Meat alternatives are greener than meat, right? Well, let’s look at the data. To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://www.brilliant.org/simonclark.
ERRATUM: At 8:58 we show tempeh (spelled as tempei) as having a carbon intensity of 0.5kg CO2e / gram of protein. This is incorrect, it should be 2.5kg CO2e / gram of protein.
We often hear that meat alternatives are better for the environment. To test that, I look at the carbon footprint, land use, and other environmental metrics of the major meat substitutes and compared them to beef, chicken, pork, and mutton. The result may surprise you!
Thanks to Dr Ritchie for coming on the channel! Check out her work here: https://hannahritchie.com/
You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys
NUMBERED REFERENCES can be found on my website: www.simonoxfphys.com/blog/2024/4/23/references-for-how-great-is-fake-meat-really
———- II ———-
More about me https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
Threads – https://www.threads.net/@simonoxfphys
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark
———- II ———-
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Editor: Luke Negus.
Research assistant: Pierre Constantin Emmanuel Canet.
How green are meat substitutes? Is fake meat actually good for the environment? Do tofu, beyond meat burgers, quorn, and soy protein have lower carbon emissions than chicken, beef, and pork? In this video I look through the literature and talk to a world expert on the intersection between food and climate.
Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:
Norm Zemke, Whitefang, David Mann, Jilbin George, Ben Thayer, Eric A Gentzler, Glen Monks, Daniel Chen, Gary Stark, Cifer, dryfrog, Marcus Bosshard, bitreign33.
Bastian Pranzas, Lucas Johnston, Jeffry ., Marius Kießling, Jon Arlov, Pawel Piwek, Matze, Artem Plotnikov, Paul H and Linda L, Dan Sherman, Peter Reid, Andy Hartley.
Steamrollerman , Andy Parr, Ricky Jones, Guy Markey, Nicholas Hamdorf, Katharina Hartmuth, Mark Phillips, Jor Eero Raico Svederic, KJ Xiao, Martin Sinclair, Matt Beer DFC, Tschäff Reisberg, Faficzek, Tobias Ahsbahs, Stansky, James Gaskell, Denis Kovachev, Michael Thomas, Victor Gordan, Josh Müller, Joona Mäkinen, Tanner , Dominik Rihak, Nico Casal, Laura Glismann, Mark Harper, Ryan, Inten, John, James Haigh, Rick Kenny, Bailey Cook, Sergio Diaz, Command Chat, Aisolon, Christopher Mullin, I’m stuck in a PhD and I blame Simon., Philip Sullivan, Joseph , Nicklas Kulp, Thomas Newman, Anže Cesar, Josef Probst, Kevin B, Phineas, Ishaan Shah, AngryPanda, Circuitrinos, Mark Richardson, Brian Moss, Hampus Sandell, Thomas Miller, Knut Nesheim, Issy Merritt, Dajeni, AYS , Adam Fairris, Kim Parnset, Crisan Talpes, Ted CLAY, Mike, Seb Stott, Duncan Robertson, xawt, Diederik Jekel, Fuzzy Leapfrog, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Samat Galimov, Ashley Hauck, Nico, Thibault , GGH, FireFerretDann, Ciotka Cierpienia, Sam, szigyi, Marcin Wrochna, Alexander Johnston, Tom Painter, Phil Saici, Tom Marsh, Ashley Steel, Simone, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Steffan , Oriol MP, Adam Gillard, Christopher Hall, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Sylvus , Florian Thie, James Gurney, Eddy Torres, Clemens, Andy Giesen, Vernon Swanepoel, Jacob Speelman, Robin Anne McDuff, Jean-Marc Giffin, Felix Winkler, Quinn Sinclair, Ebraheem Farag, Ivari Tölp, Thomas Charbonnel, Sekhalis, Mark Moore, Philipp Legner, Zoey O’Neill, Justin Warren, Heijde, Trevor Berninger, streetlights, Gabriele Siino, David Mccann, Leonard Neamtu, James Leadbetter, Rapssack, ST0RMW1NG, Matthew Powell, Adrian Sand, Haris Karimjee, Alex, The Cairene on Caffeine, Cody VanZandt, Casandra “Kalamity Kas” Toledo, Igor Francetic, Daniel Irwin, Sean Richards, Michael B., Rafaela Corrêa Pereira, Colin J. Brown, Thusto , Lachlan Woods, Dan Hanvey, Andrea De Mezzo, Real Engineering.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5GmDRW975g
Did the age of sail really end? Or did it just take on a new form, with modern technology?
For more information about wind assisted propulsion, check out IWSA: https://www.wind-ship.org/
You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys
This film has been supported by the Meliore Foundation. Responsibility for the information and views set out in this film lies with the author. The Meliore Foundation cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained or expressed therein.
The Meliore Foundation had no editorial control over this video, but facilitated the interviews within it.
REFERENCES
1. https://seas-at-risk.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/A-global-Fleet-Under-Wind_Seas_At_Risk-1.pdf
2. https://www.iata.org/contentassets/252e4a52294e4d86928fb5fd8a1ffd5c/netzero-progressreport2024.pdf
3. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/press/pressinformation/germany-on-track-for-2030-climate-targets
4. https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/what-fuel-will-ships-burn-as-they-move-toward-net-zero/
5. https://airseas.com/en/seawing-system/
6. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/117
7. https://www.bartechnologies.uk/commercial-ships/windwings/
8. https://www.cargill.com/2023/cargill-bar-technologies-wind-technology-sets-sail
9. https://www.marineinsight.com/shipping-news/norsepower-receives-order-for-installation-of-the-worlds-first-tiltable-rotor-sail/
10. https://earth.org/disappointment-and-determination-as-us-blocks-decision-on-shipping-carbon-price/
11. https://www.wind-ship.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/MEPC-81-INF.39-White-paper-on-wind-propulsion-Comoros-France-Solomon-IWSA.pdf
———- II ———-
More about me – https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
My book – https://geni.us/firmament
Bluesky – https://bsky.app/profile/simonoxfphys.com
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark
———- II ———-
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Edited by Luke Negus.
Research by Marina Hui.
All models were printed using recycled filament and will be recycled when no longer used.
Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:
bitreign33 , Dave Teare, Eric A Gentzler, Gary Stark, Glen Monks, Marcus Bosshard.
Artem Plotnikov, Ben Curtis, David TLR, Jeffry ., Jon Arlov, Marius Kießling, Paul H and Linda L, Peter Reid, TheKeeperOfPie, Tom Oldfield.
Adam Gillard, Adam Pazderka, Adrian Sand, Alex, Alex Hall, Andrea De Mezzo, Andy Hartley, Andy Parr, Anže Cesar, Ashley Hauck, Ashley Steel, AYS , Baerbel Winkler, Bastian Pranzas, Bill Keydel, Brian Moss, Chris Laslett, Christian Weckner, Christopher Hall, Cifer, Ciotka Cierpienia, Circuitrinos, Claudia Kapp, Clemens, Cody VanZandt, Crisan Talpes, Dan Hanvey, Daniel Andersson, Daniel Cooney, David Mccann, David Stone, Denis Kovachev, Diederik Jekel, Dom, Dominik Rihak, Duffman, FireFerretDann, flakykilowatt, Florian Thie, Gabriele Siino, Hannarrrr, Haris Karimjee, Heijde, Ian Hamilton, idris, Ishaan Shah, j, Jack Fretwell, Jacob Speelman, James Gaskell, James Gurney, James Haigh, James Leadbetter, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Jean-Manuel Izaret, Joachim Murat, John, Josef Probst, Katharina Hartmuth, Kevin B, Kirsten Athome, KJ Xiao, Knut Nesheim, Korbinian, Kristopher Sicari, Lach Woods, Leonard Neamtu, Marcin Wrochna, Mark Harper, Mark Moore, Mark Richardson, Matthew H, Mercure, Micael Batista, Michael Belde, Michelle Valentino, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Mike, Mikkel Kragh, Morten Engsvang, Nathan Rohrlach, Nick Humphries, Nico Kempe, OldGreyWolf, Peter Lee, Phil Saici, Philipp Legner, Rapssack, Real Engineering, Reid, Richard Bartlett, Richard Swain, Ryan, Sean Richards, Seb Stott, Sergio Alvarez, Sergio Diaz, Simone, Steffan , Sylvus , szigyi, Tanner , Ted CLAY, Thibault , Thomas Charbonnel, Thomas Newman, Thusto , Tobias Ahsbahs, Tom Painter, Tom Wilson, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Tony, Tschäff Reisberg, Ui, Victor Gordan, Yorick Droz, Youri Hubaut, Zoey O’Neill.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xit31j1l3Q0
Want to restore the planet’s ecosystems and see your impact in monthly videos? The first 100 people to join Planet Wild with my code SIMON5 will get the first month paid for by me: https://planetwild.com/r/simonclark/join/5
If you want to get to know them better first, check out their mission using tech to build a forest: https://planetwild.com/r/simonclark/m39/5
London has long been synonymous with dirty air, but in the past decade an extremely impactful public health policy has changed that. Though it hasn’t been smooth sailing for the ULEZ…
You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys
REFERENCES
1. https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1975.tb05276.x
2. https://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/clearing-the-air-in-the-big-smoke-a-complex-challenge-with-a-long-history/
3. Freese, Barbara. Coal: A Human History. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2003.
4. https://www.rmets.org/metmatters/65-years-great-smog
5. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7961914-it-was-by-this-time-about-nine-in-the-morning
6. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/4-5/52/enacted
7. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/air-quality-statistics/concentrations-of-particulate-matter-pm10-and-pm25
8. https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2
9. https://www.london.gov.uk/programmes-strategies/environment-and-climate-change/environment-and-climate-change-publications/air-quality-london-2016-2024
10. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-pollution-applying-all-our-health/air-pollution-applying-all-our-health
11. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-55330945
12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749118321687
13. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-pollution-in-the-uk-2024/air-pollution-in-the-uk-2024-compliance-assessment-summary
14. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgq9nnj274xo
15. https://www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/londons-low-emission-zones-save-lives-and-money-new-study-finds/
16. https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2023/09/03/the-blade-runners/
17. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce39l04d88qo
18. https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/1781919/sadiq-khan-ulez-reform-uk-london-mayor-election-comment
19. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642500240X
20. https://www.c40.org/
———- II ———-
More about me – https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
My book – https://geni.us/firmament
Bluesky – https://bsky.app/profile/simonoxfphys.com
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark
———- II ———-
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Edited by Luke Negus.
Research by Amelia Jabry.
Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:
bitreign33 , Dave Teare, Eric A Gentzler, Gary Stark, Glen Monks, Marcus Bosshard.
Artem Plotnikov, Ben Curtis, David TLR, Jeffry ., Jon Arlov, Marius Kießling, Paul H and Linda L, Peter Reid, TheKeeperOfPie, Tom Oldfield.
Adam Gillard, Adam Pazderka, Adrian Sand, Alex, Alex Hall, Andrea De Mezzo, Andy Hartley, Andy Parr, Anže Cesar, Ashley Hauck, Ashley Steel, AYS , Baerbel Winkler, Bastian Pranzas, Bill Keydel, Brian Moss, Chris Laslett, Christian Weckner, Christopher Hall, Cifer, Ciotka Cierpienia, Circuitrinos, Claudia Kapp, Clemens, Cody VanZandt, Crisan Talpes, Dan Hanvey, Daniel Andersson, Daniel Cooney, David Mccann, David Stone, Denis Kovachev, Diederik Jekel, Dom, Dominik Rihak, Duffman, FireFerretDann, flakykilowatt, Florian Thie, Gabriele Siino, Hannarrrr, Haris Karimjee, Heijde, Ian Hamilton, idris, Igor Francetic, Ishaan Shah, j, Jack Fretwell, Jacob Speelman, James Gaskell, James Gurney, James Haigh, James Leadbetter, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Jean-Manuel Izaret, Joachim Murat, John, Josef Probst, Katharina Hartmuth, Kevin B, Kirsten Athome, KJ Xiao, Knut Nesheim, Korbinian, Kristopher Sicari, Lach Woods, Leonard Neamtu, Marcin Wrochna, Mark Harper, Mark Moore, Mark Phillips, Mark Richardson, Martin, Matthew H, Mercure, Micael Batista, Michael Belde, Michelle Valentino, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Mike, Mikkel Kragh, Morten Engsvang, Nathan Rohrlach, Nick Humphries, Nicklas Kulp, Nico Kempe, OldGreyWolf, Peter Lee, Phil Saici, Philipp Legner, Rapssack, Real Engineering, Reid, Richard Bartlett, Richard Swain, Ryan, Sean Richards, Seb Stott, Sergio Alvarez, Sergio Diaz, Simone, Steffan , Sylvus , szigyi, Tanner , Ted CLAY, Thibault , Thomas Charbonnel, Thomas Newman, Thusto , Tobias Ahsbahs, Tom Painter, Tom Wilson, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Tony, Tschäff Reisberg, Ui, Victor Gordan, Yorick Droz, Youri Hubaut, Zoey O’Neill.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS4YqMk3XC8
Watch my interview with Meredith on Nebula (get 50% with my link): https://go.nebula.tv/simonclark
Before engaging in his second oil war of Q1 2026, President Trump took his most harmful act to date against climate action. In this video we talk about what that was, why the people fighting him are probably going to win, and why the whole thing could backfire in a big way for Trump and his oily glucose guardians.
You can support Meredith and their work at NRDC at https://www.nrdc.org/ways-give
You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys
REFERENCES
1. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jan/05/donald-trump-venezuela-nicolas-maduro
2. https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/crude-oil
3. https://renews.biz/110564/uk-to-open-ar8-auction-in-july/
4. https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2026/03/05/EFDTBJWO5NEGNBA7KKH4CWMPNM/
5. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/the-energy-security-fall-out-from-fossil-fuel-fragility-to-electric-independence/
6. https://www.actonclimate.com/trumptracker/
7. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/23/big-oil-445m-trump-congress
8. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
9. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-fossil-land?tab=chart&country=~USA
10. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region
11. https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-multi-pollutant-emissions-standards-model
12. https://www.desmog.com/2026/02/13/trump-epa-climate-working-group-report-endangerment-finding-repeal-curry-koonin-spencer-roy-mckitrick/
13. https://www.carbonbrief.org/debriefed-20-february-2026-eus-3c-warning-endangerment-repeals-impact-on-us-emissions-tree-invasion-fuelled-south-americas-fires/
14. https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2026/02/president-trump-delivers-biggest-regulatory-relief-in-history/
15. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/564/410/
16. https://heated.world/p/trump-is-wiping-out-all-climate-regulation
17. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-trump-has-overseen-more-coal-retirements-than-any-other-us-president/
———- II ———-
More about me – https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
My book – https://geni.us/firmament
Bluesky – https://bsky.app/profile/simonoxfphys.com
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark
———- II ———-
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Edited by Luke Negus.
Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:
bitreign33 , Dave Teare, Eric A Gentzler, Gary Stark, Glen Monks, Marcus Bosshard.
Andy Hartley, Artem Plotnikov, Ben Curtis, Jeffry ., Jon Arlov, Marius Kießling, Paul H and Linda L, Peter Reid, Tom Oldfield.
Adam Gillard, Adrian Sand, Alex, Alex Hall, Andrea De Mezzo, Andy Giesen, Andy Parr, Anže Cesar, Ashley Hauck, Ashley Steel, AYS , Baerbel Winkler, Bill Keydel, Brian Moss, Chris Laslett, Christian Weckner, Christopher Hall, Cifer, Ciotka Cierpienia, Circuitrinos, Claudia Kapp, Clemens, Cody VanZandt, Crisan Talpes, Dan Hanvey, Daniel Andersson, Daniel Cooney, David Mccann, David Stone, Denis Kovachev, Diederik Jekel, Dominik Rihak, Duffman, FireFerretDann, flakykilowatt, Florian Thie, Gabriele Siino, Hannarrrr, Haris Karimjee, Heijde, I dropped out of my PhD, & I might forgive Simon., Ian Hamilton, idris, Igor Francetic, Ishaan Shah, Jack Fretwell, Jacob Speelman, James Gaskell, James Gurney, James Haigh, James Leadbetter, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Jean-Manuel Izaret, Joachim Murat, John, Josef Probst, Joseph , Katharina Hartmuth, Kevin B, Kirsten Athome, KJ Xiao, Knut Nesheim, Kristopher Sicari, Lach Woods, Leonard Neamtu, Marcin Wrochna, Mark Harper, Mark Moore, Mark Phillips, Mark Richardson, Martin, Matthew H, Mercure, Michael Belde, Michelle Valentino, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Mike, Morten Engsvang, Nathan Rohrlach, Nick Humphries, Nicklas Kulp, Nico Kempe, OldGreyWolf, Peter Lee, Phil Saici, Philipp Legner, Phineas, Rapssack, Real Engineering, Reid, Richard Swain, Ryan, Sean Richards, Seb Stott, Sergio Alvarez, Sergio Diaz, Simone, Steffan , Sylvus , szigyi, Tanner , Ted CLAY, Thibault , Thomas Charbonnel, Thomas Newman, Thusto , Tobias Ahsbahs, Tom Painter, Tom Wilson, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Tony, Tschäff Reisberg, Victor Gordan, Yorick Droz, Youri Hubaut, Zoey O’Neill.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Yf-RSIrPLQ
-
Climate Change11 months ago
Guest post: Why China is still building new coal – and when it might stop
-
Greenhouse Gases11 months ago
Guest post: Why China is still building new coal – and when it might stop
-
Greenhouse Gases2 years ago嘉宾来稿：满足中国增长的用电需求 光伏加储能“比新建煤电更实惠”
-
Climate Change2 years ago嘉宾来稿：满足中国增长的用电需求 光伏加储能“比新建煤电更实惠”
-
Renewable Energy8 months agoSending Progressive Philanthropist George Soros to Prison?
-
Climate Change2 years ago
Bill Discounting Climate Change in Florida’s Energy Policy Awaits DeSantis’ Approval
-
Carbon Footprint2 years agoUS SEC’s Climate Disclosure Rules Spur Renewed Interest in Carbon Credits
-
Greenhouse Gases12 months ago
嘉宾来稿：探究火山喷发如何影响气候预测