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A new study has found per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Miami’s rainwater.

It is the most recent evidence that “forever chemicals” get caught up in the water cycle and circulate over great distances.

“PFAS are practically everywhere,” said Natalia Soares Quinete, author of the study and an assistant professor of chemistry at Florida International University (FIU), in a press release from FIU. “Now we’re able to show the role air masses play in potentially bringing these pollutants to other places where they can impact surface water and groundwater.”

PFAS, widely found in consumer products — from nonstick cookware to cosmetics, clothing, food packaging and firefighting foams — have been associated with health issues in humans and wildlife.

Researchers at FIU spent over a year collecting and analyzing 42 rainwater samples from three sites in Miami-Dade County. They detected 21 PFAS, including PFOS and PFOA — which has since been phased out due to cancer concerns — along with newer forever chemical compounds used in manufacturing.

Several of the PFAS profiles were able to be matched with local sources, while others were not. The researchers said this suggested the planet’s atmosphere is able to transport the toxic chemicals all over, contributing to global pollution.

PFAS are called “forever chemicals” because of their inability to break down easily in the environment, where they accumulate over time. Humans can inhale or ingest them, and exposure to them has been associated with kidney and liver damage, cancer, fertility issues and other serious health problems.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), exposure to low levels of PFAS can be hazardous. The EPA has set limits on some PFAS chemicals in drinking water supplies.

It remains unclear just how PFAS make their way through the environment.

Quinete’s research team is one of the first to extensively survey PFAS prevalence across South Florida.

The team found PFAS concentrations in surface water, including Biscayne Bay, and drinking water. They also detected the toxins in animals who live there, including oysters, lobsters and fish.

Next, they looked to rainwater.

PFAS are able to infiltrate the atmosphere through evaporation or becoming absorbed into microscopic dust and particles. Shifting air currents and wind then buffet them along. When rain forms, its drops fall to the ground, bringing some of the pollutants with them. This cycle happens again and again.

In 74 percent of samples taken from October of 2021 to November of 2022, the most abundant and frequently found PFAS in Miami’s rainwater were PFCAs. PFCAs are commonly used in stain-resistant and nonstick products, firefighting foams and food packaging. High levels of the toxic compounds had previously been detected in nearby surface waters, which indicated that they had come from local sources.

The researchers noticed something else: A shift happened at particular times of year. During the dry season — from October through May — PFAS concentrations suddenly soared, including some normally found in other states such as North Carolina, where facilities that produced goods made with the chemicals were located. This coincided with air masses from the Northeast moving into Miami.

“The season variations were interesting to us,” said Maria Guerra de Navarro, a graduate student who co-led the study, in the press release. “We know there are northern states with manufacturing that matches back to the PFAS we saw, so it’s likely that’s where they are coming from.”

The research team suspected that drier northern currents created ideal conditions for more PFAS-laden particles and dust to be spread. Rain then “washing out” the pollutants from the surrounding air could be responsible for the higher concentrations.

A Florida International University research buoy floats in Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida on Aug. 3, 2023. Joe Raedle / Getty Images

Guerra de Navarro is currently looking at this “dry deposition” and measuring the amount of PFAS that can be put into particles of less than 10 microns in size. A micron is seven times smaller than a strand of human hair.

The team hopes the study’s data will be able to help guide future regulations and solutions for reducing and controlling dangerous PFAS.

“This is all about creating awareness that this is all one world,” Guerra de Navarro said. “[What] happens in one area can impact here, there, everywhere. We have to be thinking about how to prevent these chemicals from going all over the world.”

The study, “It’s raining PFAS in South Florida: Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wet atmospheric deposition from Miami-Dade, South Florida,” was published in the journal Atmospheric Pollution Research.

The post It’s Raining PFAS ‘Forever Chemicals’ in Miami, Study Finds appeared first on EcoWatch.

https://www.ecowatch.com/pfas-rainwater-miami-forever-chemicals.html

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Earth911 Inspiration: Life Is An Endless Equation

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As humanity grows in its understanding of the complexity of living systems, we will encounter many opportunities to restore nature. Taoist author Deng Ming-Dao wrote in his daily meditations, 365 Tao, that “Life is one endless equation of darkness, brilliance, fragrance, color, sound, and sensation.”

Imagine the joys of nature, live them fiercely and gently in your daily life, and the world can grow anew.

Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.

The post Earth911 Inspiration: Life Is An Endless Equation appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/inspire/earth911-inspiration-life-is-an-endless-equation/

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Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness

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Would you like to read a transcript of this episode? Introducing Sustainability In Your Ear transcripts: Learn more.

What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, we explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.

Author Topher McDougal discusses his new book, Gaia Wakes, on this episode of Sustainability in Your Ear.

Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, he repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. Consequently, becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.

What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.

Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, McDougal repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. McDougal’s concept of becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.

Gaia Wakes poses challenging questions about whether we’re building toward a benign planetary intelligence or heading toward dystopian risks. McDougal doesn’t offer easy answers, but he provides a framework for thinking about how technological trends—from AI and smart infrastructure to global information networks—might be assembling the components of a planetary brain. The book is part speculative theory, part analytical deep dive. It challenges readers to think beyond traditional boundaries between nature and technology, individual and collective intelligence, human agency and planetary systems. You can learn more about Topher McDougal and his work at https://tophermcdougal.com/. Gaia Wakes is available on Amazon, Powell’s Books, and at local bookstores.

Editor’s Note: This episode originally aired on August 25, 2025.

The post Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/podcast/sustainability-in-your-ear-author-topher-mcdougal-asks-if-earth-is-evolving-a-planetary-consciousness/

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Oops, We Did It Again: 2025 Second Hottest Year On Record

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Yes, we resorted to a Britney Spears reference, but this isn’t cute anymore. The World Meteorological Organization confirmed that 2025 was the second-hottest year on record, with average global temperatures reaching 1.47°C above pre-industrial levels. Only 2024’s record-breaking heat was worse.

The past 11 years are now the warmest 11 years in the 176-year history of temperature records.

What is especially concerning about 2025 is that it occurred during La Niña, a natural Pacific cooling pattern that usually brings lower temperatures. This time, it did not help. Climate scientist James Hansen reportsthat global warming is now speeding up by 0.31°C per decade, and he predicts we will pass the +1.7°C mark by 2027.

For the first time, the average temperature from 2023 to 2025 was higher than the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement. Scientists say this threshold is crucial to prevent severe and lasting climate impacts for people alive today. In 2024, atmospheric CO₂ reached 423.9 parts per million, which is 53% higher than pre-industrial levels.

Atmospheric CO2 levels from 1960 through 2025. Source: NOAA

Meanwhile, the cascade of extreme weather continues: heat waves are now 10 times more likely than a decade ago, Arctic sea ice hit its lowest winter maximum on record, wildfires are devastating Greece and Turkey, and typhoons are forcing mass evacuations across Southeast Asia.

“Each year above 1.5 degrees will hammer economies, deepen inequalities and inflict irreversible damage,” said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo.

The measurements are undeniable. The data cannot be denied. Still, the United States government under the Trump administration is suppressing climate information and reversing clean energy policies to support coal, oil, and gas. COP30 ended without a clear promise to phase out fossil fuels.

As the planet cooks in industrial era pollution, playing politics with climate science is beyond irresponsible. It’s dangerous.

The post Oops, We Did It Again: 2025 Second Hottest Year On Record appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/earth-watch/oops-we-did-it-again-2025-second-hottest-year-on-record/

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