Visa and Mastercard are two of the largest payment companies in the world. They process trillions of dollars in transactions each year. Their networks connect banks, merchants, and consumers across more than 200 countries.
Full year 2025 earnings show that both companies continue to grow, even as economic conditions remain uncertain. At the same time, investors and regulators are paying closer attention to sustainability and climate commitments. This article compares Visa and Mastercard with their latest earnings data, growth trends, and environmental strategies.
Earnings Show Strong Financial Performance
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Earnings Check: Visa’s Momentum Continues
Visa reported strong financial results for its full fiscal year 2025. Net revenue reached $40.0 billion, an 11% increase from 2024. This growth was driven by higher payment volumes, stronger cross-border activity, and more transactions processed on its network.
Visa’s GAAP net income was about $20.06 billion, up from $19.74 billion in the prior year. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) grew to $10.20, compared with $9.73 a year earlier.

On a non-GAAP basis, net income was roughly $22.54 billion, and non-GAAP diluted EPS reached $11.47, both showing double-digit growth year over year. Total payments volume processed on Visa’s network was 257.5 billion transactions, up 10% from the prior year. Visa’s payment credentials also grew, reaching 4.9 billion by year-end.
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Mastercard Delivers: Solid Results and Strategic Shifts
Mastercard also reported strong results for the full year 2025. GAAP net revenue increased to $32.8 billion, up 16% from 2024. On a currency-neutral basis, revenue also grew close to 15%.
The company’s GAAP net income was about $15.0 billion, a 16% increase from the previous year. Mastercard’s diluted EPS rose to $16.52, up from $13.89 in 2024.

On a non-GAAP basis, adjusted net income was $15.4 billion, and adjusted diluted EPS reached $17.01, reflecting 14–17% growth. Transaction activity stayed strong. Gross dollar volume rose by about 9%. Cross-border volume increased by 15%, and switched transactions were up by 10%.
Comparing Growth Drivers and Market Position
Visa and Mastercard share many growth drivers. Both benefit from rising digital payments, increased travel, and global e-commerce expansion. Cross-border transactions are especially important for revenue growth, as they generate higher fees.
Visa reported cross-border growth of about 13%, while Mastercard posted 15% growth in the same area. These figures show that international spending remains a key strength for both companies.

Visa’s larger network gives it higher total revenue. Mastercard, however, often reports higher EPS due to differences in cost structure and share count. Both companies continue to invest in technology, security, and new payment services.
Analysts expect Visa to maintain double-digit revenue growth, while Mastercard is expected to grow at high single-digit to low double-digit rates. These forecasts reflect confidence in long-term payment trends.
Why Emissions Matter for Payment Giants
Financial strength is only one part of the comparison. Sustainability has become a growing focus for payment companies, especially as investors demand clearer climate action.
Breaking Down the Carbon Numbers: 2024 Emissions
Both Visa and Mastercard publish actual greenhouse gas (GHG) emission numbers each year. These figures help show how much carbon each company produces from operations and its value chains.
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Visa’s 2024 Emissions
In 2024, Visa shared detailed GHG emissions data. They used the GHG Protocol, which divides emissions into direct and indirect categories. Visa’s sustainability report shows its total operational emissions.
Scope 1 emissions were about 13,510 metric tonnes of CO₂e. For Scope 2, location-based emissions reached 73,448 metric tonnes of CO₂e.
Visa also reported 613,162 metric tonnes of Scope 3 emissions. These are indirect emissions from its value chain. They come from things like purchased goods, services, business travel, and employee commuting. This brings Visa’s total GHG emissions across Scope 1, 2, and 3 to roughly 700,120 metric tonnes of CO₂e in 2024. Scope 3 made up the largest share of these emissions, around 87.6% of the total footprint.

Visa continues to work toward decoupling its business growth from emissions, even as its operations expand. It measures its footprint each year and includes renewable energy and carbon offsets as part of its strategy to manage impact.
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Mastercard’s 2024 Emissions
Mastercard also publishes verified GHG data. In 2024, the company’s total Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions were 515,981 metric tonnes of CO₂e. This represents a 7% drop from 2023 and a 46% cut from the 2016 baseline.

Mastercard’s Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions made up about 10% of the total. The other 90% came from Scope 3 indirect emissions throughout its value chain. The company has cut emissions in several categories. It is also on track to meet interim targets approved by the Science-Based Targets initiative.
Mastercard’s environmental strategy focuses on cutting operational emissions. It also aims for 100% renewable energy in its offices and data centers. The company also uses tools and programs to help partners and consumers understand and reduce their own emissions.
These emissions figures help illustrate each company’s current footprint and progress. They provide concrete benchmarks as Visa and Mastercard work toward their long-term climate goals.

Visa’s Path to Net Zero
Visa has committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2040. This target aligns with the Science-Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and a 1.5°C climate pathway.
Visa achieved operational carbon neutrality in 2020. It maintains this status by using 100% renewable electricity across its global offices and data centers. This covers Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, as well as parts of Scope 3, such as business travel and employee commuting.
Visa also works to include sustainability in its products. It offers tools that help partners track the carbon footprint of transactions. The company supports initiatives related to greener transport and digital efficiency.
Visa’s approach focuses on reducing its own operational impact while enabling partners and customers to make more informed choices.
Mastercard’s Climate Playbook
Mastercard has also committed to net-zero emissions by 2040. Its target covers the entire value chain, including Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions.
As of 2024, Mastercard reported a 46% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from its 2016 baseline. Like Visa, Mastercard uses 100% renewable electricity for its operations.
One of Mastercard’s most visible initiatives is the Priceless Planet Coalition. The program aims to restore 100 million trees by 2025. As of 2024, the coalition had supported the planting of about 26 million trees.
Mastercard also provides tools that help consumers understand the carbon impact of their purchases. The company integrates sustainability standards into its supplier and partner programs.
Side-by-Side: How Their Climate Strategies Compare
Both companies share several similarities in their climate strategies. Each uses renewable electricity and has committed to long-term net-zero targets. Both also work with partners to extend sustainability beyond their own operations.
There are also differences in focus. Visa emphasizes operational neutrality and payment-based tools that support sustainable choices. Mastercard places more emphasis on measurable emissions reductions and large-scale environmental programs, such as reforestation.
Mastercard’s 46% emissions reduction since 2016 provides a clear progress metric. Visa’s early move to carbon neutrality in 2020 shows leadership in operational emissions.
Neither company directly controls most consumer emissions linked to card use. However, both aim to influence behavior through data, tools, and partnerships.
Looking Ahead: Profits, Payments, and Climate Pressure
Visa and Mastercard remain financially strong. Rising digital payments, global travel, and cross-border commerce continue to support earnings growth. Recent results show that both companies are well-positioned for the years ahead.
At the same time, sustainability expectations continue to rise. Regulators, investors, and consumers want clearer climate action from large financial companies. Both Visa and Mastercard have responded with net-zero commitments and measurable steps.
Challenges remain. Most emissions linked to payments sit outside direct operations. Reducing value-chain emissions will require broader collaboration with banks, merchants, and consumers.
Still, both companies have made climate strategy a core part of their long-term plans. Their progress shows how financial performance and sustainability goals are increasingly linked in the global payments industry.
The post Visa vs Mastercard: Strong Earnings Meet Rising Climate Pressure appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Philippines Taps Blue Carbon and Biodiversity Credits to Protect Coasts and Climate
The Philippines is stepping up efforts to protect its coastal ecosystems. The government recently advanced its National Blue Carbon Action Partnership (NBCAP) Roadmap. This plan aims to conserve and restore mangroves, seagrass beds, and tidal marshes. It also explores biodiversity credits — a new market linked to nature conservation.
Blue carbon refers to the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems. These habitats can hold large amounts of carbon in plants and soil. Mangroves, for example, store carbon at much higher rates than many land forests. Protecting them reduces greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Biodiversity credits are a related concept. They reward actions that protect or restore species and ecosystems. They work alongside carbon credits but focus more on ecosystem health and species diversity. Markets for biodiversity credits are being discussed globally as a complement to carbon markets.
Why the Philippines Is Targeting Blue Carbon
The Philippines is rich in coastal ecosystems. It has more than 327,000 hectares of mangroves along its shores. These areas protect coastlines from storms, support fisheries, and store carbon.
Mangroves and seagrasses also support high levels of biodiversity. Many fish, birds, and marine species depend on these habitats. Restoring these ecosystems helps conserve species and supports local food systems.
The NBCAP Roadmap was handed over to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) during the Philippine Mangrove Conference 2026. The roadmap is a strategy to protect blue carbon ecosystems while linking them to climate goals and local livelihoods.
DENR Undersecretary, Atty. Analiza Rebuelta-Teh, remarked during the turnover:
“This Roadmap reflects the Philippines’ strong commitment to advancing blue carbon accounting and delivering tangible impact for coastal communities.”
Edwina Garchitorena, country director of ZSL Philippines, which will oversee its implementation, also commented:
“The handover of the NBCAP Roadmap to the DENR represents a turning point in advancing blue carbon action and strengthening the Philippines’ leadership in coastal conservation in the region.”
The plan highlights four main pillars:
- Science, technology, and innovation.
- Policy and governance.
- Communication and community engagement.
- Finance and sustainable livelihoods.
These pillars aim to strengthen coastal resilience, support community well‑being, and align blue carbon action with national climate commitments.
What Blue Carbon Credits Could Mean for Markets
Globally, blue carbon markets are growing. These markets allow coastal restoration projects to sell carbon credits. Projects that preserve or restore mangroves, seagrass meadows, and tidal marshes can generate credits. Buyers pay for these credits to offset emissions.
According to Grand View Research, the global blue carbon market was valued at US$2.42 million in 2025. It is projected to reach US$14.79 million by 2033, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of almost 25%.

The Asia Pacific region led the market in 2025, with 39% of global revenue, due to its extensive coastal ecosystems and government support. Within the market, mangroves accounted for 68% of revenue, reflecting their high carbon storage capacity.
Blue carbon credits belong to the voluntary carbon market. Companies purchase these credits to offset emissions they can’t eliminate right now. Buyers are often motivated by sustainability goals and environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) standards.
Experts at the UN Environment Programme say these blue habitats can capture carbon 4x faster than forests:

Why Biodiversity Credits Matter: Rewarding Species, Strengthening Ecosystems
Carbon credits aim to cut greenhouse gases. In contrast, biodiversity credits focus on saving species and habitats. These credits reward projects that improve ecosystem health and may be used alongside carbon markets to attract finance for nature.
Biodiversity credits are particularly relevant in the Philippines, one of 17 megadiverse countries. The nation is home to thousands of unique plant and animal species. Supporting biodiversity through market mechanisms can strengthen conservation efforts while also supporting local communities.
Globally, biodiversity credit markets are still developing. Organizations such as the Biodiversity Credit Alliance are creating standards to ensure transparency, equity, and measurable outcomes. They want to link private investment to good environmental outcomes. They also respect the rights of local communities and indigenous peoples.
These markets complement carbon markets. They can support conservation efforts. This boosts ecosystem resilience and protects species while also capturing carbon.
Together with blue carbon credits, they form part of a broader nature-based solution to climate change and biodiversity loss. A report by the Ecosystem Marketplace estimates the potential carbon abatement for every type of blue carbon solution by 2050.

Science, Policy, and Funding: The Roadblocks Ahead
Building blue carbon and biodiversity credit markets is not easy. There are several challenges ahead for the Philippines.
One key challenge is measurement and verification. To sell carbon or biodiversity credits, projects must prove they deliver real and measurable benefits. This requires science‑based methods and monitoring systems.
Another challenge is finance. Case studies reveal that creating a blue carbon action roadmap in the Philippines may need around US$1 million. This funding will help set up essential systems and support initial actions.
Policy frameworks are also needed. Laws and rules must support credit issuance, protect local rights, and ensure fair sharing of benefits. Coordination across government agencies, local communities, and investors will be important.
Stakeholder engagement is key. The NBCAP Roadmap and related forums involve scientists, policymakers, civil society, and private sector partners. This teamwork approach makes sure actions are based on science, inclusive, and fair in the long run.
Looking Ahead: Coastal Conservation as Climate Strategy
Blue carbon and biodiversity credits could provide multiple benefits for the Philippines. Protecting and restoring coastal habitats reduces greenhouse gases, conserves species, and supports local economies. Coastal ecosystems also provide natural defenses against storms and rising seas.
If blue carbon and biodiversity credit markets grow, they could fund coastal conservation at scale while supporting global climate targets. Biodiversity credits could further enhance ecosystem protection by linking nature’s intrinsic value to market mechanisms.
The market also involves climate finance and corporate buyers looking for quality credits. Additionally, international development partners focused on coastal resilience may join in.
For the Philippines, the next few years will be critical. Implementing the NBCAP roadmap, establishing credit systems, and strengthening governance could unlock new opportunities for climate action, sustainable development, and regional leadership in blue carbon finance.
The post Philippines Taps Blue Carbon and Biodiversity Credits to Protect Coasts and Climate appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Global EV Sales Set to Hit 50% by 2030 Amid Oil Shock While CATL Leads Batteries
The global electric vehicle (EV) market is gaining speed again. A sharp rise in oil prices, triggered by the recent U.S.–Iran conflict in early 2026, has changed how consumers think about fuel and mobility. What looked like a slow market just months ago is now showing strong signs of recovery.
According to SNE Research’s latest report, this sudden shift in energy markets is pushing EV adoption faster than expected. Rising gasoline costs and uncertainty about future oil supply are driving buyers toward electric cars. As a result, the EV transition is no longer gradual—it is accelerating.
Oil Price Shock Changes Consumer Behavior
The conflict in the Middle East sent oil markets into turmoil. Gasoline prices jumped quickly, rising from around 1,600–1,700 KRW per liter to as high as 2,200 KRW. This sudden spike acted as a wake-up call for many drivers.
Consumers who once hesitated to switch to EVs are now rethinking their choices. High and unstable fuel prices have made traditional gasoline vehicles less attractive. At the same time, EVs now look more cost-effective and reliable over the long term.
SNE Research noted that even if oil prices stabilize later, the fear of future spikes will remain. This uncertainty is a key driver behind early EV adoption. People no longer want to depend on volatile fuel markets.
EV Growth Forecasts Get a Major Boost
SNE Research has revised its global EV outlook. The firm now expects faster adoption across the decade.
- EV market penetration is projected to reach 29% in 2026, up from an earlier estimate of 27%.
- By 2027, the share could jump to 35%, instead of the previously expected 30%.
- Most importantly, EVs are now expected to cross 50% of new car sales by 2030, earlier than prior forecasts.
The post Global EV Sales Set to Hit 50% by 2030 Amid Oil Shock While CATL Leads Batteries appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
AI Data Centers Power Crisis: Massive Energy Demand Threatens Emissions Targets and Latest Delays Signal Market Shift
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is creating a new challenge for global energy systems. AI data centers now require far more electricity than traditional computing facilities. This surge in demand is putting pressure on power grids and raising concerns about whether climate targets can still be met.
Large AI data centers typically need 100 to 300 megawatts (MW) of continuous power. In contrast, conventional data centers use around 10-50 MW. This makes AI facilities up to 10x more energy-intensive, depending on the scale and workload.
AI Data Centers Are Driving a Sharp Rise in Power Demand
The increase is happening quickly. The International Energy Agency estimates that global data center electricity use reached about 415 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2024. That number could rise to more than 1,000 TWh by 2026, largely driven by AI applications such as machine learning, cloud computing, and generative models. 
At that level, data centers would consume as much electricity as an entire mid-sized country like Japan.
In the United States, the impact is also growing. Data centers could account for 6% to 8% of total electricity demand by 2030, based on utility projections and grid operator estimates. AI is expected to drive most of that increase as companies continue to scale infrastructure to support new applications.
Training large AI models is especially energy-intensive. Some estimates say an advanced model can use millions of kilowatt-hours (kWh) just for training. For instance, training GPT-3 needs roughly 1.287 million kWh, and Google’s PaLM at about 3.4 million kWh. Analytical estimates suggest training newer models like GPT-4 may require between 50 million and over 100 million kWh.
That is equal to the annual electricity use of hundreds of households. When combined with ongoing usage, known as inference, total energy consumption rises even further.

This rapid growth is creating a gap between electricity demand and available supply. It is also raising questions about how the technology sector can expand while staying aligned with global climate goals.
The Grid Bottleneck: Why Data Centers Are Waiting Years for Power
Power demand from AI is rising faster than grid infrastructure can support. Utilities in key regions are now facing a surge in interconnection requests from technology companies building new data centers.
This has led to delays in several major projects. In many cases, developers must wait years before they can secure enough electricity to operate. These delays are becoming more common in established tech hubs where grid capacity is already stretched.
The main constraints include:
- Limited transmission capacity in high-demand areas,
- Slow grid upgrades and long permitting timelines, and
- Regulatory systems not designed for AI-scale demand.
Grid stability is another concern. AI data centers require constant and uninterrupted power. Even short disruptions can affect performance and reliability. This makes it more difficult for utilities to balance supply and demand, especially during peak periods.
In some regions, utilities are struggling to manage the size and concentration of new loads. A single large data center can use as much electricity as a small city. When several projects are planned in the same area, the pressure on local infrastructure increases significantly.
As a result, some companies are rethinking their expansion strategies. Projects may be delayed, scaled down, or moved to new locations where energy is more accessible. These shifts could slow the pace of AI deployment, at least in the short term.
Renewable Energy Growth Faces a Reality Check
Technology companies have made strong commitments to clean energy. Many aim to power their operations with 100% renewable electricity. This is part of their larger environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals.
For example, Microsoft plans to become carbon negative by 2030, meaning it will remove more carbon than it emits. Google is targeting 24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030, which goes beyond annual matching to ensure clean power is used at all times. Amazon has committed to reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2040 under its Climate Pledge.
Despite these targets, AI data centers present a difficult challenge. They need reliable electricity around the clock, while renewable energy sources such as wind and solar are not always available. Output can vary depending on weather conditions and time of day.
To maintain stable operations, many facilities rely on a mix of energy sources. This often includes grid electricity, which may still be partly generated from fossil fuels. In some cases, natural gas backup systems are used more frequently than planned.
Battery storage can help balance supply and demand. However, long-duration storage remains expensive and is not yet widely deployed at the scale needed for large AI facilities. This creates both technical and financial barriers.
Thus, there is a growing gap between corporate clean energy goals and real-world energy use. Closing that gap will require faster deployment of renewable energy, improved storage solutions, and more flexible grid systems.
Carbon Credits Use Surge as Tech Tries to Close the Emissions Gap
The mismatch between AI growth and clean energy supply is also affecting carbon markets. Many technology companies are increasing their use of carbon credits to offset emissions linked to data center operations.
According to the World Bank’s State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025, carbon pricing now covers over 28% of global emissions. But carbon prices vary widely—from under $10 per ton in some systems to over $100 per ton in stricter markets. This gap is pushing companies toward voluntary carbon markets.

The Ecosystem Marketplace report shows rising demand for high-quality credits, especially carbon removal rather than avoidance credits. But supply is still limited.
Costs are especially high for engineered removals. The IEA estimates that direct air capture (DAC) costs today range from about $600 to over $1,000 per ton of CO₂. It may fall to $100–$300 per ton in the future, but supply is still very small.
Companies are focusing on credits that:
- Deliver verified emissions reductions,
- Support long-term carbon removal, and
- Align with ESG and net-zero commitments.
At the same time, many firms are taking a more active role in energy development. Instead of relying only on offsets, they are investing directly in renewable energy projects. This includes funding new solar and wind farms, as well as entering long-term power purchase agreements.
These investments help secure a dedicated clean energy supply. They also reduce long-term exposure to carbon markets, which can be volatile and subject to changing standards.
Companies Are Adapting Their Energy Strategies: The New AI Energy Playbook
AI companies are changing how they design and operate data centers to manage rising energy demand. Here are some of the key strategies:
- Energy efficiency improvements (new hardware and cooling systems) that reduce data center power use.
- More efficient AI chips, specialized processors, that drive performance gains.
- Advanced cooling systems that cut energy waste and can help cut total power use per workload by 20% to 40%.
- Data center location strategy is shifting, where facilities are built in regions with stronger renewable energy access.
- Infrastructure is becoming more distributed, where firms deploy smaller data centers across multiple locations to balance demand and improve resilience.
- Long-term renewable energy contracts are expanding, which helps companies secure power at stable prices.
A Turning Point for Energy and Climate Goals
The rise of AI is creating both risks and opportunities for the global energy transition. In the short term, increased electricity demand could lead to higher emissions if fossil fuels are used to fill supply gaps.
At the same time, AI is driving major investment in clean energy and infrastructure. The long-term outcome will depend on how quickly clean energy systems can scale.
If renewable supply, storage, and grid capacity keep pace with AI growth, the technology sector could help accelerate the shift to a low-carbon economy. If progress is too slow, however, AI could become a major new source of emissions.
Either way, AI is now a central force shaping global energy demand, infrastructure investment, and the future of carbon markets.
The post AI Data Centers Power Crisis: Massive Energy Demand Threatens Emissions Targets and Latest Delays Signal Market Shift appeared first on Carbon Credits.
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