production and primary demand


Duncan Wanblad, Chief Executive of Anglo American, said,
“Copper is at the forefront of our growth ambitions and we already have a clear pathway to more than 1 million tonnes of annual copper production by the early 2030s, a 30% increase. Building on that growth pipeline, Los Bronces and Andina present obvious and significant adjacency benefits and together represent approximately 2% of global copper Resources and Reserves, with approximately 60 million tonnes of contained copper1. By putting in place a joint mine plan and optimising the use of our respective processing plants, we believe we can unlock an additional 2.7 million tonnes of copper production over a 21-year period from 2030 alongside other operational synergies made possible by coordinating our activities across the site. Anglo American and Codelco will both retain flexibility to develop separate standalone projects, including development of underground resources during the period of the joint mine plan in an appropriately coordinated manner.”
Unlocking the Anglo-American and Codelco Copper Mining Collaboration
Wanblad praised both companies’ technical teams for their years of collaboration. He also added that the partnership with Codelco has created a strong agreement that will help Anglo American, Codelco, their AAS partners, and local communities in Chile.
Shared Production, Costs, and Sustainable Mining
Both companies will share copper production, profits, costs, and risks equally. AAS and Codelco will keep full ownership of their mining assets. This includes land and processing plants. They will continue to operate separately.
The deal includes sustainability rules to protect the environment and support local communities. This commitment ensures both companies remain accountable for their social and environmental responsibilities. Additionally, it prioritizes protecting the high Andean ecosystems and biodiversity.
The agreement is expected to generate at least $5 billion in profit before taxes, with both companies splitting the earnings equally.
Timeline and Regulatory Approvals
They plan to finalize their review and sign agreements by late 2025. This depends on meeting key requirements, such as obtaining environmental permits and regulatory approvals. Until then, both mines will continue operating under the 2019 cooperation agreement.
The press release also revealed that according to Anglo American’s Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources Report and an S&P Global report,
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The copper reserves and resources under this MoU total about 60 million tonnes. This excludes reserves from separate underground projects at Los Bronces and Andina.
Anglo American’s Strong Copper Output with Future Growth Plans
Anglo American’s copper operations did well as highlighted in its q4 2024 earnings report.
Copper output increased by 9% from the last quarter, with Quellaveco leading the way But production was down 14% compared to 2023. This drop happened because of a planned shutdown at a smaller, expensive plant in Los Bronces. Also, lower ore grades at Collahuasi contributed to the decline.
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For 2024, copper production was between 730 and 790 kT. This covers operations in Chile and Peru. It does not include output from the Platinum Group Metals business.
Furthermore, the restructured Los Bronces mine runs efficiently. The company expects copper production to rise in 2026 and maintain steady production in 2027. This growth will come from higher-grade ore in Chile.
- CHECK OUT: Live Copper Prices
- SEE MORE: Copper Prices Slump Below $9,000: What Does It Mean for Global Growth?
Commitment to Sustainable Mining
Anglo American’s Sustainable Mining Plan aligns with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These include bold goals for 2030.
Codelco Revives its Copper Output
Codelco focuses on exploring, developing, and processing minerals. Its main products are refined copper and by-products for global markets.
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By September 30, 2024, copper production dropped 5%. It reached 988 ktons , down from 1,040 ktons last year. This figure includes Codelco’s share in El Abra and Anglo American Sur.
Despite challenges, Codelco reversed the trend. In the third quarter of 2024, its owned production increased by 1.7% compared to the same time in 2023.
2030 Sustainability Goals

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The company aims for a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, powered by a 100% renewable energy matrix.
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It aims to cut PM10 (Particulate Matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller) emissions by 25% while adopting new dust suppression technologies and ensuring air quality meets safety standards.
Codelco plans to switch all underground mining equipment to electric options. They also support creating green hydrogen for industrial use.
Water conservation is also a key focus. Codelco plans to invest in a desalination plant and water recovery systems. This will help reduce inland water use by 60% for each ton of ore processed in the North District. These initiatives show Codelco’s commitment to a greener, more responsible future in copper mining.
However, it aims to become carbon neutral by 2050.

A New Model for Public-Private Collaboration
Máximo Pacheco, Chairman of Codelco, commented
“Codelco and Anglo American have been good neighbours for decades. This relationship has developed through more than 10 cooperation agreements between the two companies over half a century. Today, we have a unique opportunity to rethink the development of this mining district and take a strategic and beneficial step: moving forward with an alliance that will allow us to increase copper production by an average of nearly 120 thousand tonnes of fine copper per year, without any material additional investments. Considering total production, this district would become one of the three most important in Chile and the fourth worldwide. In this way, we will contribute a critical mineral for the transition to a decarbonized economy and generate additional value of at least $5 billion pre-tax, increasing our contribution in the short and medium term while strengthening Chile’s position as a leading global copper supplier.”
The post Anglo American and Codelco Join Forces to Maximize Chile’s Copper Output appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Climate Impact Partners Unveils High-Quality Carbon Credits from Sabah Rainforest in Malaysia
The voluntary carbon market is changing. Buyers are no longer focused only on large volumes of cheap credits. Instead, they want projects with strong science, long-term monitoring, and clear proof that carbon has truly been removed from the atmosphere. That shift is drawing more attention to high-integrity, nature-based projects.
One project now gaining that spotlight is the Sabah INFAPRO rainforest rehabilitation project in Malaysia. Climate Impact Partners announced that the project is now issuing verified carbon removal credits, opening access to one of the highest-quality nature-based removals currently available in the global market.
Restoring One of the World’s Richest Rainforest Ecosystems
The project is located in Sabah, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This region is home to tropical dipterocarp rainforest, one of the richest forest ecosystems on Earth. These forests store huge amounts of carbon and support extraordinary biodiversity. Some dipterocarp trees can grow up to 70 meters tall, creating habitat for orangutans, pygmy elephants, gibbons, sun bears, and the critically endangered Sumatran rhino.
However, the forest within the INFAPRO project area was not intact. In the 1980s, selective logging removed many of the most valuable tree species, especially large dipterocarps. That caused serious ecological damage. Once the key mother trees were gone, natural regeneration became much harder. Young seedlings also had to compete with dense vines and shrubs, which slowed the forest’s recovery.
To repair that damage, the INFAPRO project was launched in the Ulu-Segama forestry management unit in eastern Sabah.
- The project has restored more than 25,000 hectares of logged-over rainforest.
- It was developed by Face the Future in cooperation with Yayasan Sabah, while Climate Impact Partners has supported the project and helped bring its credits to market.
Why Sabah’s Carbon Removals are Attracting Attention
What makes Sabah INFAPRO different is not only the size of the restoration effort. It is also the way the project measured carbon gains.

Many forest carbon projects issue credits in annual vintages based on year-by-year growth estimates. Sabah INFAPRO followed a different path. It used a landscape-scale monitoring system and waited until the forest moved through its strongest natural growth period before issuing removal credits.
- This approach gives the credits more weight. Rather than relying mainly on short-term annual estimates, the project measured carbon sequestration over a longer period. That helps show that the forest delivered real, sustained, and measurable carbon removal.
The scientific backing is also unusually strong. Since 2007, the project has maintained nearly 400 permanent monitoring plots. These plots have allowed researchers, independent auditors, and technical specialists to observe the full growth cycle of dipterocarp forest recovery. The result is a large body of field data that supports carbon calculations and strengthens confidence in the credits.
In simple terms, buyers are not just being asked to trust a model. They are being shown years of direct forest monitoring across the project landscape.
Strong Ratings Support Market Confidence
Independent assessment has also lifted the project’s profile. BeZero awarded Sabah INFAPRO an A.pre overall rating and an AA score for permanence. That places the project among the highest-rated Improved Forest Management, or IFM, projects in the world.
The rating reflects several important strengths. First, the project has very low exposure to reversal risk. Second, it has a long and stable operating history. Third, its measured carbon gains align well with peer-reviewed ecological research and independent analysis.
These points matter in today’s market. Buyers have become more cautious after years of debate over the quality of some forest carbon credits. As a result, they now look more closely at durability, transparency, and third-party validation. Sabah INFAPRO’s rating helps answer those concerns and makes the project more attractive to companies looking for credible carbon removal.
The project is also registered with Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard under the name INFAPRO Rehabilitation of Logged-over Dipterocarp Forest in Sabah, Malaysia. That adds another level of market recognition and verification.
A Wider Model for Rainforest Recovery
Sabah INFAPRO also shows why high-quality nature-based projects are about more than carbon alone. The restoration effort supports broader ecological recovery in one of the world’s most important rainforest regions.
Climate Impact Partners said it has worked with project partners to restore degraded areas, run local training programs, carry out monthly forest patrols, and distribute seedlings to support rainforest recovery beyond the project boundary. These efforts help strengthen the wider landscape and expand the project’s environmental impact.
That broader value is becoming more important for buyers. Companies increasingly want projects that support biodiversity, ecosystem health, and local engagement, along with carbon removal. Sabah INFAPRO offers that mix, making it a stronger fit for the market’s shift toward higher-integrity credits.

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Carbon Footprint
Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story
Bitcoin’s recent drop below $70,000 reflects more than short-term market pressure. It signals a deeper shift. The world’s largest cryptocurrency is becoming increasingly tied to global energy markets.
For years, Bitcoin has moved mainly on investor sentiment, adoption trends, and regulation. Today, another force is shaping its direction: the cost of energy.
As oil prices rise and electricity markets tighten, Bitcoin is starting to behave less like a tech asset and more like an energy-dependent system. This shift is changing how investors, analysts, and policymakers understand crypto.
A Global Power Consumer: Inside Bitcoin’s Energy Use
Bitcoin depends on mining, a process that uses powerful computers to verify transactions. These machines run continuously and consume large amounts of electricity.
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration shows Bitcoin mining used between 67 and 240 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity in 2023, with a midpoint estimate of about 120 TWh.

Other estimates place consumption closer to 170 TWh per year in 2025. This accounts for roughly 0.5% of global electricity demand. Recently, as of February 2026, estimates see Bitcoin’s energy use reaching over 200 TWh per year.
That level of energy use is significant. Global electricity demand reached about 27,400 TWh in 2023. Bitcoin’s share may seem small, but it is comparable to the power use of mid-sized countries.
The network also requires steady power. Estimates suggest it draws around 10 gigawatts continuously, similar to several large power plants operating at full capacity. This constant demand makes energy costs central to Bitcoin’s economics.
When Oil Rises, Bitcoin Falls
Bitcoin mining is highly sensitive to electricity prices. Energy is the highest operating cost for miners. When power becomes more expensive, profit margins shrink.
Recent market movements show this link clearly. As oil prices rise and inflation concerns persist, energy costs have increased. At the same time, Bitcoin prices have weakened, falling below the $70,000 level.

This is not a coincidence. Studies show a direct relationship between Bitcoin prices, mining activity, and electricity use. When Bitcoin prices rise, more miners join the network, increasing energy demand. When energy costs rise, less efficient miners may shut down, reducing activity and adding selling pressure.
This creates a feedback loop between crypto and energy markets. Bitcoin is no longer driven only by demand and speculation. It is now influenced by the same forces that affect oil, gas, and power prices.
Cleaner Energy Use Is Growing, but Fossil Fuels Still Matter
Bitcoin’s environmental impact depends on its energy mix. This mix is improving, but it remains uneven.
A 2025 study from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance found that 52.4% of Bitcoin mining now uses sustainable energy. This includes both renewable sources (42.6%) and nuclear power (9.8%). The share has risen significantly from about 37.6% in 2022.
Despite this progress, fossil fuels still account for a large portion of mining energy. Natural gas alone makes up about 38.2%, while coal continues to contribute a smaller share.

This reliance on fossil fuels keeps emissions high. Current estimates suggest Bitcoin produces more than 114 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. That puts it in line with emissions from some industrial sectors.
The shift toward cleaner energy is real, but it is not complete. The pace of change will play a key role in how Bitcoin fits into global climate goals.
Bitcoin’s Climate Debate Intensifies
Bitcoin’s growing energy demand has placed it at the center of ESG discussions. Its impact is often measured through three key areas:
- Total electricity use, which rivals that of entire countries.
- Carbon emissions are estimated at over 100 million tons of CO₂ annually.
- Energy intensity, with a single transaction using large amounts of power.

At the same time, the industry is evolving. Mining companies are adopting more efficient hardware and exploring new energy sources. Some operations use excess renewable power or capture waste energy, such as flare gas from oil fields.
These efforts show progress, but they do not fully address the concerns. The gap between Bitcoin’s energy use and its environmental impact remains a key issue for investors and regulators.
- MUST READ: Bitcoin Price Hits All-Time High Above $126K: ETFs, Market Drivers, and the Future of Digital Gold
Bitcoin Is Becoming Part of the Energy System
Bitcoin mining is now closely integrated with the broader energy system. Operators often choose locations based on access to cheap or excess electricity. This includes areas with strong renewable generation or underused energy resources.
This integration creates both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, mining can support energy systems by using power that might otherwise go to waste. It can also provide flexible demand that helps stabilize grids.
On the other hand, it can increase pressure on local electricity supplies and extend the use of fossil fuels if cleaner options are not available.
In the United States, Bitcoin mining could account for up to 2.3% of total electricity demand in certain scenarios. This highlights how quickly the sector is scaling and how closely it is tied to national energy systems.
Energy Markets Are Now Key to Bitcoin’s Future
Looking ahead, the connection between Bitcoin and energy is expected to grow stronger. The network’s computing power, or hash rate, continues to reach new highs, which typically leads to higher energy use.
Electricity will remain the main cost for miners. This means Bitcoin will continue to respond to changes in energy prices and supply conditions. At the same time, governments are starting to pay closer attention to crypto’s environmental impact, which could shape future regulations.

Some forecasts suggest Bitcoin’s energy use could rise sharply if adoption increases, potentially reaching up to 400 TWh in extreme scenarios. However, cleaner energy systems could reduce the carbon impact over time.
Bitcoin is no longer just a financial asset. It is also a large-scale energy consumer and a growing part of the global power system.
As a result, understanding Bitcoin now requires a broader view. Energy prices, electricity markets, and carbon trends are becoming just as important as market demand and investor sentiment.
The message is clear. As energy markets move, Bitcoin is likely to move with them.
The post Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
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