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Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy: A Landscape in Transition

Japan, a country known for its technological prowess, is facing a challenge in its energy sector. 

While it boasts a respectable share of renewable energy production, wind power lags behind compared to other developed nations. 

There’s a growing focus on wind energy as a key player in Japan’s renewable energy future. The government has set ambitious targets to significantly increase wind power capacity, particularly through offshore installations. This highlights the shift towards a more wind-powered future.

This transition isn’t without its hurdles. Public perception and the mountainous terrain of much of Japan pose challenges for onshore wind farm development. This paragraph introduces some of the obstacles Japan faces in expanding wind energy.

Japan’s wind energy landscape is poised for significant change. By exploring the current state, future goals, and existing challenges, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of this evolving energy source in the Land of the Rising Sun. This concludes the introduction with a forward-looking statement, piquing the reader’s interest in learning more.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

A Historical Breeze: Wind Power in Japan

Japan’s relationship with wind energy is a tale of two eras. Traditionally, windmills played a crucial role in rural Japan for centuries.

  • Early Reliance: Thousands of windmills operated in regions like Nagano and Hokkaido, primarily used for agricultural purposes like irrigation and drainage, until the mid-20th century. These traditional windmills, often called “Yamada turbines,” were a testament to Japan’s early adoption of wind power.

  • Post-War Lull: Following World War II, Japan’s focus shifted towards rebuilding and rapid economic growth. Fossil fuels became the dominant energy source, pushing wind power to the sidelines.

The narrative picks up again in the latter half of the 20th century:

  • Modern Revival: The 1970s oil crisis spurred a renewed interest in renewable energy sources. Pilot projects for wind-powered electricity generation began to emerge, with the first trial conducted on Ibuki mountain in the 1920s finally seeing wider exploration.

  • Slow and Steady Growth: Despite this renewed interest, the development of wind energy in Japan remained relatively slow compared to other developed nations. Factors like a lack of strong policy support and challenges in securing land for large-scale projects contributed to this slower pace.

This historical overview provides context for understanding the current state of wind energy in Japan. It highlights the long history of wind utilization, the post-war shift, and the recent revival of interest in this clean energy source.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Statistic Data of Japan’s Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Power by the Numbers

Japan’s wind energy sector is on the rise, but there’s still room for significant growth. Here’s a look at some key statistics that paint a picture of the current landscape:

  • Installed Capacity: Japan’s total installed wind power capacity is around 4.2 gigawatts (GW). This represents a small fraction of the country’s overall energy generation.

  • Energy Generation: Wind power contributes roughly 3% to Japan’s electricity generation. Though modest, this percentage is steadily increasing.

  • Onshore vs. Offshore: The vast majority (around 90%) of Japan’s wind power comes from onshore wind farms, primarily located in regions with stronger winds. Offshore wind development is still in its early stages but holds significant potential.

  • Government Targets: Japan has ambitious plans to increase wind power capacity by eightfold in just a few years.
    These statistics offer a snapshot of Japan’s wind energy landscape, highlighting the current capacity, its contribution to the energy mix, and the focus on future growth, particularly through offshore development.

Japan’s Wind Power Table by the Numbers

Statistic Data
Installed Capacity 4.2 Gigawatts (GW)
Contribution to Electricity Generation 3%
Onshore vs. Offshore 90% Onshore, 10% Offshore (approx.)
Government Target (by 2030) 8x Increase in Capacity

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy Landscape: Policy and Regulation

Japan’s wind energy sector is undergoing a significant policy shift, aiming to propel it towards a more prominent role in the country’s energy mix. Let’s delve into the key policy instruments and regulatory frameworks shaping this transformation.

Policy Support:

  • Feed-in Tariff (FIT): Introduced in 2012, the FIT program provided a guaranteed price for electricity generated from renewable sources, including wind. This initial policy played a crucial role in kickstarting wind energy development. However, in 2022, it was partially replaced by the…
  • Feed-in Premium (FIP): This new system introduces competitive auctions for renewable energy projects, including wind. The FIP aims to drive down costs and promote efficient development.

Regulatory Framework:

  • Marine Renewable Energy Act (2018): This act streamlines the allocation of offshore wind farm development areas. It establishes an auction process, facilitating investment and project development in this promising sector.
  • Streamlining Permitting: The government is actively working to reduce bureaucratic hurdles and shorten the permitting process for wind farm projects, both onshore and offshore. This aims to expedite project development and reduce overall costs.

Challenges and Considerations:

  • Public Perception: Securing social acceptance for wind farms, particularly onshore projects, remains a hurdle. Community concerns regarding aesthetics, noise, and potential environmental impact need to be addressed effectively.
  • Grid Integration: Integrating large-scale wind energy into the existing grid infrastructure poses challenges. Upgrading and expanding the grid is crucial to accommodate the fluctuating nature of wind power.

Future Outlook:

Japan’s policy and regulatory landscape for wind energy is evolving to address past limitations and unlock its full potential. While challenges remain, the government’s commitment to ambitious targets and a focus on streamlining processes point towards a brighter future for wind power in Japan.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy Landscape: Wind Farm Projects

Here’s a list of 7 Wind Farms in Japan:

  1. Akita and Noshiro Offshore Wind Power Project (Akita): Operational since December 2022, this project boasts 33 turbines generating 140 MW of electricity.
  2. Aoyama Plateau Wind Farm (Muroo-Akame-Aoyama Quasi-National Park): Currently the largest wind farm in Japan with a capacity of 95 MW.
  3. Ishikari Bay Wind Farm (Hokkaido): This 2023 operational wind farm has 14 turbines with a total capacity of 112 MW and a 180 MWh battery storage system.
  4. Fukushima Floating Wind Turbine (Fukushima): A single-turbine pilot project commissioned in 2013, located 20 kilometers offshore with a capacity of 2 MW.
  5. Tohoku Wind Farm (Tottori): Developed by JWD, this wind farm has 13 turbines with a total capacity of 19,500 kW.
  6. Hizen Minami Wind Farm (Saga): Another JWD project consisting of several turbines with a total capacity of 18,000 kW.
  7. Setana Wind Farm (Hokkaido): A small-scale wind farm with 2 turbines and a total capacity of 1.2 MW, showcasing a close-to-shore wind farm concept.
Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy Infrastructure: A Mixed Bag

Japan is aiming to significantly boost its wind energy production, but its infrastructure for this renewable source is currently in development. Here’s a breakdown:

Onshore Wind:

  • More established than offshore, but still faces challenges:
    • Limited suitable land – Mountainous terrain restricts options.
    • Public opposition – Concerns about noise and visual impact can stall projects.

Offshore Wind:

  • Seen as having huge potential due to strong, consistent winds:
    • Major infrastructure investments needed:
      • Building ports suitable for constructing and maintaining massive turbines.
      • Strengthening the power grid, especially for transmitting power from Hokkaido (windier) to major consumption areas.
    • Regulatory hurdles are being addressed to streamline permitting processes.

Government Initiatives:

  • Recognizing the need for better infrastructure, the government is taking steps:
    • Funding for grid upgrades and port development.
    • Simplifying regulations for offshore wind projects.
  • Japan’s wind energy infrastructure is undergoing a significant transformation.
  • While there are challenges, the potential of offshore wind and government support suggest a promising future.

Here are some additional points to consider:

  • Japan is looking to other countries like Denmark for inspiration in building a strong wind energy sector.
  • Technological advancements in floating wind turbines could unlock even more potential, especially in deeper waters.
Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy: Embracing Technological Advancements

Japan is actively adopting and developing wind turbine technologies to enhance its wind energy production. Here’s a glimpse into the technological landscape:

Dominant Technology:

  • Large horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs): These are the workhorses of Japan’s wind farms, with ever-growing capacities and blade lengths to capture more wind.

Emerging Technologies:

  • Variable-speed turbines: These adjust rotor speed based on wind variations, producing more consistent power and reducing noise pollution.
  • High-capacity turbines: Newer models boast capacities exceeding 5 megawatts (MW), significantly boosting energy generation per turbine.
  • Floating wind turbines: With strong offshore winds, Japan is exploring floating turbines for deep-sea deployment, unlocking vast potential.
  • Wind lens technology: This experimental tech involves a large hoop structure that intensifies wind, potentially tripling power output from turbines placed within it.

Focus on Efficiency and Sustainability:

  • Lightweight materials: Turbine components are being made lighter for better efficiency and reduced environmental impact during production and transportation.
  • Improved grid integration: Advanced systems manage the variable nature of wind energy, ensuring smooth integration with the national grid.

Collaboration and Innovation:

  • Japan is actively involved in international research and development efforts to refine wind turbine technology.
  • Domestic companies are working on advancements, aiming to become major players in the global wind energy market.

Challenges and Opportunities:

  • High initial costs: Advanced wind technology can be expensive, but long-term operational savings and falling costs make it attractive.
  • Localization of technology: Japan strives to become more self-sufficient in manufacturing wind turbine components.

Japan’s wind energy sector is embracing technological advancements to become a more significant source of clean energy. It’s a story of continuous improvement, with research and development efforts paving the way for a more efficient and sustainable future.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy: Fueled by Private Sector Innovation

The private sector plays a crucial role in driving Japan’s wind energy sector forward. Here’s how:

Investment and Development:

  • Leading the Charge: Private companies are the primary developers and investors in wind farm projects, both onshore and offshore.
  • Financial Backing: They provide essential funding for project development, construction, and turbine installation.
  • Expertise and Innovation: Private companies bring their expertise in technology, engineering, and project management to the table. They’re also at the forefront of developing new wind turbine technologies, as mentioned previously.

Operations and Maintenance:

  • Long-Term Commitment: Private companies often operate and maintain wind farms, ensuring optimal performance and maximizing energy production.

Challenges and Collaboration:

  • Risk Management: Private companies manage the financial risks associated with wind farm development, such as permitting delays and grid connection issues.
  • Collaboration is Key: Success hinges on strong collaboration between private companies, the government, and local communities. Open communication helps address public concerns and streamline permitting processes.

Examples of Private Sector Involvement:

  • Major Japanese corporations like Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Sumitomo Corporation are actively involved in wind turbine manufacturing and project development.
  • Several independent power producers (IPPs) invest and operate wind farms across Japan.

The Future of Private Sector Participation:

  • As Japan expands its offshore wind potential, private companies are expected to play an even greater role in project development, financing, and construction.
  • Continued innovation in technology and efficient operation models will be crucial for the private sector to stay competitive.

The private sector is the engine driving Japan’s wind energy growth. Their investments, expertise, and risk-taking spirit are essential for achieving ambitious renewable energy targets.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy Landscape: Key Player Company

Japan’s wind energy sector is driven by a public-private partnership. While the government sets ambitious goals and provides regulatory frameworks, private companies are the backbone of development, financing, and innovation. Here, we’ll delve into one of the key players in this space:

JERA Co., Inc.

JERA is the largest electric power company in Japan, formed in 2015 through the merger of Tokyo Electric Power Company’s (TEPCO) and Chubu Electric Power Company’s thermal power generation businesses. JERA is a major player not only in traditional fossil fuel power generation but also increasingly in renewable energy, including wind power.

JERA’s involvement in Wind Energy:

  • Investment in Wind Farms: JERA has invested in both onshore and offshore wind projects across Japan.
  • Focus on Offshore Wind: Recognizing the vast potential of offshore wind, JERA is actively involved in developing large-scale offshore wind farms, including:
    • Akita Noshiro Offshore Wind Farm – a 130 MW project in the Sea of Japan, operational since 2022.
    • Chitose Offshore Wind Farm – a planned 1.4 GW project off the coast of Hokkaido, expected to be operational by 2028.
  • Technological Advancements: JERA collaborates with research institutions and private companies to explore and implement advanced wind turbine technologies for higher efficiency and lower costs.

JERA’s Contribution to Japan’s Wind Energy Landscape:

JERA’s significant financial resources and expertise in power generation make them a crucial player in driving Japan’s wind energy ambitions. Their focus on offshore wind development and technological advancements paves the way for a more sustainable and secure energy future for Japan.

Other Key Players:

It’s important to note that JERA is just one of many companies contributing to Japan’s wind energy sector. Other key players include:

  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI): A leading manufacturer of wind turbines and a major player in wind farm development.
  • Sumitomo Corporation: A diversified trading and investment company involved in wind farm project development and financing.
  • Marubeni Corporation: A trading and investment company with a growing portfolio of wind power projects.
  • Ørsted: A leading Danish wind energy company with a presence in the Japanese offshore wind market.

These companies, along with many others, are working together to make wind energy a significant contributor to Japan’s energy mix.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy: Balancing Progress with Environmental Protection

Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of power, but its development isn’t without environmental considerations. Here’s a look at the potential environmental impacts of wind energy in Japan:

Positive Impacts:

  • Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Wind power displaces fossil fuel generation, leading to significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
  • Conservation of Fossil Fuels: Wind energy helps conserve dwindling reserves of fossil fuels like coal and natural gas.

Negative Impacts:

  • Habitat Loss and Bird Strikes: Wind turbines can disrupt bird migration patterns and pose a collision risk for some species, particularly birds of prey. Careful siting and mitigation strategies are crucial.
  • Impact on Bats: Similar to birds, wind turbines can injure or kill bats depending on location and operation.
  • Impact on Marine Life (Offshore): Construction and operation of offshore wind farms can disrupt underwater noise levels and potentially impact marine mammals.
  • Habitat Fragmentation (Onshore): Construction of wind farms and access roads can fragment natural habitats, impacting wildlife movement and ecological connectivity.
  • Visual and Noise Pollution: Large wind turbines can alter landscapes and generate noise, potentially impacting nearby communities and tourism.

Mitigation Strategies:

  • Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): Thorough EIAs are crucial for identifying potential impacts and implementing mitigation measures before project development.
  • Strategic Siting: Locating wind farms away from sensitive ecological areas and migration corridors is essential.
  • Turbine Technology: Using newer, quieter turbine models and optimizing operational schedules can minimize noise pollution.
  • Habitat Restoration: Restoring disturbed habitats and creating wildlife corridors can help offset some negative impacts.
  • Community Engagement: Open communication and involvement of local communities throughout the development process are vital for addressing concerns and finding solutions.

Moving Forward:

  • Japan is working on refining its regulatory framework to balance wind energy development with environmental protection.
  • Technological advancements in turbine design and operation can further reduce environmental impacts.
  • Promoting public understanding of the benefits and responsible development of wind energy is crucial for wider acceptance.

Wind energy offers a significant opportunity for Japan to achieve its clean energy goals. By carefully considering and mitigating the potential environmental impacts, Japan can harness the power of wind while protecting its valuable ecosystems.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy: Reaping the Benefits of a Clean Power Source

Japan’s wind energy sector holds immense potential to deliver a multitude of benefits and advantages. 

Here’s a breakdown of the key advantages wind energy offers:

Environmental Benefits:

  • Combating Climate Change: Wind power displaces fossil fuel dependence, resulting in significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. This is crucial for tackling climate change and ensuring a cleaner future.
  • Energy Security and Independence: Wind is a domestic and renewable resource, reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels and enhancing Japan’s energy security.

Economic Benefits:

  • Job Creation: The wind energy sector creates jobs in manufacturing, construction, operation, and maintenance of wind farms. This stimulates local economies and fosters the development of a skilled green workforce.
  • Technological Innovation: Japan’s push for wind energy drives innovation in turbine technology, grid integration, and efficient energy management systems. This strengthens its position in the global clean energy market.

Social Benefits:

  • Improved Public Health: Reduced air pollution from wind energy leads to improved public health, lowering respiratory illnesses and healthcare costs.
  • Sustainable Development: Wind energy development, when done responsibly, can contribute to sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency and environmental consciousness.

Additional Advantages:

  • Land Use Efficiency: Wind farms can coexist with other land uses such as agriculture and grazing, maximizing land utilization.
  • Predictable Energy Source: Wind patterns are predictable, allowing for better forecasting and grid management compared to some other renewable sources like solar.

Challenges and Considerations:

  • Intermittency: Wind is a variable resource, so integrating it with the grid requires advanced management systems and potentially energy storage solutions.
  • Public Perception: Visual and noise concerns from wind farms can create opposition in some communities. Open communication and addressing concerns are crucial.

The benefits and advantages of wind energy are substantial for Japan. By strategically addressing the challenges and implementing responsible development practices, Japan can unlock the clean energy potential of wind and move towards a more sustainable future.

Japan's Wind Energy Landscape

Japan’s Wind Energy Landscape: A Story of Potential and Progress

Japan’s wind energy sector is on a promising trajectory. While challenges exist, the potential benefits of wind power are undeniable. Here’s a summary of the key takeaways:

  • Significant Potential: Japan has vast wind resources, particularly offshore, offering a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
  • Infrastructure Development: Investments are underway to upgrade the power grid and develop ports suitable for offshore wind projects.
  • Technological Advancements: Japan is embracing advancements in wind turbine technology to improve efficiency and harness stronger offshore winds.
  • Private Sector Contribution: Private companies are the driving force behind wind farm development, financing, and innovation.
  • Environmental Considerations: Careful planning and mitigation strategies are crucial to minimize environmental impacts on wildlife and habitats.
  • Economic and Social Benefits: Wind energy offers job creation, energy security, improved public health, and contributes to sustainable development.

Looking Ahead:

  • Japan’s commitment to expanding wind energy paves the way for a cleaner and more secure energy future.
  • Collaboration between government, private sector, and local communities is essential for successful and sustainable development.
  • Continued innovation and technological advancements will further unlock the potential of wind energy in Japan.

In conclusion, Japan’s wind energy landscape is one of transformation and opportunity. 

By harnessing the power of wind responsibly, Japan can achieve its clean energy goals and contribute to a more sustainable future for the planet.

https://www.exaputra.com/2024/03/japans-wind-energy-landscape.html

Renewable Energy

Dogger Bank Wake Lawsuit, EverWind Hydrogen Farm

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Weather Guard Lightning Tech

Dogger Bank Wake Lawsuit, EverWind Hydrogen Farm

Rosemary previews Pardalote’s new hands-on blade repair course. EverWind’s Ocean Lake, Canada’s largest wind project, will feed a green hydrogen and ammonia plant in Nova Scotia rather than the grid. Plus BP’s exit from an offshore project in Japan, and the wake-effect lawsuit pitting SSE, Equinor, and Vårgrønn against RWE’s Dogger Bank South.

Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us!

The Uptime Wind Energy podcast, brought to you by StrikeTape. Protecting thousands of wind turbines from lightning damage worldwide. Visit striketape.com. And now your hosts

Allen Hall 2025: Welcome to the Uptime Wind Energy podcast. I’m your host, Allen Hall. I’m here with Matthew Stead, Yolanda Padron, and Rosemary Barnes is back this week.

Rosemary, you’ve been to a number of training courses over the last couple of weeks. The first off was GWO. What was your experience at GWO training?

Rosemary1: It was the fourth or maybe even fifth time that I’ve done it. Um, I did it a few times in Denmark and then, uh, this is the second time doing it in Australia. also, this was my first time doing first aid in Australia. Last time they did GWO here, but my first aid was still valid from Europe, so I, I didn’t redo it. And it’s like so much about [00:01:00] snakes and spiders and jellyfish But a good, good rule of thumb, not 100% accurate, but good rule of thumb, if it is something from the ocean that stung you, then you put something warm on it, and if it’s something from the land that stung or bit you, then something cold on it,

Allen Hall 2025: well, how often do you usually take GWO training?

Rosemary1: You gotta do it every two years to be valid. I don’t do it every two years because, um, if you do it every two years, like within two years, then you can do the refresher course. So that’s three days instead of four However, um, because I don’t climb constantly, like often it will be six months or more in between climbs, I’ll just do it before I know that I’ve got a climb.

all the other people except for one were technicians who, you know, have been working for a while.

So they’re also doing the full course, not the refresher. So they get a little bit more practice than I do. But, um, it’s just not often enough. Y-you know, like every time I go it’s like I, I really feel the need to have the refresher, um, because I’m just not fully on top of it. ‘Cause it’s [00:02:00] not just that you need to know what to do. You need to be able to… Like if you need to use it, you’re gonna be freaking out, you know?

This is the worst thing that’s probably ever happened in your life, and now you’ve gotta remember all your training. It’s like you want it to be actually second nature to some extent. So yeah, first day is manual handling, which is v- you know, very– That one’s very easy and I would be happy to never do that again.

Like I will always remember that. Um, then you got fire, um, fire safety awareness, and that one’s just fun ’cause you just get to, um, light fires and put stuff out then first aid, which I definitely always want a refresher on.

The CPR dummies at this place, they had lights, um, and it lit up green if you were doing it right, and I haven’t used a dummy that was so advanced before, so that was quite good. I realized I wasn’t pressing hard enough. and then yeah, last two days is working at heights training, which is the most intense ’cause you got your harness on all day and, um, you know, climbing up and down and rescuing people.

this was Rite Training in Goulburn, and, um, the [00:03:00] instructor’s name was Claire. highly recommend doing that one.

Allen Hall 2025: Is that a general requirement in Australia that you have GWO before you can climb?

Rosemary1: Like, yeah, they will sometimes, um, let you climb if you are babysat by people. I would not recommend other engineers, like if you’ve never climbed a wind turbine before, like I would really not recommend that you just go up with a team and haven’t done the training because you do need to be able to use a ladder safely and, um, you can, y- you can easily, like even inside the nacelle, you could easily hurt yourself really badly if you’re used to working in an office, uh, you’re upping your danger level by, you know, like many, many, many times by going up a turbine and it’s just something that you gotta take seriously.

Allen Hall 2025: How busy are the courses in Australia? Are a lot of technicians trying to get in and get trained?

Rosemary1: No, it’s people that have a job that are getting trained. But there were heaps of techs in this course. There were maybe eight or so, which is also part of the reason why it took a really long time.

Allen Hall 2025: So [00:04:00] this week, as we record, y- you’re presenting a blade repair course for engineers and technicians. a completely new area that you’re, uh, going into in terms of offering advice and expertise that it’s really hard to find on the planet. It’s probably a, a, a busy or, or requested course, I would imagine, in Australia, where you just don’t have access to a lot of the manufacturers.

Rosemary2: it’s a, it’s a course for just for engineers or technical type people, um, but including hands-on stuff. So the way that I I forced this to come into being was just the last five years. I, um, you know, I started working a lot on wind turbine blade repairs and, um, people would ask me, you know, “Have these repairs been done right?”

And the thing is that the only repairs that I had anything to do with when I was working at LM were weirdo ones, right? [00:05:00] Where the normal, like a technician couldn’t, couldn’t handle it. It was outside of, um, yeah, their, their standard, uh, kind of repairs that they can do for whatever reason. and now in the work that we do at Part Load, it’s primarily normal repairs, and I just didn’t know exactly what technicians know. You know, how do they, how do they know whether they can repair it or not? What do they know before they go up there?

When are they calling the engineer? Um, all that sort of stuff, like the normal stuff. eventually it became less about me learning, ’cause like I said, I kind of picked up most of it. Um, but now I’ve got staff that I’m training up to be, uh, you know, composites engineers and to work with these kinds of issues. There’s a lot of repetitive tasks involved in what we do when we, like, assess the condition of a wind farm.

A lot of what we do is look main- manually looking through photos and thing- if things are classified right or not. I [00:06:00] Found this guy from Direct Wind Services, Jurij Eska. He’s a blade engineer. He’s worked in Europe and then come back to Australia, so a little bit like me. And, um, I just worked with him on a few projects and I’m like, “Oh, okay. Well, this guy, uh, he really gets it.” And I asked him, “How do you, how do you train your technicians?

What course do they do? Maybe I can do that course.” And he said, “Oh, we train them ourselves.” And so then I asked him to put this course together. So where we started off the course yesterday, that was, um, uh, an indoor session where I was talking through how are blades designed, uh, certified, tested, manufactured, um, what kinds of manufacturing defects can you see and what do they do about them in the factory?

‘Cause you know that they’re doing a lot of repairs in the factory already before you ever see a, a brand new blade. and then the next three days we’re going to be working on, um, yeah, grinding and [00:07:00] infusions and a bit of a, a bit of theory about, um, composite repairs.

Allen Hall 2025: What do you feel like are those key skill sets that engineers should know how to do, maybe not as well as a, a professional technician that does it a lot, but at least at a beginner’s level should be able to complete them before they start repairing blades on their own and giving advice about how to repair blades?

What, what are those key items?

Rosemary2: part of it is that I want them to be able to understand what is a bad damage and what’s not a bad damage cause you look a lot at images from the outside, but it’s really about what’s on the inside and how deep it goes is the real thing.

So, um, it’ll be about learning, you know, developing some judgment about, um, how bad it can be and how bad it can look on the outside. We’re not gonna be looking at so many real damages ’cause like obviously we’re just dealing with pieces that are in the, um, in the, uh, workshop and Yuri has [00:08:00] made some samples for us, um, purposely made them badly so that we’ve got some, you know, damage to find.

Allen Hall 2025: Are you addressing carbon fiber at all?

Rosemary2: Uh, I actually haven’t asked about that. I don’t think so. Carbon fiber is, um, is a real pain to work with because it’s conductive. Like, even grinding it makes a bit of a hazardous work environment. We did talk a little bit about the different materials yesterday and, um, about pultrusions. And actually, it turns out Yuri used to work somewhere where they, uh, manufactured pultrusions, and I had always, I was always under the impression that a pultrusion is, you know, like, perfectly s- perfectly straight.

That’s the point. And he’s like, “No way.” No way. There’s waviness in the pultrusions

Allen Hall 2025: And on March 3rd through 5th at WOMA 2027, Rosie, you’re gonna give part of this course as part of WOMA, right?

Rosemary2: Little, little mini course. We’ll have to decide what, what makes sense to include, ’cause it was… Yeah, I went through really a, a fair [00:09:00]bit about blades yesterday, you know, like why they are shaped the way that they are. So we had to talk about aerodynamics and, um, why they’re made of composite. So we had to talk about, you know, like composite materials, like how, how they, how they work So I don’t know if, uh, people wanna write in comments that m- we should, we should do some sort of, um, poll beforehand to see what are the topics that are most interesting to people, ’cause I think we’ll have a half day, right? So we’ll need to be, we’ll need to be focused.

Allen Hall 2025: the description of repairs and what repairs should look like could be tremendously valuable. Everybody who has seen a repair always wonders, “Was that repair done right?” And s- and if you can have some general tools to know, like, “Uh, maybe there’s something not quite right here,” or, “That looks like a solid repair,” that would be a tremendous help to the industry, p- particularly for asset managers

Rosemary2: Yeah. And you know what I think is even more useful than being able to pick out when it’s wrong is to be able to know when it’s right. You can– Y-you know, like it is so– [00:10:00] It’s such a relief. Like it takes such a mental load off you when you’re just like, “Yeah, that’s all, that’s all good. That’s normal. Okay, I know that that– I knew that that would happen, so this is not a surprise.”

‘ know, once you know you can make that judgment, you can do it very quickly and focus your attention where it should be, so you don’t need to stress for an hour over every repair. You’re just like, “Yeah. Good, good, good, good, good.” And then, “Mm, please explain why you have chosen to not, not repair this, but just put a Band-Aid over it.”

that’s the goal of this training is to get everybody, y-you know, technical people, not people who wanna ever be a blade repair technician. They’ve got their own training that covers what they need to know. But this one is just, yeah, getting people like asset managers or my employees to learn what they need to know about composites, given that they have already got a strong engineering education.

So, um, you know, they know a lot of the stuff, but just need to know the composite-specific stuff and wind turbine blade-specific stuff

I will run this course again, by the [00:11:00] way, ’cause there was a lot of people who wanted to do it I couldn’t fit in. So it’ll happen at least once. I’ll keep on running it until everybody that wants to do it has, has done it. But, um, yeah, feel free

to get in touch

Allen Hall 2025: So if you wanna attend Rosie’s short blade course at WOMA 2027, just visit woma2027.com and register today

Allen Hall 2025: [00:12:00] Well, over in Canada, they just approved a, really a wind farm big enough to power a small city, and almost none of the electricity is going to the grid, which is a very interesting aspect to some of the things that are happening in Canada at the minute.

So up in Nova Scotia, uh, they’ve conditionally approved the Ocean Lake Wind Project. This’d be the largest wind farm in the province’s history. Up to 158 turbines will rise, uh, generating as much as 1.2 gigawatts of power. But this power is not headed to households in Canada. Nearly all of it will be feeding Everwind Fuels’ green hydrogen and ammonia plant at Point Tupper, where clean electrons will become a fuel that can be shipped across the ocean to Europe. And Matthew, there’s been a lot of [00:13:00] projects like this in Europe that have stopped more recently, particularly in northern Europe and up in Scandinavia, uh, on the hydrogen side. Or at least they’ve slowed them down. Canada seems to be going into that breach maybe to fill that void. And is there a marketplace for this to occur up in Canada?

Matthew Stead: Yeah, I think it’s very interesting. Um, you know, like you say, a number of canceled projects, and in Australia there’s been numerous canceled projects. So I like, um, the analogy or use of the term hopium rather than hydrogen, um, where, um, everyone’s hoping hydrogen will be the answer. Um, although, you know, what I, what I’ve read and understood is that, um, you know, the commercials just don’t really stack up and, um, yeah. So in terms of South Australia anyway, um, there was some major, um, hydrogen, uh, development planned with, um, you know, it, it never stacked up. So, you know, it sounds like a great [00:14:00] idea, um, but I’m not sure that the commercials will ever stack up unless you’ve got that guaranteed offtake for the, for the ammonium

Allen Hall 2025: Yolanda, what kind of uphill battle is this to get this wind farm up and running knowing that it’s one customer and that commercial market is a little shaky at the minute?

Yolanda Padron: what we saw, they have a lot of ca- caveats, right? So they’ve, they need to secure the customers before they start building and before they do anything, um, behind the meter. But it’s, I mean, it’s, it’s a pretty big wind farm, and it’s pretty far up north. But I mean, we, we talked to someone in, in northern US today who was having icing issues.

So I mean, of course we know Canada is no, no stranger to that, if they do make it work, I think it’d be really, really exciting to, to have sort of one technology power another, um, instead of just what we’ve been hearing a lot of the potential data centers and, and just wind po- [00:15:00] powering data centers.

Matthew Stead: Why not data centers? You know, seriously, like you said, Yolanda. why not go something that does have commercial demand?

Yolanda Padron: we’ve talked a lot about the potential of da- data centers, right? And we’ve talked a lot about people wanting to do them. Um, but there’s also a lot of talk of potentially doing data centers up in space and a lot of talk of maybe what if we do it offshore or, you know. And so I think there’s a lot of what ifs with data centers.

Of course, there’s a lot of what if with this, but just from a technology standpoint, I think this is really intriguing to have something that’s, that’s a little bit even more out there than what we’ve heard so far

Allen Hall 2025: Is it a build it and they will come type of s- situation here that hydrogen and ammonia may be the, the first offtake, but realistically, if that doesn’t work out, they can still connect to the grid and feed Canada, feed the Northeast of the United States or something else

Matthew Stead: Also, um, like Japan has [00:16:00] also expressed strong demand for, um, ammonia, and so, you know, they- they’re on the East Coast, aren’t they? So, you know, shipping it from East Coast to Japan is not gonna be so, so easy. I stick by what I said before. It’s hopium. it’s not a plan

Allen Hall 2025: I just saw an article today talking about Airbus continuing on with a hydrogen aircraft, and I think they were gonna work with a Japanese firm to work on that together. Six months ago I thought that died, but maybe it’s still in the offering. Maybe there’s an offtake for hydrogen. B- besides the, you know, replacement for some of the, uh, more unpleasant gases that are used in steel production and in some other industry things, maybe part of this is airplane fuel.

Which ammonia is one of those offerings also, right? The, there’s been a number of efforts to turn ammonia fuel into essentially jet fuel. They configure the engines to burn ammonia, which is a possibility. It does seem remote though, [00:17:00] honestly. There doesn’t seem to be a huge pull for hydrogen, and there’s not a, a major market for ammonia at at least at the moment.

So I don’t know. It, it’s… When you’re talking about gigawatts of capacity you’re gonna build, you, you hopefully have an offtake

for it

Yolanda Padron: if they designed it for it being not connected to the grid, right, it just is kind of like a behind the meter thing, and then could they later retrofit it into there? Like, how would all that permitting and everything

Allen Hall 2025: I–

well, that’s a great question. I– There are a number of, uh, connections between the United States and Canada at the moment. guess is that when they place this wind farm, they have that alternate route lined up, just like any wind farm in here in the States, that you’ll find them real close to high-voltage transmission lines.

Generally, those are the easy ones because transmission lines cost money and take time for permitting. I’m not sure Canada has those kind of restrictions, right? But Nova Scotia is not the easiest place in the world to do heavy construction work, just the [00:18:00] nature of Nova Scotia. It will be fascinating to see how they progress with this, but it’s something to keep an eye on because a lot of other projects like this have slowed down

Matthew Stead: Do you remember when some of the OEMs were talking about, um, putting electrolyzers on their offshore wind turbines? So the, the theory, the theory was you’ve got offshore wind turbine, you don’t connect it to the grid standalone, um, and you generate hydrogen or, uh, possibly ammonia on the actual wind turbine.

And then every now and then you just decant it, you know, drive up with a boat, you know, plug in the hose, and then suck out the hydrogen or ammonia. So, um, yeah, once again, all of those have gone quiet, haven’t

they?

Allen Hall 2025: speaking of Japan, a global oil giant is walking away from the Japanese offshore wind project, uh, but the project’s not dying. BP has told its Japanese partners it intends to withdraw from a wind farm planned off Yamagata Prefecture, uh, apparently worried about [00:19:00] profitability. The 450-megawatt project sits, uh, just off the coast, and it is led by trading house Marubeni, which says it will press ahead without BP.

Kansai Electric and Tokyo Gas remain on board also. So BP’s exit follows really a, a brutal year for Japan, where Mitsubishi has, and some others, have pulled out of, uh, at least three projects so far, uh, over rising construction costs, and I think a lot of that’s tied to inflation. Uh, the ambition’s still there for, uh, for a number of companies, but it’s just getting harder and harder to do projects in Japan.

Is this just the nature of the economy in Japan at the moment, or is this more about Japanese policy on the offtake,

Matthew Stead: I, I’m not really deep into the details but, you know, it just appears to me like a blip. I mean, there, I think there’s a lot of commitment in Japan to, you know, carry [00:20:00] out their offshore developments and I, I think this is probably more just a blip, um, and a little, you know, internal corporate, you know, argument rather than a sustained issue on offtake agreements and so forth

Allen Hall 2025: Well, Yolanda, how hard is it to keep partners on a wind development in general? Are there a lot of moving pieces there until the turbines hit the water or hit the

earth?

there’s

Yolanda Padron: I think a lot of moving pieces, but not, uh, I haven’t seen a lot of changes once it’s been publicly announced and everything’s, you know, everything’s been signed and everything. Um, I do think this is really interesting. I know we’ve talked a lot about, about having, about the idea of like sometimes people think wind’s really expensive, and the way that we’re gonna make wind work is just making it cheaper for everybody and just optimizing it as much as possible, um, and, and just being, having the turbines be as resilient as possible, right?

And I think such a strong player just backing out maybe [00:21:00] will incentivize some of the people in Japan to sort of try to see how they can optimize it a little bit more. I’m really excited to see it. I don’t know. It’d be… I think it’d be a nice it

Allen Hall 2025: Isn’t the bonus to offshore wind the price stability? Although the price may be higher today than you may be happy to pay, the stability of that price is a huge leverage point when you compare it to things like oil and gas or natural gas, um, in particular, which are highly volatile, that for electricity, at least you have this fairly steady source at a fixed price that you can plan out 10 years, 20 years, 25 years, maybe even 30 years. And as batteries become more prevalent on the grid, that the math even gets better over the years. Isn’t that the bonus? And, and if [00:22:00] everybody can focus on the long-term effects to the economy is where all the action will be?

Matthew Stead: Yeah, I mean, when I first, um, started looking into wind, you know, 10 plus years ago, I, I won- wondered why. Why would you build offshore with all that expense? And then, you know, it became clear to me just around the, um, you know, the diversity, you know, the, the fact that you might get more wind at times that you don’t get onshore wind, and the fact that it’s more consistent.

Um, yeah, and, you know, so those… I- it’s really a trade-off, isn’t it? Between the capital costs and the, um, more reliable, more consistent, um, offshore wind. So I think, you know, I, I was convinced at the start, I thought it was crazy, but then obviously it’s, it’s a, it’s a… it makes sense

Yolanda Padron: Yeah, I agree. And I think, uh, depending on where you’re having your offshore wind farm, you run into things that you maybe haven’t run into before, right? I know onshore we run into a lot of things in the [00:23:00]US and Australia that we, you know, the, the turbines just maybe weren’t designed for, or there wasn’t a lot of research being done because it was being done in Europe and, and the conditions are really different.

Um, and just the same way, you know, the sea is different in different places. There’s different depths. There are diff- different things that you need to worry about. but yeah, I, I completely agree that there’s a lot more generation, um, offshore. It’s, it’s bigger turbines. Um, there can be bigger, larger costs. You know, if you need to do a blade replacement or something, it, it can get, again, really expensive really quickly. But, but it’s, it’s a trade-off for sure.

Allen Hall 2025: We’re gonna take a quick break, but when we come back, we wanna talk about a place where wind is being fought over versus projects slowing down ​

[00:24:00] over in the UK, there’s a big fight about offshore wind, and not just about where wind turbines will be planted, but more about how they will affect other wind turbines.

So RWE is defending the UK government’s approval of its three-gigawatt Dogger Bank South project, which won its consent order, uh, basically a month and a half ago. Uh, but the developers next door are taking that approval to court. Equinor, SSE, Vårgrön own the neighboring 3.6-gigawatt Dogger Bank wind farm, and they have filed for j-judicial review.

Their argument is technical, but the price tag is not. They say wake effects, where one wind farm steals the wind from another due to turbulence, could cut their output and cost them between €500 million and [00:25:00] €669 million over the life of their project. That’s a lot of money, Matthew. A half a million euros is not something to ignore.

It looks like this is headed to some judicial court or maybe arbitration. Wake effects, which are actually not that well understood from what I can tell at the moment, there’s a lot of discussion and argument about, uh, how real are they or, or what effect they can have on power output. Uh, there’s a lot of money at stake, and the location of some of these wind farms is pretty close to one

another

Matthew Stead: you know, we always, always talk about, you know, AEP loss and, you know, the, the challenge is actually measuring it. And, um, you know, I’ve heard different numbers, but, you know, plus or minus half a percent of AEP loss, um, appears to me from what– in discussions, you know, the, the limit of what you can actually ever measure on a good day.

Um, I just wonder, I mean, while those numbers, you know, €500, um, [00:26:00] million is a, is a big number, um, but what is that as a percentage of the overall output of that, of that facility? Um, I, I don’t know the answer, but, you know, if, if it’s, you know, half a percent, I think you’d be struggling to, um, struggling to justify that, that wake effect loss.

I mean, you know, going back to what you said, Allen, you know, there are wake effects of some sort, but it’s a question of how much. I mean, that-that’s why aircraft don’t take off, um, too closely, isn’t it? Because there’s wake effects. Um, so it’s definitely a given, definitely a given. Um, but, you know, how much of an impact it truly is.

Um, and I mean, there’s always other variables, you know, variables in the weather, you know, wind patterns, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, and how much do this– does this actually compare to those other, other variables?

Allen Hall 2025: Yolanda, how would you even mitigate wake turbulence on an adjacent wind farm? Are there ways to do that today?

Yolanda Padron: I think the, the aerodynamics, Allen, would [00:27:00] be a lot more in your court than, than in mine.

Matthew does have a really good point. I mean, what are we… With the UK wanting to ramp up offshore as much as they want to ramp up, right? They’re not going to just cancel a large project, and they need to… I mean, it’s not, uh, there’s a finite amount of space, right? So what, I mean, what, what are you, what are you gonna do?

It’s like, it’s what, like, what happens in onshore where you, you really hope maybe that you don’t get a wind farm that’s really, really close by. Um, but you might also want to plan for it. I mean, I know of sites that have le- that lease a little bit of extra land so that way no one else can lease it, or that they can, they can use that to, to travel between turbines.

Um, and it’s, I mean, it’s, it’s kind of… Isn’t it kind of just part of it, part of the trade?

Allen Hall 2025: it has to be, right, at some point. [00:28:00] The question in my mind about all this is how much wake is there? Is it directly impacting the adjacent wind farm? Is there– are there things that can be done to minimize that wake turbulence? I think the answer is yes, but as wind turbine blade designers, I haven’t seen the same level of wake reduction that we have seen more recently in aerospace.

It’s complicated to do some of these things on a wind turbine blade. You’re mass-producing. You’re making a blade a day or a blade in a day-and-a-half timeframe. Are you gonna design this really aerodynamic tip to go on to reduce the wake on a particular wind farm? Probably not, right? So it’s, it’s– is it worth doing that versus the, the cost it would be?

So it’s gonna cost 500 million euros in loss to an adjacent wind farm. Do you put that 500 million into the design effort and the molds and [00:29:00]everything else to make these blades different? Uh, it’s a tight trade-off, right? It– from the engineering side. It may be better settled in the courts, honestly. Just it may be cheaper to do it that way.

Matthew Stead: Uh, I, I was gonna go down a different avenue. I mean, obviously there’s always curtailment. There’s always curtailment due to grid congestion, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, maintenance. I mean, if they, if they just– when wind is coming from a certain direction, they could just de-rate and, uh, just not absorb as much energy, um, out of the wind when the wind is coming from that sector.

And so that would be a way of, um, not modifying the turbine, just de-rating it under a certain wind condition. I mean, the same thing occurs with noise curtailment all the time. Um, so there’s, there’s noise modes. There could be a, a wake loss mode. We should trademark that

Allen Hall 2025: Well, you know who’s gonna make money out of this no matter what? The

lawyers.

Allen Hall 2025: [00:30:00] Well, in this quarter’s PES Wind magazine, there are a number of great articles, and you can download the entire magazine and all those great articles at peswind.com. There’s a nice little article from Enerpac Tool Group, and if you’re not familiar with them, they make a, a number of tools that are handy in the wind industry.

Uh, and, you know, routine torque checks is kind of a pain, right? And the problem with a lot of those checks is that you have to haul around a heavy hydraulic pump to do it. And so if you’ve ever been to a trade show and seen some of these [00:31:00] pumps, it is a pain. And if you h- have to move around, especially on a w- wind site a lot, you really don’t wanna have a heavy pump that maybe is made for something, uh, more robust.

Uh, and you need something that’s portable. That’s what you really need, right? So the Enerpac Tool Group has really created this, uh, LU series they call. Which is a lightweight, portable, hydraulic pump, which is for intermittent work, which is what happens on most wind sites. It’s intermittent. Uh, so the product line director, Angie Wallace, uh, talks about this and says technician feedback has shaped this new tool, uh, from multiple carrying handles and an upward-facing gauge.

And that is a big thumbs up from me. When you put the gauge on the side of the tool where you can’t see it, such a problem. It’s like they’ve never used it. Well, obviously, the Enerpac has been talking to technicians, and they put the gauge where the technician can actually see it. Uh, and it’s designed to go through towers and, and tight [00:32:00] spaces.

Uh, so this is made specifically for offshore conditions. It’s ruggedized, and it’s a great tool. And a lot of times, Matthew, when you s- see the technicians about and some of the tools they carry, you’re like, man, that is not a good tool for this. That is, that is too much to be hauling around, particularly uptower.

It’s nice that we can see some tools that are designed job

Matthew Stead: I, I’m completely convinced. I, I don’t have much to say. Um, I mean, my, my day job is, um, you know, designing products and working out what products we’re going to, to work on, and, you know, the customer is the main voice you should listen to, um, at least in the first step. So always listen to the customer first, and I think from what you’ve described, customer first, and then develop the product to suit the application.

Yeah, so yeah, I’m convinced

Allen Hall 2025: Yolanda, you’ve seen Interpack on sites, haven’t you? It does seem like I run across them once in a while at some of the US

sites

Yolanda Padron: Every once [00:33:00] in a while. I do gotta say I love the idea of when, like, actual, like, boots on the ground people’s feedback is taken into consideration for, for anything really. And so this is, this just makes me really happy because I think a lot of times, like, as engineers, like, we love the idea of just, oh, I’m gonna do this really cool fancy thing, and then it’s just it- no one can use it, or a very specialized person has to be able to use it.

And so actually doing, you know, modifying a product so that it, it makes sense for the people using it, and I know we’ve, we’ve all talked about it a lot internally and, and we continue to work towards making it easier and easier on, on the people actually installing the product. Like, this is, this is really exciting.

Allen Hall 2025: So if you need a lightweight pump for tightening some bolts uptower, particularly if you’re offshore, take a look at this Enerpac line of LU lightweight series tools. It’s well worth it. And at that same time, you should check out PES Wind magazine. Just go to [00:34:00] peswind.com

That wraps up another episode of the Uptime Wind Energy podcast. If today’s discussion sparked any questions or ideas, we’d love to hear from you. Reach out directly to Rosemary, and don’t forget to subscribe so you never miss an episode. for yolonda, Matthew, and Rosemary, I’m Allen Hall, and we’ll see you here next week on the Uptime Wind Energy podcast.

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