Amid tensions in the West over cuts to development funding and souring US relationships with its allies, Brazil’s COP30 president, André Aranha Corrêa do Lago, defended multilateralism and the legacy of UN climate talks in his first address as chief of this year’s climate summit.
On Wednesday, Corrêa do Lago told a plenary meeting at UN headquarters in New York he hopes Brazil can provide a “decisive impulse” in protecting the “institutional legacy we built together over three decades”, as well as accelerating implementation of the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change.
“Brazil has the firm conviction that there is no future progress for humanity without deep, rapid and sustained cooperation among all countries,” said the veteran Brazilian diplomat, who also highlighted the outcomes of the previous two COPs.
His comments hold significance as climate-change sceptic US President Donald Trump has kick-started the process to pull the US out of the global climate accord it adopted in 2015, backed the expansion of fossil fuel production on American soil, and refused to deliver promised climate finance.
On Thursday, the EU’s climate information service Copernicus said February 2025 was the third-warmest February globally, with the average temperature reaching 1.59 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times, and the extent of sea ice in both polar regions falling to a new all-time minimum that month.
But despite Corrêa do Lago’s appeal for international unity in New York, longstanding grievances on climate aid emerged as countries outlined their negotiating positions. In a statement read by Iraq, the G77 group representing all developing countries called on wealthy nations to deliver more funding.
“The developing countries’ expectations were not met (at COP29),” Iraqi ambassador Abbas Kadhim Obaid told the UN plenary. “COP29 failed to deliver the crucial support essential for developing countries to achieve a just transition towards low-carbon development pathways, or to prepare and adapt to the devastating impact of climate change.”
At last year’s COP29 in Azerbaijan, rich nations agreed to channel at least $300 billion a year by 2035 to ramp up climate action in vulnerable countries as part of a new finance goal, after bad-tempered talks whose outcome was criticised as inadequate by developing states and activists alike.
At the UN this week, those divisions remained stark, with Australia and the European Union downplaying the role of government climate funding and instead calling for a bigger contribution from private finance.
“Let’s be honest. The needs for climate-related investment are so vast that they can never be met solely by the provision of public finance and mobilisation of finance through public interventions. A strong enabling environment for investment is not optional – it’s essential,” said the EU’s representative.
In November, countries will gather in the city of Belém, in Brazil’s Amazon region, to finalise a roadmap intended to help mobilise a larger sum of $1.3 trillion a year by 2035 from all available sources. Governments are also expected to unveil their new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by September, outlining targets and plans to cut planet-heating emissions by the same year.
Fossil-fuel transition pledge
At COP28 in Dubai, countries reached a landmark decision to transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems, based on the first Global Stocktake (GST) of climate policies under the Paris pact. Corrêa do Lago highlighted this decision as one of the main outcomes from past climate negotiations.
But there has since been little reaffirmation of that pledge nor any concrete indication of how countries will put it into practice. References to it were removed from both a COP16 biodiversity deal in Cali last year and final decisions at COP29 in Baku, after Saudi Arabia said it would not accept text that mentioned fossil fuels. The climate summit ended with no outcome on stepping up emissions cuts.
This week’s UN meeting heard renewed calls for greater ambition at COP30. “The world expects real progress on transitioning away from fossil fuels at COP30,” the EU’s delegate said. “We simply cannot afford to have two COPs without an outcome on mitigation.”
COP30 President Corrêa do Lago did not explicitly call out fossil fuels, but did mention that the Global Stocktake – the process that led to the COP28 fossil fuel transition pledge – is “the unanimous reference that informs international cooperation”, adding “the GST stands as our guide to Mission 1.5”.
Brazil’s leadership on climate action has been questioned as President Lula da Silva has made a strong push to begin oil drilling in the mouth of the Amazon river, even seeking expedited approval for projects.
Lula’s government pushes for new oil drilling in the Amazon – where it will host COP30
In New York, as the EU pushed for more ambitious emissions reductions, the Africa Group, India and China said developing countries should be given flexibility. India’s UN ambassador Parvathaneni Harish said efforts to move away from the principle that industrialised nations bear the biggest burden would “risk undermining the trust and cooperation necessary for global action”.
“We advocate for solutions that combine the development of renewable energy with the sustainable use of our natural resources, avoiding restrictions that could hinder economic growth and energy access for millions of Africans,” said Angolan UN ambassador José da Cruz.
China, the world’s biggest emitter, urged developed countries to ramp up the pace on their climate goals. “[They] should show greater ambition and take actions in fulfilling the obligations of taking the lead by reducing emissions and achieving carbon neutrality ahead of schedule,” said the Chinese delegate.
Countries are due to deliver their NDCs ahead of COP30, with Brazil, the US and Japan among the few to have submitted theirs already. At the UN plenary, some big emitters like the EU, Australia and Mexico said they were working to deliver their plans on time, while China and India did not mention theirs.
Countries fail again to decide timing of key IPCC climate science reports
Can Amazon COP cope?
The UN climate process began in Brazil over three decades ago, with the adoption of the Rio Conventions. Now, countries return to the South American nation at a crucial moment of climate extremes, a disengaged United States and urgent calls to boost ambition in climate policies as the world heats up.
The annual UN climate summit will be hosted for the first time in the Amazon rainforest, in the northern city of Belém. There are concerns over whether the city of 1.3 million people can provide for tens of thousands of conference delegates. At the UN this week, at least three delegations queried the conditions for accommodation and transport.
Corrêa do Lago said Brazil is working to improve infrastructure in Belém. The government has announced a plan to add 26,000 new beds by renovating hotels, rental homes, river cruise boats and even military facilities and schools.
“We agree that Belém is not a city that was designed for this kind of event. It is a medium-sized city in Brazil,” said the COP30 president. “But President Lula is convinced that the symbolism of hosting a conference in the Amazon is significantly more important than the challenges that can be found in its organisation.”
The post COP30 chief calls for global unity on climate action as cooperation falters appeared first on Climate Home News.
COP30 chief calls for global unity on climate action as cooperation falters
Climate Change
Cheniere Energy Received $370 Million IRS Windfall for Using LNG as ‘Alternative’ Fuel
The country’s largest exporter of liquefied natural gas benefited from what critics say is a questionable IRS interpretation of tax credits.
Cheniere Energy, the largest producer and exporter of U.S. liquefied natural gas, received $370 million from the IRS in the first quarter of 2026, a payout that shipping experts, tax specialists and a U.S. senator say the company never should have received.
Cheniere Energy Received $370 Million IRS Windfall for Using LNG as ‘Alternative’ Fuel
Climate Change
DeBriefed 27 February 2026: Trump’s fossil-fuel talk | Modi-Lula rare-earth pact | Is there a UK ‘greenlash’?
Welcome to Carbon Brief’s DeBriefed.
An essential guide to the week’s key developments relating to climate change.
This week
Absolute State of the Union
‘DRILL, BABY’: US president Donald Trump “doubled down on his ‘drill, baby, drill’ agenda” in his State of the Union (SOTU) address, said the Los Angeles Times. He “tout[ed] his support of the fossil-fuel industry and renew[ed] his focus on electricity affordability”, reported the Financial Times. Trump also attacked the “green new scam”, noted Carbon Brief’s SOTU tracker.
COAL REPRIEVE: Earlier in the week, the Trump administration had watered down limits on mercury pollution from coal-fired power plants, reported the Financial Times. It remains “unclear” if this will be enough to prevent the decline of coal power, said Bloomberg, in the face of lower-cost gas and renewables. Reuters noted that US coal plants are “ageing”.
OIL STAY: The US Supreme Court agreed to hear arguments brought by the oil industry in a “major lawsuit”, reported the New York Times. The newspaper said the firms are attempting to head off dozens of other lawsuits at state level, relating to their role in global warming.
SHIP-SHILLING: The Trump administration is working to “kill” a global carbon levy on shipping “permanently”, reported Politico, after succeeding in delaying the measure late last year. The Guardian said US “bullying” could be “paying off”, after Panama signalled it was reversing its support for the levy in a proposal submitted to the UN shipping body.
Around the world
- RARE EARTHS: The governments of Brazil and India signed a deal on rare earths, said the Times of India, as well as agreeing to collaborate on renewable energy.
- HEAT ROLLBACK: German homes will be allowed to continue installing gas and oil heating, under watered-down government plans covered by Clean Energy Wire.
- BRAZIL FLOODS: At least 53 people died in floods in the state of Minas Gerais, after some areas saw 170mm of rain in a few hours, reported CNN Brasil.
- ITALY’S ATTACK: Italy is calling for the EU to “suspend” its emissions trading system (ETS) ahead of a review later this year, said Politico.
- COOKSTOVE CREDITS: The first-ever carbon credits under the Paris Agreement have been issued to a cookstove project in Myanmar, said Climate Home News.
- SAUDI SOLAR: Turkey has signed a “major” solar deal that will see Saudi firm ACWA building 2 gigawatts in the country, according to Agence France-Presse.
$467 billion
The profits made by five major oil firms since prices spiked following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine four years ago, according to a report by Global Witness covered by BusinessGreen.
Latest climate research
- Claims about the “fingerprint” of human-caused climate change, made in a recent US Department of Energy report, are “factually incorrect” | AGU Advances
- Large lakes in the Congo Basin are releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from “immense ancient stores” | Nature Geoscience
- Shared Socioeconomic Pathways – scenarios used regularly in climate modelling – underrepresent “narratives explicitly centring on democratic principles such as participation, accountability and justice” | npj Climate Action
(For more, see Carbon Brief’s in-depth daily summaries of the top climate news stories on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.)
Captured
The constituency of Richard Tice MP, the climate-sceptic deputy leader of Reform UK, is the second-largest recipient of flood defence spending in England, according to new Carbon Brief analysis. Overall, the funding is disproportionately targeted at coastal and urban areas, many of which have Conservative or Liberal Democrat MPs.
Spotlight
Is there really a UK ‘greenlash’?
This week, after a historic Green Party byelection win, Carbon Brief looks at whether there really is a “greenlash” against climate policy in the UK.
Over the past year, the UK’s political consensus on climate change has been shattered.
Yet despite a sharp turn against climate action among right-wing politicians and right-leaning media outlets, UK public support for climate action remains strong.
Prof Federica Genovese, who studies climate politics at the University of Oxford, told Carbon Brief:
“The current ‘war’ on green policy is mostly driven by media and political elites, not by the public.”
Indeed, there is still a greater than two-to-one majority among the UK public in favour of the country’s legally binding target to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, as shown below.
Steve Akehurst, director of public-opinion research initiative Persuasion UK, also noted the growing divide between the public and “elites”. He told Carbon Brief:
“The biggest movement is, without doubt, in media and elite opinion. There is a bit more polarisation and opposition [to climate action] among voters, but it’s typically no more than 20-25% and mostly confined within core Reform voters.”
Conservative gear shift
For decades, the UK had enjoyed strong, cross-party political support for climate action.
Lord Deben, the Conservative peer and former chair of the Climate Change Committee, told Carbon Brief that the UK’s landmark 2008 Climate Change Act had been born of this cross-party consensus, saying “all parties supported it”.
Since their landslide loss at the 2024 election, however, the Conservatives have turned against the UK’s target of net-zero emissions by 2050, which they legislated for in 2019.
Curiously, while opposition to net-zero has surged among Conservative MPs, there is majority support for the target among those that plan to vote for the party, as shown below.
Dr Adam Corner, advisor to the Climate Barometer initiative that tracks public opinion on climate change, told Carbon Brief that those who currently plan to vote Reform are the only segment who “tend to be more opposed to net-zero goals”. He said:
“Despite the rise in hostile media coverage and the collapse of the political consensus, we find that public support for the net-zero by 2050 target is plateauing – not plummeting.”
Reform, which rejects the scientific evidence on global warming and campaigns against net-zero, has been leading the polls for a year. (However, it was comfortably beaten by the Greens in yesterday’s Gorton and Denton byelection.)
Corner acknowledged that “some of the anti-net zero noise…[is] showing up in our data”, adding:
“We see rising concerns about the near-term costs of policies and an uptick in people [falsely] attributing high energy bills to climate initiatives.”
But Akehurst said that, rather than a big fall in public support, there had been a drop in the “salience” of climate action:
“So many other issues [are] competing for their attention.”
UK newspapers published more editorials opposing climate action than supporting it for the first time on record in 2025, according to Carbon Brief analysis.
Global ‘greenlash’?
All of this sits against a challenging global backdrop, in which US president Donald Trump has been repeating climate-sceptic talking points and rolling back related policy.
At the same time, prominent figures have been calling for a change in climate strategy, sold variously as a “reset”, a “pivot”, as “realism”, or as “pragmatism”.
Genovese said that “far-right leaders have succeeded in the past 10 years in capturing net-zero as a poster child of things they are ‘fighting against’”.
She added that “much of this is fodder for conservative media and this whole ecosystem is essentially driving what we call the ‘greenlash’”.
Corner said the “disconnect” between elite views and the wider public “can create problems” – for example, “MPs consistently underestimate support for renewables”. He added:
“There is clearly a risk that the public starts to disengage too, if not enough positive voices are countering the negative ones.”
Watch, read, listen
TRUMP’S ‘PETROSTATE’: The US is becoming a “petrostate” that will be “sicker and poorer”, wrote Financial Times associate editor Rana Forohaar.
RHETORIC VS REALITY: Despite a “political mood [that] has darkened”, there is “more green stuff being installed than ever”, said New York Times columnist David Wallace-Wells.
CHINA’S ‘REVOLUTION’: The BBC’s Climate Question podcast reported from China on the “green energy revolution” taking place in the country.
Coming up
- 2-6 March: UN Food and Agriculture Organization regional conference for Latin America and Caribbean, Brasília
- 3 March: UK spring statement
- 4-11 March: China’s “two sessions”
- 5 March: Nepal elections
Pick of the jobs
- The Guardian, senior reporter, climate justice | Salary: $123,000-$135,000. Location: New York or Washington DC
- China-Global South Project, non-resident fellow, climate change | Salary: Up to $1,000 a month. Location: Remote
- University of East Anglia, PhD in mobilising community-based climate action through co-designed sports and wellbeing interventions | Salary: Stipend (unknown amount). Location: Norwich, UK
- TABLE and the University of São Paulo, Brazil, postdoctoral researcher in food system narratives | Salary: Unknown. Location: Pirassununga, Brazil
DeBriefed is edited by Daisy Dunne. Please send any tips or feedback to debriefed@carbonbrief.org.
This is an online version of Carbon Brief’s weekly DeBriefed email newsletter. Subscribe for free here.
The post DeBriefed 27 February 2026: Trump’s fossil-fuel talk | Modi-Lula rare-earth pact | Is there a UK ‘greenlash’? appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Seven Pacific island nations say they will demand heftier levies on global shipping emissions if opponents of a green deal for the industry succeed in reopening negotiations on the stalled accord.
The United States and Saudi Arabia persuaded countries not to grant final approval to the International Maritime Organization’s Net-Zero Framework (NZF) in October and they are now leading a drive for changes to the deal.
In a joint submission seen by Climate Home News, the seven climate-vulnerable Pacific countries said the framework was already a “fragile compromise”, and vowed to push for a universal levy on all ship emissions, as well as higher fees . The deal currently stipulates that fees will be charged when a vessel’s emissions exceed a certain level.
“For many countries, the NZF represents the absolute limit of what they can accept,” said the unpublished submission by Fiji, Kiribati, Vanuatu, Nauru, Palau, Tuvalu and the Solomon Islands.
The countries said a universal levy and higher charges on shipping would raise more funds to enable a “just and equitable transition leaving no country behind”. They added, however, that “despite its many shortcomings”, the framework should be adopted later this year.
US allies want exemption for ‘transition fuels’
The previous attempt to adopt the framework failed after governments narrowly voted to postpone it by a year. Ahead of the vote, the US threatened governments and their officials with sanctions, tariffs and visa restrictions – and President Donald Trump called the framework a “Green New Scam Tax on Shipping”.
Since then, Liberia – an African nation with a major low-tax shipping registry headquartered in the US state of Virginia – has proposed a new measure under which, rather than staying fixed under the NZF, ships’ emissions intensity targets change depending on “demonstrated uptake” of both “low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels”.
The proposal places stringent conditions on what fuels are taken into consideration when setting these targets, stressing that the low- and zero-carbon fuels should be “scalable”, not cost more than 15% more than standard marine fuels and should be available at “sufficient ports worldwide”.
This proposal would not “penalise transitional fuels” like natural gas and biofuels, they said. In the last decade, the US has built a host of large liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminals, which the Trump administration is lobbying other countries to purchase from.
The draft motion, seen by Climate Home News, was co-sponsored by US ally Argentina and also by Panama, a shipping hub whose canal the US has threatened to annex. Both countries voted with the US to postpone the last vote on adopting the framework.
-
IMO head: Shipping decarbonisation “has started” despite green deal delay
Arsenio Dominguez said the shipping industry’s net zero emissions goal is not in dispute although countries have stalled on adopting a framework to reach it -
US-led alliance wins a year’s delay in adoption of green shipping deal
The IMO’s Net-Zero Framework will be up for approval again in October 2026, after the US and Saudi Arabia persuaded countries not to vote on it as planned
The IMO’s Panamanian head Arsenio Dominguez told reporters in January that changes to the framework were now possible.
“It is clear from what happened last year that we need to look into the concerns that have been expressed [and] … make sure that they are somehow addressed within the framework,” he said.
Patchwork of levies
While the European Union pushed firmly for the framework’s adoption, two of its shipping-reliant member states – Greece and Cyprus – abstained in October’s vote.
After a meeting between the Greek shipping minister and Saudi Arabia’s energy minister in January, Greece said a “common position” united Greece, Saudi Arabia and the US on the framework.
If the NZF or a similar instrument is not adopted, the IMO has warned that there will be a patchwork of differing regional levies on pollution – like the EU’s emissions trading system for ships visiting its ports – which will be complicated and expensive to comply with.
This would mean that only countries with their own levies and with lots of ships visiting their ports would raise funds, making it harder for other nations to fund green investments in their ports, seafarers and shipping companies. In contrast, under the NZF, revenues would be disbursed by the IMO to all nations based on set criteria.
Anais Rios, shipping policy officer from green campaign group Seas At Risk, told Climate Home News the proposal by the Pacific nations for a levy on all shipping emissions – not just those above a certain threshold – was “the most credible way to meet the IMO’s climate goals”.
“With geopolitics reframing climate policy, asking the IMO to reopen the discussion on the universal levy is the only way to decarbonise shipping whilst bringing revenue to manage impacts fairly,” Rios said.
“It is […] far stronger than the Net-Zero Framework that is currently on offer.”
The post Pacific nations want higher emissions charges if shipping talks reopen appeared first on Climate Home News.
Pacific nations want higher emissions charges if shipping talks reopen
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