Opening speeches and agenda fight
COP29 got underway in Baku this morning with opening speeches from the UAE’s COP28 President Sultan Al-Jaber, the (now official) COP29 President Mukhtar Babayev of Azerbaijan, and the head of the UN’s climate arm Simon Stiell.
Al-Jaber boasted that 2024 saw record renewable energy growth, 55 companies have joined an oil and gas decarbonisation charter, and the UAE’s Alterra climate fund has allocated $6.5 billion. He didn’t mention that some of that money has been invested in a gas pipeline.
After being formally elected as COP29 president, Babayev then warned “we are on a road to ruin”, adding “people are suffering in the shadows; they are dying in the dark”, so “we need much more from all of you”.
He said negotiators had made progress on some aspects of the post-2025 climate finance goal due to be agreed at COP29 – including a ten-year time-frame, transparency and “access” features.
But there are differing views on how to achieve the trillions of dollars in climate finance developing countries need, Babayev said, adding that he has “heard that a realistic goal for what the public sector can directly provide and mobilise seems to be in the hundreds of billions”. In the Guardian, he writes that “the onus cannot fall entirely on government purses”.
Stiell added a personal touch, becoming emotional as he put up a picture of him with his neighbour Florence in front of her hurricane-destroyed house on their native Caribbean island of Carriacou (part of Grenada).
Simon Stiell speaks at COP29 in front of a picture of him and his neighbour Florence (UNFCCC/Kiara Worth)
He defended the UN climate process as “the only place we have” to “credibly hold each other to account to act” on the climate crisis. He said the process is working because, without it, humanity would be heading towards 5C of global warming.
The opening session was then suspended so that what makes it onto the summit’s agenda can be negotiated off camera. The European Union is opposing an item put forward by China and its BASIC allies to negotiate trade measures.
The other debate, according to a developing-country negotiator, is whether the UAE Dialogue on reacting to the Global Stocktake decision from last year is listed under “matters relating to finance” or not.
Some developing nations want it there, so it can focus solely on finance. “It’s meant to be a finance discussion about money from developed to developing [countries],” said the negotiator.
Previously, developed countries have pushed for the dialogue to have a broader focus, including transitioning away from fossil fuels.
Negotiators in discussion ath the COP29 opening plenary (Picture: Kiara Worth/UNFCCC)
Brazil’s new 2035 target
On Friday night, the Brazilian government – which will host COP30 next year – announced a new 2035 emissions reduction target. It plans to cut emissions by 59-67% from 2005 levels, on the way to net zero by 2050.
Few other details have been announced so far and Brazil’s full UN climate plan – known as a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) – has yet to be published.
But the 59-67% target falls short of what Brazilian NGO Climate Observatory has said is compatible with Brazil’s fair share towards limiting global warming to 1.5C – which would be a 92% cut.
Climate Observatory said the new 2035 target is “misaligned with Brazil’s fair contribution to stabilising global warming at 1.5C”.
Natalie Unterstell, president of the Talanoa Institute, a Brazilian think-thank, said “the band target and the Brazilian government’s silence on the transition away from fossil fuels suggest weaknesses”.
Andreas Sieber from climate campaign group 350.org called it “minimally sufficient”, adding that it “reflects the imperfect yet persistent progress of climate diplomacy”.
The UAE announced its NDC last week – also seen by campaigners as falling short because it lacks a commitment to cut oil and gas production. Azerbaijan’s plan is expected at COP29, and most others will come next year.
The post COP29 Bulletin Day 1: Agenda fight and Brazil’s new target appeared first on Climate Home News.
COP29 Bulletin Day 1: Carbon market rules adopted, US reassures on emissions
Climate Change
States Say They Need More Help Replacing Lead Pipes. Congress May Cut the Funding Instead.
The U.S. House voted to cut millions promised for the work this year. The Senate will vote this week, as advocates and some lawmakers push back.
The Senate is taking up a spending package passed by the House of Representatives that would cut $125 million in funding promised this year to replace toxic lead pipes.
States Say They Need More Help Replacing Lead Pipes. Congress May Cut the Funding Instead.
Climate Change
6 books to start 2026
Here are 6 inspiring books discussing oceans, critiques of capitalism, the Indigenous fight for environmental justice, and hope—for your upcoming reading list this year.

The Deepest Map: The High-Stakes Race to Chart the World’s Oceans
by Laura Trethewey (2023)
This book reminds me of the statement saying that people hear more about the moon and other planets in space than what lies beneath Earth’s oceans, which are often cited as ‘scary’ and ‘harsh’. Through investigative and in-depth reportage, ocean journalist and writer Laura Trethewey tackles important aspects of ocean mapping.
The mapping and exploration can be very useful to understand more about the oceans and to learn how we can protect them. On the other hand, thanks to neoliberal capitalism, it can potentially lead to commercial exploitation and mass industrialisation of this most mysterious ecosystem of our world.
The Deepest Map is not as intimidating as it sounds. Instead, it’s more exciting than I anticipated as it shows us more discoveries we may little know of: interrelated issues between seafloor mapping, geopolitical implications, ocean exploitation due to commercial interest, and climate change.

The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality
by Katharina Pistor (2019)
Through The Code of Capital, Katharina Pistor talks about the correlation between law and the creation of wealth and inequality. She noted that though the wealthy love to claim hard work and skills as reasons why they easily significantly generate their fortunes, their accumulation of wealth would not last long without legal coding.
“The law is a powerful tool for social ordering and, if used wisely, has the potential to serve a broad range of social objectives: yet, for reasons and with implications that I attempt to explain, the law has been placed firmly in the service of capital,” she stated.
The book does not only show interesting takes on looking at inequality and the distribution of wealth, but also how those people in power manage to hoard their wealth with certain codes and laws, such as turning land into private property, while lots of people are struggling under the unjust system.

The Intersectional Environmentalist: How to Dismantle Systems of Oppression to Protect People + Planet
by Leah Thomas (2022)
Arguing that capitalism, racism, and other systems of oppression are the drivers of exploitation, activist Leah Thomas focuses on addressing the application of intersectionality to environmental justice through The Intersectional Environmentalist. Marginalised people all over the world are already on the front lines of the worsening climate crisis yet struggling to get justice they deserve.
I echo what she says, as a woman born and raised in Indonesia where clean air and drinkable water are considered luxury in various regions, where the extreme weather events exacerbated by the climate crisis hit the most vulnerable communities (without real mitigation and implementations by the government while oligarchies hijack our resources).
I think this powerful book is aligned with what Greenpeace has been speaking up about for years as well, that social justice and climate justice are deeply intertwined so it’s crucial to fight for both at the same time to help achieve a sustainable future for all.

As Long As Grass Grows
by Dina Gilio-Whitaker (2019)
Starting with the question “what does environmental justice look like when Indigenous people are at the centre?” Dina Gilio-Whitaker takes us to see the complexities of environmental justice and the endless efforts of Indigenous people in Indian country (the lands and communities of Native American tribes) to restore their traditional cultures while healing from the legacy of trauma caused by hundreds of years of Western colonisation.
She emphasizes that what distinguishes Indigenous peoples from colonisers is their unbroken spiritual relationship to their ancestral homelands. “The origin of environmental justice for Indigenous people is dispossession of land in all its forms; injustice is continually reproduced in what is inherently a culturally genocidal structure that systematically erases Indigenous people’s relationships and responsibilities to their ancestral places,” said Gilio-Whitaker.
I believe that the realm of today’s modern environmentalism should include Indigenous communities and learn their history: the resistance, the time-tested climate knowledge systems, their harmony with nature, and most importantly, their crucial role in preserving our planet’s biodiversity.

The Book of Hope
by Jane Goodall and Douglas Abrams with Gail Hudson (2021)
The Book of Hope is a marvelous glimpse into primatologist and global figure Jane Goodall’s life and work. The collaborator of the book, journalist Douglas Abrams, makes this reading experience even more enjoyable by sharing the reflective conversations between them, such as the definition of hope, and how to keep it alive amid difficult times.
Sadly, as we all know, Jane passed away this year. We have lost an incredible human being in the era when we need more someone like her who has inspired millions to care about nature, someone whose wisdom radiated warmth and compassion. Though she’s no longer with us, her legacy to spread hope stays.

Ocean: Earth’s Last Wilderness
by David Attenborough and Colin Butfield (2025)
“I could only have dreamed of recording in the early stages of my career, and we have changed the ocean so profoundly that the next hundred years could either witness a mass extinction of ocean life or a spectacular recovery.”
The legend David Attenborough highlights how much humans have yet to understand the ocean in his latest book with Colin Butfield. The first part of it begins with what has happened in a blue whale’s lifetime. Later it takes us to coral reefs, the deep of the ocean, kelp forest, mangroves, even Arctic, Oceanic seamounts, and Southern Ocean. The book contains powerful stories and scientific facts that will inspire ocean lovers, those who love to learn more about this ecosystem, and those who are willing to help protect our Earth.
To me, this book is not only about the wonder of the ocean, but also about hope to protect our planet. Just like what Attenborough believes: the more people understand nature, the greater our hope of saving it.
Kezia Rynita is a Content Editor for Greenpeace International, based in Indonesia.
Climate Change
‘I Am the River’: How Indigenous Knowledge Reshaped New Zealand’s Law
The Whanganui River is officially a living being and legal person. Māori leaders explain how Indigenous knowledge and persistence made it happen.
Ned Tapa has spent his life along New Zealand’s Whanganui River. For Tapa, a Māori leader, the river is not a resource to be managed or a commodity to be owned. It is an ancestor. A living being. A life force.
‘I Am the River’: How Indigenous Knowledge Reshaped New Zealand’s Law
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