Microplastics exposure has been linked to multiple health risks, including increased colon cancer risk, sperm and testicular damage, and injury or inflammation to the lungs, according to a recent report led by researchers at University of California San Francisco’s (UCSF) Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).
Researchers analyzed nearly 3,000 recent studies, published between July 2022 and April 2024, that were focused on microplastics exposure and health. After reviewing the studies, the team narrowed their review to include 31 studies total, 28 of which focused on rodent subjects and three of which were human studies. Most of the studies evaluated health effects related to round microplastics made from polystyrene, while only one of the 31 studies focused on secondary microplastics, such as particles from vehicle tires.
In the review, researchers determined that microplastics exposure posed digestive tract, reproductive system and respiratory system hazards. Specific health threats could include risks of infertility, colon cancer, decreased lung function and chronic pulmonary inflammation, which in turn could increase lung cancer risks, UCSF reported. The authors published their findings in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.

Environ. Sci. Technol. 2024, 58, 52, 22843-22864
“These microplastics are basically particulate matter air pollution, and we know this type of air pollution is harmful,” said Dr. Tracey Woodruff, professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at UCSF.
According to Reuters, humans could be ingesting about 5 grams of plastic per week, about the same weight as a credit card or a plastic cap of a bottle. While scientists have published thousands of studies on potential links between microplastics and health impacts, the extent of these potential hazards is still largely unknown.
Microplastics are pieces of plastic that are less than 5 millimeters in diameter. These plastics may be intentionally produced, such as in conventional glitter, or can be secondary microplastics, which are produced when larger pieces of plastic degrade when exposed to the elements.
As Bon Appétit reported, microplastics can be found in bottled water, tap water, seafood, honey, produce, rice and tea bags. As plastic degrades in the environment, microplastics can also be released into the air from larger plastic pieces or even car tires. Previous studies have found evidence of microplastics in the human body, including the brain.
In response to the findings, the authors have recommended that governments increase policies to reduce microplastics pollution in the environment, including legislation that would ban intentionally added microplastics to products. Further, the organization has recommended more funding for additional research into microplastics exposure risks.
“We urge regulatory agencies and policy leaders to consider the growing evidence of health harms from microplastics, including colon and lung cancer,” said Nicholas Chartres, first author of the study, former lead of the science and policy team at the Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, and a current senior research fellow at University of Sydney. “We hope state leaders will take immediate action to prevent further exposures.”
The post Microplastics Exposure Linked to Digestive, Reproductive and Respiratory Health Risks appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/microplastics-exposure-health-risks.html
Green Living
Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Liquidonate CEO Disney Petit On Solving The Retail Returns Crisis
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What if the solution to the retail industry’s $890 billion returns crisis wasn’t better logistics, but better logic? Disney Petit, founder and CEO of Liquidonate, is proving that the most sustainable return skips the trip back to a warehouse and goes directly to a community in need. Americans returned nearly 17% of all retail purchases last year, generating 2.6 million tons of landfill waste and 16 million tons of CO2 emissions. Each return costs retailers between $25 and $35 to process, yet 52% of consumers admit to participating in return fraud at least once. Petit witnessed this broken system firsthand as employee number 15 at Postmates, where she built the customer service team and created Civic Labs, the company’s social responsibility arm. Her food security product Bento, which allowed people without smartphones to access free food via text message, won Time Magazine’s 2021 Invention of the Year Award. Now Liquidonate has earned recognition as one of Time’s Best Inventions of 2025.

Liquidonate integrates directly with retailers’ existing warehouse and return management systems. When a product comes back and can’t be resold—open box, slightly damaged, or simply unwanted—the platform automatically matches it with a local nonprofit or school that needs it. “It’s the same reverse logistics workflow they already use,” Petit explains. “It’s just redirected toward community good instead of going to the landfill.” The platform handles everything: shipping labels, pickup coordination, and tax documentation so retailers can write off donations. Retailers recover logistics costs through tax benefits while communities receive quality products, and millions of pounds of goods stay out of landfills.
To date, retailers using Liquidonate have diverted over 12 million items from landfills, working with more than 4,000 nonprofits across the country. Liquidonate also tackles return fraud by eliminating “keep it” returns, when customers claim they want to return something but are told to keep the item and still receive a refund. “One hundred percent of the time we’re producing a shipping label for a nonprofit who wants that product,” Petit says. “We completely eliminate that keep-it return option, so we eliminate the returns fraud option.” With $900 billion worth of inventory potentially available for redirection, Petit approaches the business through the lens of environmental justice, building a for-profit company designed to prove that doing good and doing well aren’t mutually exclusive—they’re interdependent.
Nonprofits and schools can sign up for free at liquidonate.com. Retailers interested in partnering can reach out to partners@liquidonate.com.
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Editor’s Note: This episode originally aired on November 17, 2025.
The post Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Liquidonate CEO Disney Petit On Solving The Retail Returns Crisis appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/podcast/sustainability-in-your-ear-liquidonate-ceo-disney-petit-on-solving-the-retail-returns-crisis/
Green Living
Buyer’s Guide: Most Efficient Counter-Depth Refrigerators
We would all like to buy the most environmentally friendly appliances available. But in real life, energy efficiency is only one of many factors we need to consider when we’re making major purchases. If you’re dealing with a narrow galley kitchen, living in a tiny house, or dealing with any number of awkward kitchen configurations, the dimensions of your new refrigerator might be your top priority. Fortunately, if a counter-depth refrigerator is non-negotiable, there are extremely efficient options.
The refrigerators in the original 2021 version of this guide are either discontinued, superseded, or now five years into an appliance lifecycle that averages 10–14 years. A lot has changed — and not just the model numbers.
Counter-depth refrigerators have closed much of the capacity gap with standard-depth models. In 2024, LG and Samsung introduced counter-depth models reaching 26.5–27 cubic feet, nearly matching standard-depth capacity without jutting past your cabinets.
Even better, refrigerant reform is also essentially complete: R-600a, which has a global warming potential 500 times lower than previous refrigerants, is now the industry standard across virtually all new household refrigerators sold in the U.S. You no longer need to check the door sticker for refrigerant type — it’s almost certainly R-600a. One new nuance: R-600a is flammable. This doesn’t create meaningful safety risk in normal use, but it does mean sealed-system repairs must be performed by a technician with hydrocarbon-rated recovery equipment. Ask before scheduling service.
This article contains affiliate links. If you purchase an item through one of these links, we receive a small commission that helps fund our Recycling Directory.
How to Choose a Counter-Depth Refrigerator
Counter-depth isn’t a single spec, it’s a range. True counter-depth refrigerators, which are 24- to 25-inches deep, offer a counter-flush look but are relatively rare. Most models marketed as counter-depth run 27–30 inches deep are still meaningfully shallower than standard-depth units, which range from 32 to 36 inches. Be sure to measure your space carefully before shopping.
- Fit first. Measure the opening width, depth (including door swing clearance and handle protrusion), and height. Leave at least 1 inch on each side and top for ventilation. Note any door swing obstructions, such as islands, adjacent cabinets, dishwasher handles.
- Right-size for your household. The commonly cited rule is that each person needs 4 to 6 cubic feet of total capacity. A household of two can usually work with 16–20 cubic foot fridge; three to four people generally need 20–26 cubic feet. Don’t oversize, as a mostly empty refrigerator is less efficient than one that’s three-quarters full.
- Freezer configuration. Top-freezer models remain the most energy-efficient configuration per cubic foot. Bottom-freezer designs put fresh food at eye level but add mechanical complexity. French-door models are most popular and offer the widest variety but use more energy and generate more service calls than simpler designs.
- Energy consumption, not just certification. Energy Star certification means a model uses at least 10% less energy than the federal minimum. That’s a floor, not a ceiling. Check the yellow EnergyGuide label on the appliance for estimated annual kWh; typically the difference between the best and worst Energy Star-certified counter-depth models can be 200+ kWh per year, a $20–$40 annual gap at annual utility rates.
- Refrigerant. As of 2025, R-600a is effectively universal in new U.S. refrigerators. Verify on the data plate inside the fresh-food compartment.
- Features that raise energy use. Through-door ice and water dispensers, in-door ice makers, anti-sweat heaters, and smart screens all increase electricity consumption. If you don’t need them, the most efficient models skip them. Internal water dispensers are a reasonable middle ground that provide convenience without an exterior mechanism that uses electricity.
- Reliability data. French-door models with ice makers generate significantly more service calls than simpler designs. Yale Appliance’s 2026 service data, based on 33,190 service calls, ranks LG and GE as the most reliable counter-depth French-door brands, with Bosch leading on temperature stability. Consumer Reports members can find long-term predicted reliability rankings by brand at consumerreports.org, where GE brands and Bosch consistently rank near the top for long-term predicted reliability.
- Service access. A reliable brand is only as good as the technicians who can fix it. GE has the broadest national service network. Bosch and LG are well-supported in most metros. Samsung has historically had longer repair wait times, a real consideration for a decade-long appliance relationship.
- Don’t forget disposal. When your old refrigerator goes, the R-600a refrigerant must be recovered by a certified technician before recycling. Use Earth911’s recycling search to find appliance recyclers near you, and confirm that they are an EPA Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) partner to ensure proper refrigerant handling.
The Best Counter-Depth Refrigerators in 2026
The original article featured models from 2021, most of which are discontinued. Here are current alternatives organized by configuration, prioritizing Energy Star certification, current availability, and documented reliability.
Best for Energy Efficiency: Frigidaire FFTR1835VW (Top Freezer)
Top-freezer models remain the most efficient configuration available. The Frigidaire FFTR1835VW is an 18.3 cu. ft. Energy Star–certified top-freezer with a 30-inch depth, which is significantly shallower than standard models. It uses approximately 369 kWh/year, forgoes energy-intensive features like an ice maker and through-door dispenser, and includes humidity-controlled crisper drawers and an auto-defrost function. It’s also garage-ready (tested from 38°F to 110°F) and ADA compliant. No smart features, no ice maker; just efficient, reliable cold storage.
Depth: 30 in. | Capacity: 18.3 cu. ft. | Est. energy: ~369 kWh/yr | Price range: $600–$750
Best Value French Door (33″): Samsung RF18A5101SR
For smaller kitchens that want a French-door design without a full 36-inch footprint, the Samsung RF18A5101SR is a 33-inch-wide counter-depth model with 17.5 cu. ft. total capacity. Its Twin Cooling Plus system uses two independent evaporators to keep refrigerator and freezer air separate to extend food life and limit odor transfer. It includes an ice maker, Wi-Fi connectivity via Samsung’s SmartThings app, Power Cool and Power Freeze modes, and Energy Star certification. The 33-inch width is a significant advantage for kitchens with narrower openings. Note: Samsung’s service network can have longer wait times in some regions — check availability before purchasing.
Depth: 28.5 in. | Capacity: 17.5 cu. ft. | Est. energy: ~448 kWh/yr | Price range: $1,100–$1,500
Best Large-Capacity Counter-Depth: LG LRFLC2706S (Counter-Depth MAX)
The LG LRFLC2706S resolves what was long the core counter-depth trade-off: it delivers 26.5 cu. ft. of storage in a counter-depth footprint — previously only achievable with a standard-depth unit. The Counter-Depth MAX uses thinner walls and advanced insulation to achieve this. It includes an internal water dispenser (no exterior mechanism, which reduces complexity), an ice maker, Door Cooling+ for even temperature distribution, a PrintProof stainless finish, and Wi-Fi via LG’s ThinQ app. Energy Star certified. Yale Appliance’s 2026 reliability data ranks LG as one of the top performers for first-year service rates in this category.
Depth: 29.25 in. | Capacity: 26.5 cu. ft. | Est. energy: ~632 kWh/yr | Price range: $1,700–$2,200
Best for Food Preservation: Bosch 800 Series B36CT80SNS
No other freestanding counter-depth refrigerator matches Bosch’s food preservation system. The B36CT80SNS uses dual compressors and dual evaporators, keeping refrigerator and freezer air completely separate to prevent humidity fluctuations that accelerate produce spoilage and limits odor transfer. Bosch’s FarmFresh System includes VitaFreshPro automatic temperature and humidity balancing for different food types and SuperCool/SuperFreeze modes for rapid chilling of new groceries. The adjustable FlexBar adds organizational flexibility. Energy Star certified. Yale’s 2026 service data shows Bosch’s first-year service rate at 12.7% — higher than LG but with notably fewer cooling failures; its strength is sustained temperature stability rather than low failure probability.
Depth: 24 in. (case); 29 in. with handles | Capacity: 21 cu. ft. | Est. energy: ~530 kWh/yr | Price range: $2,800–$3,500
Best Premium Option: GE Profile PVD28BYNFS (4-Door French Door)
The GE Profile PVD28BYNFS is a 4-door, 27.9 cu. ft. French-door model with a door-in-door design for quick-access storage without opening the main compartment — reducing cold air loss on high-traffic items. GE’s TwinChill dual evaporators maintain optimal humidity and temperature in fresh-food and freezer sections independently. Includes a hands-free, sensor-controlled AutoFill water dispenser, an adjustable-temperature middle drawer with four preset modes for meat, beverage, snacks, and wine, as well as an LED light wall and Wi-Fi. Energy Star certified with an estimated operating cost of approximately $91/year. GE has the widest service network of any major appliance brand, which matters over a 10+ year ownership horizon.
Depth: 36.75 in. (standard depth; counter-depth version also available) | Capacity: 27.9 cu. ft. | Est. energy: ~760 kWh/yr (est. $91/yr operating cost) | Price range: $2,400–$3,200
Counter-Depth Refrigerator Comparison
| Model | Config | Depth | Capacity | Est. kWh/yr | Price Range | Best For |
| Frigidaire FFTR1835VW | Top freezer | 30 in. | 18.3 cu. ft. | ~369 | $600–$750 | Max efficiency, budget buyers, small households |
| Samsung RF18A5101SR | French door | 28.5 in. | 17.5 cu. ft. | ~448 | $1,100–$1,500 | Narrow kitchens (33″), mid-budget |
| LG LRFLC2706S | French door | 29.25 in. | 26.5 cu. ft. | ~632 | $1,700–$2,200 | Families needing standard-depth capacity with counter-depth fit |
| Bosch 800 Series B36CT80SNS | French door | 24/29 in. | 21 cu. ft. | ~530 | $2,800–$3,500 | Food preservation, open kitchens, long food storage |
| GE Profile PVD28BYNFS | 4-door French door | 36.75 in.* | 27.9 cu. ft. | ~760 | $2,400–$3,200 | Entertainers, home cooks, service reliability |
*GE Profile PVD28BYNFS is primarily standard-depth; a counter-depth version is available at select retailers.
Getting the Most From Your Refrigerator
The most efficient refrigerator you can buy is the one you already own, as long as it’s working properly. To make your fridge last longer, take these simple steps:
- Set the refrigerator to 35–38°F and the freezer to 0°F. These are the optimal food-safe temperatures.
- Clean condenser coils 1–2 times per year. Dusty coils force the compressor to work harder.
- Check door seals. If a dollar bill slides out easily when the door is closed, the gasket needs replacing.
- Keep it three-quarters full. Both overfilled and mostly empty refrigerators are less efficient.
- Turn off the anti-sweat heater if your climate doesn’t require it, as it’s one of the bigger phantom draws.
Editor’s Note: Originally published on March 24, 2021, this article was substantially updated in April 2026.
The post Buyer’s Guide: Most Efficient Counter-Depth Refrigerators appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/home-garden/efficient-counter-depth-refrigerators/
Green Living
Take Action on Arbor Day to Help Our Planet
There are certain things in nature we take for granted. We wake up and the sun is shining, or temporarily blurred by clouds. We pour a glass of water and trust it’s safe to drink. We take a deep breath of fresh air, not spending a minute worrying whether it will harm us.
But some pockets of the world don’t have this luxury today, and many experts predict more and more people across the globe won’t either as we move forward into the 21st century.
Clean air. Clean water. A livable climate. All at risk.
Trees Help Restore Our Planet
To preserve our planet for our children and future generations, we no longer have the luxury to take any of this for granted. So today, on Arbor Day, we want to put forth one word, a powerful solution to re-balance our planet: trees.
Is anything more miraculous than the simplicity and perfection of trees?
Trees are nature’s original life preserver. They’re a simple solution for a global environment increasingly at risk. Without the great cleansing of the atmosphere that trees provide; without the great purification of our soil, rivers, and aquifers that trees make possible; without trees, life on Earth wouldn’t exist.
Sadly, at the very time we need them most, trees are under assault.
- There are wildfires, nearly 65,000 wildfires in 2024, that burned almost 9 million acres across the U.S., above both the five- and ten-year averages.
- Taken together, U.S. wildfires consumed more than 75 million acres over the past decade — an area larger than the entire state of Colorado — according to annual statistics compiled by the National Interagency Coordination Center at the National Interagency Fire Center.
- There are droughts, the extended dry spells that have killed hundreds of millions of trees across California and the broader West over the past decade.
- There are insect infestations, which claim more than 6 million acres of land across the U.S. every year.
- And finally, there is human-caused deforestation; we continue to lose more than 15 billion trees around the world every year.
Human behavior contributes to many of these tragedies. So, it’s our profound responsibility to plant trees. It’s hugely important, with our planet hanging in the balance.
Plant A Million Trees
We cannot take trees for granted. Trees are not a “nice to have”; they’re a “must have.” As a nation, as a world — as people who need a survivable future — we must plant more trees now.
This year’s Arbor Day, on Friday, April 24, 2026, arrives with a double milestone. The Arbor Day Foundation is celebrating the 50th anniversary of Tree City USA, its landmark urban forestry recognition program, as it also launches the Million Trees Project, a campaign to plant 1 million new trees and assemble the world’s largest collection of personal tree stories.
Since 1976, Tree City USA has grown from 42 recognized communities to more than 3,500 cities and towns across all 50 states. Those communities plant nearly 1 million trees annually and collectively invested $2 billion in trees in their most recent reporting year. That’s what sustained civic commitment looks like; it’s the foundation on which the Million Trees Project is building.
Trees are one thing we can all agree on. In a contentious and fractured world, they cross the technology divide, the political divide, the equality divide, and the culture divide. If ever there was a time to plant trees, now is that time.

Let’s Plant Trees Together
Everyone can be part of the Million Trees Project. The campaign runs through National Arbor Day and beyond, with three ways to participate:
- Plant a tree — then share your story. Individuals can plant at least one tree and submit a photo or short narrative at org/celebrate, documenting what was planted, where, and why.
- Schools and classrooms can register a tree-planting event, log trees planted, and submit student stories to the campaign database.
- Communities and municipalities — especially Tree City USA designees — can register mass planting events, with every tree counted toward the million-tree goal.
Together, let’s restore our forests, build healthier communities, improve quality of life, and put our simplest and best solution to climate change into action. Let’s pave the way for future generations and their health and well-being.
A tree planted today will always make our lives better tomorrow. Today, on Arbor Day, and every day from here on out, take a moment to look at trees differently — as a life source, as a well of joy and natural beauty, as humanity’s life saver and preserver.
Together, let’s get this job done.
If you don’t have space or time to plant a tree yourself, you can plant a tree virtually through these organizations.
Editor’s Note: Originally published on April 24, 2019, this article was most recently updated with current in April 2026. Feature image by Tien Vu from Pixabay
The post Take Action on Arbor Day to Help Our Planet appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/inspire/arbor-day-call-to-action/
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