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Cattle are one of the most consequential climate problems hiding in plain sight on the dinner table. Livestock are responsible for roughly 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and cattle alone account for about 65% of that sector’s output. Most of it doesn’t come from manure or land use — it comes from inside the cow. Approximately one billion cattle on the planet burp around 3.7 gigatons of CO₂-equivalent emissions annually, more than the aviation and shipping industries combined. A growing number of researchers and companies are focused on a deceptively simple approach: change what a cow eats. A red seaweed called Asparagopsis taxiformis contains bromoform, a compound that blocks the enzymes used by methane-producing microbes in the rumen. Today’s guests didn’t learn about this from a graduate seminar. They’re high school students, and they built an idea for their first company around it. Every January, I judge a Shark Tank-style competition that caps a month-long entrepreneurship program at the Bush School in Seattle. This year, a pitch by three students stopped me cold. Zara, Ellie, and Kai Aizawa are the co-founders of MooBlue, whose tagline — Cut the burp, keep the beef — got a laugh, but whose business concept is entirely serious. Kai is heading to Haverford College in the fall. Zara and Ellie are still freshmen.

MooBlue proposes harvesting Asparagopsis from the Mediterranean, where it is an invasive species currently harming marine ecosystems, processing it into an oil-based feed additive and building a certification and labeling system so consumers can identify beef and dairy products raised using reduced-methane feeds. What struck me wasn’t just the idea. It was the depth of the research: from the biochemistry of rumen fermentation to the intellectual property landscape to a two-segment go-to-market strategy targeting large corporate operations and family farms. They covered the competitive white space, the supply chain, the financial incentives for farmers, and the consumer psychology of premium labeling, all with the ease of people who had genuinely internalized what they were talking about.

The conversation shows that the internet has exploded ceiling of what a curious teenager can discover. When Zara, Ellie, and Kai needed to understand the biochemistry of enteric fermentation, they found recent, peer-reviewed research. When I was their age, those journals would have been available only at a university library, if they existed at all. Today, a high school freshman in Seattle can find a paper out of, understand the biochemistry well enough to explain it clearly, and build a company around the discovery. That changes what a generation can imagine. And it may change what we can collectively accomplish.

You can learn more about the Bush School’s entrepreneurship program at bush.edu.

Interview Transcript

Mitch Ratcliffe  0:09

Hello! Good morning, good afternoon, or good evening. Wherever you are on this beautiful planet of ours, welcome to Sustainability In Your Ear. This is the podcast conversation about accelerating the transition to a sustainable, carbon-neutral society, and I’m your host, Mitch Ratcliffe. Thanks for joining the conversation.

Today we’re going to talk gas, specifically, the methane gas ruminating in the gut of cattle around the world. Livestock are responsible for roughly 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Cattle alone account for about 65% of the livestock sector’s greenhouse gas output, and most of that isn’t from manure or land use. It’s due to enteric fermentation, the microbial process in a cow’s rumen — its gut — that produces methane that reaches the atmosphere as a burp or a fart.

Approximately one billion cattle live on the planet, and they emit around 3.7 gigatons of CO₂-equivalent emissions annually — more than the entire aviation and shipping industries combined. That hamburger on your plate isn’t coming without a significant environmental price. Methane is a particularly potent problem: over a 20-year period, it traps about 80 times more heat than carbon dioxide, because methane breaks down in the atmosphere in roughly a decade. Reducing the volume of this bovine gas can deliver climate benefits faster than almost any other intervention, and that’s why the Global Methane Pledge, signed by more than 150 countries, aims to reduce methane emissions by 30% before 2030.

That’s also why a growing number of researchers and startups are focused on a deceptively simple question: can you change what a cow eats and meaningfully change the climate math? The answer increasingly appears to be yes. A red seaweed called Asparagopsis taxiformis contains bromoform, a compound that inhibits the enzymes relied on by methane-producing microbes in a cow’s gut — in other words, it stops the gas. Peer-reviewed studies, including landmark research out of UC Davis and James Cook University in Australia, have shown that adding small amounts of Asparagopsis to cattle feed can reduce enteric methane emissions by up to 80%, with no adverse effects on the animal, its milk, or its meat production.

But I didn’t learn about this from reading research. It was explained to a group of adults by three high school students, and here’s the backstory. For the past couple of years, in January, I’ve been a judge at a Shark Tank competition that caps a month-long entrepreneurship program at the Bush School in Seattle. The class is taught by a friend and former business partner of mine, and it’s a rigorous program: students research real markets, build real business plans, and pitch to a panel that doesn’t pull punches. I’m the meanest shark, by the way.

This January, a pitch by three students struck me deeply, and I turned into the shark who was ready to invest. So my guests today are Zara, Ellie, and Kai Aizawa, co-founders of MooBlue.

Their tagline, Cut the burp, keep the beef, Got a laugh, but their Asparagopsis-based business concept is serious. MooBlue proposes harvesting the red seaweed from the Mediterranean, processing it into an oil-based feed additive, rather than a powder, as many other companies are considering, and building a certification system so that consumers can identify beef and dairy products raised using reduced-methane feeds.

What struck me wasn’t just the idea. It was the depth of the research these students had done, from the biochemistry of the rumen fermentation process to the competitive intellectual property landscape to a two-segment go-to-market strategy targeting both large corporate operations and smaller farms. They talked about these topics with ease, and it got me thinking about how much more information is available to students now than 50 years ago, when I was their age. They stand not just on the shoulders of historic giants like Newton or Einstein, but of cutting-edge researchers who, in the 1970s, typically worked out of sight and out of mind, sometimes for decades, until their research was found to be relevant and useful. But today, students can find out what’s going on in the lab almost immediately, and that changes the potential for innovation in everything.

So we’re going to talk with Zara, Ellie, and Kai about how they discovered the science behind Asparagopsis, why they chose an oil-based formulation over what competitors are doing, how they think about the intellectual property challenges in this space, and what it’s like to build a climate tech business plan when you’re still in high school. You can learn more about the Bush School at bush.edu.

So, can three high school students with a seaweed, a tagline, and a serious grasp of atmospheric chemistry chart a path toward lower-methane beef? Let’s find out, right after this quick commercial break.

COMMERCIAL BREAK

Mitch Ratcliffe  5:14

Welcome to the show, Zara, Ellie, and Kai. Could each of you introduce yourself so folks can hear your voice?

Zara  5:20

My name is Zara, and I’m a freshman at the Bush School.

Ellie  5:24

My name is Ellie, and I’m also a freshman at the Bush School.

Kai  5:27

I’m Kai, and I’m a senior at the Bush School.

Mitch Ratcliffe  5:29

Well, welcome to the show, guys. You did a great job during the Shark Tank competition, and I wanted to start off by asking you to quickly do the pitch you did for us.

Zara  5:38

So our idea is a product called MooBlue. Together, we can cut the burp and keep the beef. It would be a for-profit business working to make the livestock industry more sustainable.

Kai  5:49

In order to do this, our product would use Asparagopsis, a seaweed found in tropical areas that has been shown to reduce methane emissions from cows by up to 98%. Our company aims to harvest and turn Asparagopsis into oil-based feed additive capsules.

Zara  6:04

Currently, there’s a lack of sustainability in the agricultural industry, especially with the over-farming of ruminant animals, which are a high contributor to methane emission output. We hope that people will feel better when they buy methane-reduced meat or dairy products, because they’re helping the environment by contributing minimal methane output to the atmosphere.

Ellie  6:25

We have clearly identified this problem for decades, and scientists have discovered this natural solution years ago. Yet this technology isn’t well known, and so it hasn’t been implemented on a wide scale. We want to make it easier for people to help.

Kai  6:36

The two potential target audiences that we identified were large corporate farms and smaller farms in rural areas. We decided to focus on large corporate farms that have thousands of cattle. If one farm adopts your product, you can reduce emissions at scale immediately, which can help reduce methane emissions more quickly. They also have more capital and face increasing pressures from regulators, investors, and food companies to reduce emissions.

Ellie  7:00

Currently, there are a handful of companies trying to do the same thing as us, but this is still a very new market with lots of white space. We were also thinking that within a cooperative competitive relationship, we could help increase widespread adoption of sustainability, because at the end of the day, our goal is sustainability, not just profit.

Kai  7:20

A brief overview of our marketing plan would be to promote our product through agricultural media, such as Successful Farming magazine, and a strategic partnership with Wendy’s. With Wendy’s, we plan to create a limited-edition burger made using beef from calves with reduced methane emissions. This partnership builds off Wendy’s iconic Where’s the Beef? advertising campaign by reintroducing it as Where’s the Methane?. To distribute our product at scale, including in rural areas, we hope to partner with Cargill, the largest cattle feed distributor in the United States. We’ll also place a clear, visible “methane reduced” label on all of our meat products in stores. This allows farmers to differentiate their beef and charge a higher price for verified low-methane products, giving them an incentive to use our product.

Ellie  8:00

We hope to harvest our Asparagopsis from areas in the Mediterranean, relieving those ecosystems of the negative effects of this invasive species.

Zara  8:09

So in the long run, this product will improve air quality and public health by reducing methane-related ozone pollution, and it will slow climate change by targeting one of the most powerful greenhouse gases. So you should cut the burp and keep the beef with our company. Thanks.

Mitch Ratcliffe  8:24

That was great. And again, this is exactly why I was so impressed with your presentation. You thought this through end to end, not something you would expect in a high school entrepreneurship competition. Tell us how the three of you came together as a team, and what was it that sparked your interest in methane emissions from cattle in the first place?

Ellie  8:46

So for the Cascades program, each of us had to do an individual two-minute elevator pitch on our own unique idea. For me, I’d always kind of known about cows and how they’re a massive contributor to global methane emissions. It’s one of those facts that you learn and it just always stays in the back of your mind. I actually think I first learned it from a weird-but-true book I read in elementary school. I had also done a small project on the effects of Asparagopsis in middle school, but it wasn’t really anything concrete. So when I was running out of ideas for the class pitch, I decided to take my bare-bones MooBlue idea to the class, and it was received really well by my classmates and the teacher. The teacher ended up pairing us three together for the final project.

Speaking just for myself, I was excited to continue this business venture because I wanted to do something that mattered — not just to the individual consumer, but on a wider scale, touching the entire chain from farmers to consumers to the earth. So, basically, how Asparagopsis works: not just cows, but actually all ruminant animals — sheep, goats, even giraffes — have something called a rumen, the largest section of their four-part digestive system. The rumen is essentially a big fermentation vat. It contains tons of microbes and methanogens that help the animal break down the very fibrous plant matter it’s eating. When you see cows chewing their cud, that’s the regurgitation from the rumen to help break things down further, because it’s hard to digest.

This whole process of microbes breaking down fiber is called enteric fermentation, and this is what creates methane as a waste byproduct of the anaerobic microbes. The cow releases it through burping — which is a common misconception, because most people think it comes from farts. Asparagopsis reduces methane because it contains the active compound bromoform. When ingested by the cow — even at just 1% of their diet — bromoform blocks the enzymes used by the microbe to create methane. And there’s actually some hope that the energy the cow no longer wastes on producing methane could be redirected into feed efficiency, potentially lowering costs and boosting productivity for farmers.

Mitch Ratcliffe  11:08

That’s a really impressive and thorough explanation. How did you learn about all of that? One of the things that impressed me most is the research you had access to. How did you find it, and what was the process you went through?

Zara  11:23

During the time we were discovering what our unmet need was, we were looking for clear research, images, or articles that could point to the core of what our solution was going to be. I researched on many reputable sources, such as ScienceDirect, the National Institutes of Health, and Cornell’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. We wanted our unmet need to be grounded in a specific research topic: reducing methane emissions in the atmosphere.

I came across an article from UC Santa Cruz written by Sarah Mastrani on algae adoption for cattle feed to help reduce the methane emissions cows were producing. It gave people the main idea of our product in simpler terms. This research article provided me with the reputable knowledge needed to see the real effects of algae — how, in very simple terms, people could really understand the main mission of our company.

Mitch Ratcliffe  12:21

One of the ways you translate the mission of the company is into your labeling that you want to put on beef products, dairy products, and so forth. Tell us about methane-reduced labeling. How’d you come up with that idea?

Zara  12:33

We looked at the cage-free eggs comparison. Why do people choose to buy cage-free eggs? They’re more expensive, but consumers want to make a more humane choice. So we came up with a similar incentive for methane-reduced meat — yes, it’ll be more expensive, but it helps the environment and reduces the methane in the atmosphere. We played off the cage-free eggs example and the kind of motivation that makes people pay a premium for something that does good.

Mitch Ratcliffe  13:06

When you think about what that label looks like — is it a big, prominent label? And how do you convince people it’s legitimate? Because a lot of consumers wonder: can I trust this label, or is this just marketing?

Ellie  13:22

I think it’s really important, with something that has a large emotional marketing factor and represents newer technology, that it be authentic. As this technology gains more momentum, we hope to have an actual governing third-party oversight board, or some type of committee, that could certify products like this. A large label on the packaging that simply says “methane reduced” immediately draws the consumer’s eye, and I think even though it’s framed neutrally, it conveys the same weight that “grass-fed beef” and “cage-free eggs” do. Even though the idea is different, it draws out the same emotions and motivations in consumers.

Ultimately, people want to help the earth. They just don’t know how to do it, and they feel helpless. Something as simple as a label on beef can make people feel happy and proud and guilt-free about their food choices — the same way buying a carton of cage-free milk does.

Mitch Ratcliffe  14:33

Kai, you were the marketing mind behind this. Tell us more about your thinking.

Kai  14:38

We really wanted consumers to be bought in — we wanted returning customers, people who cared about the environment. By having a methane-reduced label, they could feel like they’re contributing, like they’re invested in our meat products.

We were always thinking about incentives. The science alone wasn’t going to keep our product afloat. Even if the technology works, adoption is only going to happen when there’s a clear benefit for the farmers, for the company, and for the consumers who feel like they’re helping the environment. So the label was an easy way to align all three of those values quickly: for consumers, it created an easy emotional signal that the purchase was going to make a difference; for producers and food companies, it created a market advantage against other meat products that don’t carry the methane-reduced label.

Mitch Ratcliffe  15:29

As I listen to you, what I’m struck by is that you believe business can make a positive impact in the world. What attracted you to the entrepreneurship program in the first place? How do you feel about the tools you have available to create a better world?

Zara  15:45

For me personally, I got into entrepreneurship from watching my mom start her own company — career consulting and college counseling. Seeing her go through the steps of finding customers and running a business over the past few years was really influential. And then when I saw the Cascades program, I got excited, because I’d attended a summer entrepreneurial program called eBay, in Berkeley, about two years ago, where you created a company based on one of your ideas and pitched it to your family after a three-week course. I really just enjoyed the idea of building a business, and those two experiences played a huge part.

Kai  16:52

During our Shark Tank program, we got to visit a lot of businesses outside the sustainability space as well — we heard the whole story from Nor’east Candles on how they grew their business from start to finish. I was personally really inspired by how quickly someone can build a business. The key factor was that you have to solve a problem. A clear problem in our world is climate change and global warming, and a really powerful way to address it is to bring as many people as possible into the solution. Creating a product to reduce methane emissions is one way to do that.

Mitch Ratcliffe  17:40

And Ellie — you were the initial founder. What about you?

Ellie  17:44

What drew me to entrepreneurship was the impact it can have when done right. You can go into government and fight for policy, and you can be a scientist and come up with new things, but it’s all somewhat wasted if there’s not someone actively working to implement it. I had noticed that California had passed policy to reduce methane. I read an article saying Asparagopsis was the future of agriculture. And I thought: we have the policy to move it forward, and we have the solution — but nobody is working to connect the two and actually solve this pressing problem. That’s what drew me to entrepreneurship: the impact it can have, and the way it brings people together to actually solve a big issue.

Mitch Ratcliffe  18:46

That’s a great place for us to take a break. We’ve set the table for a great methane-free conversation. Let’s take a quick commercial break — we’ll be right back. Stay tuned.

COMMERCIAL BREAK

Welcome back to Sustainability In Your Ear. Let’s continue the conversation with Zara, Ellie, and Kai Aizawa, co-creators of the MooBlue project and students at Seattle’s Bush School. As I listen to you, one thing I wanted to ask: would you be as interested in entrepreneurship and business in general if there weren’t shows like Shark Tank, which of course was the idea that brought us together in the first place?

Kai  19:31

I personally love watching Shark Tank, and it’s been a pretty big motivator for me to try entrepreneurship. But I think the core of entrepreneurship is trying to make as many people happy as possible.

Zara  19:48

Watching Shark Tank and other entrepreneurial shows definitely played a big part for me. When I was younger, my dad would work out in the gym and I’d come in and sit on this little bench watching whatever he was watching, and it always turned out to be Shark Tank. We’d watch episodes back to back, and it became a big bonding thing. It really influenced me into wanting to see the entrepreneurial world create connections between people who watch it and people who want to do good. And the idea of being able to build your own company — to profit or to do good for the environment — played a big part too.

Ellie  20:43

I’m a little different from Zara. I don’t really like watching Shark Tank because I don’t like seeing the investors tear down the business owners. But I think I’d still be just as interested in entrepreneurship without it, because to me, the marketing for entrepreneurship is the outcome. All of these successful businesses are really what made me think, huh, maybe I could do this one day. The success stories are actually a really big draw.

Mitch Ratcliffe  21:20

I want to jump back into the actual plan. One of the things you were particularly focused on was the difference between an oil-based approach to using Asparagopsis in feed versus powder, which is what most companies do. What was the reasoning behind that decision?

Zara  21:41

The oil form is typically considered better than the powder because it offers better stability for the active compound bromoform — lasting at least 12 weeks — whereas the powder can lose its effectiveness a lot faster. The oil also masks the seaweed’s strong taste and smell, making it easier for the cows to consume the product and increasing palatability — meaning it enhances voluntary intake. Cows are more willing to eat it because it doesn’t smell as bad and it tastes a little better mixed into their feed.

Mitch Ratcliffe  22:26

It’s great that you thought about the cows, too, rather than just force-feeding them. Another element of the plan was harvesting the seaweed in the Mediterranean, where it’s an invasive species. Who would do the harvesting, and how did you think about the full supply chain and the benefits it could create for people in those regions?

Ellie  22:47

One thing we noticed when we were researching this is that there’s currently no way to farm Asparagopsis on a scale that would support a business — it’s all very small, experimental farms just getting started, with a lot of ongoing research into the future of that. Rather than our company spending more time and money investing in that research, we decided we could temporarily kill two birds with one stone and harvest Asparagopsis in parts of the Mediterranean where it’s an invasive species wreaking havoc on some natural ecosystems.

We thought we could create partnerships with environmental task forces overseas that are already looking to remove Asparagopsis from those areas, as well as with local divers. We would pay them to harvest it and ship it back to the United States, where our scientists would process it. To be clear, Asparagopsis is causing real harm in those invasive environments — it creates behavioral feeding issues in some invertebrates and releases bromoform into the marine environment, which is toxic to submarine life. We acknowledge that as research progresses and someone does find an efficient way to farm Asparagopsis, it may no longer be cost-effective to import and hand-harvest it. But hopefully by that point, we’ll have made a real impact on the Mediterranean ecosystem as well.

Mitch Ratcliffe  24:47

Another element of your idea was to focus on large cattle feeding operations — CAFOs, or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations — compared to small farms, to make your initial impact and prove the product’s efficacy. Why not start with a small farm and actually measure and reduce their emissions? I’m curious about your thinking there.

Kai  25:11

That’s a really good question, and we went back and forth on it for a long time. During our initial presentation, we actually said smaller farms, and then we revised that multiple times. I do see the argument for starting with smaller farms — you could test it out, see how it works, and change your approach if needed. But with our MVP being so achievable, I think jumping straight to the large corporate farms could be a pretty valuable move.

Ellie  25:42

Part of our reasoning for targeting bigger corporations is that smaller and family farms are a lot more likely to try this simply because they’re less profit-driven and more invested in the craft of farming. We didn’t want to take the easier path. Large corporations aren’t keen on spending extra when they don’t need to, so bringing them the research on potential feed efficiency improvements would be meaningful — and they also simply have more cattle, so the emissions impact is much greater.

Mitch Ratcliffe  26:28

So you found that using the Asparagopsis oil might actually mean you have to feed the cattle less, saving farmers money in the long run?

Ellie  26:38

Yes — the research is still ongoing, but scientists are suggesting that because the bromoform inhibits methane production, the energy that used to be wasted as a byproduct of that process could instead be redirected into feeding energy. It’s still being investigated, but if confirmed, it would create a meaningful financial incentive for farmers on top of the environmental benefits.

Mitch Ratcliffe  27:10

You have a slide in your pitch called Why This Matters, pointing out that we are in the process of breaching the 1.5°C threshold right now, which increases the urgency of reducing emissions. Cattle methane is a significant source, at around 14% of annual emissions. How do you respond to people who say the real answer is just to stop eating beef altogether?

Zara  27:34

I think we would respond by saying that beef and dairy are a huge staple in many communities’ diets. I’m not a vegetarian, and a lot of people rely on dairy products to feed their families. Cows also provide natural fertilizer, which is often overlooked.

Ellie  27:58

I do think the over-consumption of meat and dairy products is unsustainable as it is right now, especially with factory farms. Maybe one day we’ll be able to consume less beef and dairy or diminish factory farm herd sizes. But I also think it’s easier for people to add things to their lives than to take things away. If all farms used Asparagopsis — not even as a marketing strategy, just as a standard practice — we would virtually eliminate cattle’s effect on the climate from enteric fermentation. And I think it’s ultimately up to the consumer. For most of them, it’s easier to wrap their head around buying a piece of beef with less methane output than giving up steak forever. Reducing herd sizes would also take too long to implement, because it would drastically reduce profits for farms that depend on that income.

Mitch Ratcliffe  29:04

That’s a fair answer, and it’s a debate that’s going to continue for a long time. As you talk about your access to information and research, I’m really impressed with how much you know. But I wonder — what’s your perception of your ability to find out anything in this world? When I was your age, the likelihood that any of this information would have been available at my local library was very low. You can get on your computer or phone and find this information instantly. Do you have a sense that anything is discoverable and anything is possible if you just find the information you need?

Ellie  29:44

I think it’s a great tool that we have access to so many of these sources, because — drawing it back to this specific example — this research has been out for nearly a decade and almost nobody knows about it, even with the internet. And it makes you think: if we didn’t have the internet, how much less would it be known? We probably wouldn’t even be developing this product, because it wouldn’t show up anywhere we’d find it. I think internet access is really moving science forward by making more people’s work findable. But it can also be dangerous if you’re reading the wrong things.

Zara  30:35

Going off Ellie’s point — on the internet, you don’t know how many people are actually seeing the same document you’re seeing, or whether they’re trying to solve the same problem. So I also think a good research approach involves direct, physical conversations with someone who’s been directly affected by or connected to the problem you’re trying to solve. Those firsthand experiences bring in sources directly from the source, and that allows you to see what people have actually lived, rather than just what the internet describes.

Mitch Ratcliffe  31:36

You’re going to continue your educations, and I’m curious: do you think higher education, the way we traditionally think about it, is the right path for you to keep making progress toward a positive impact on the world? What are your thoughts on your next steps?

Ellie  32:04

Kai’s the next one going to college.

Zara  32:06

Yeah, he’s the one.

Kai  32:08

I’m obviously pretty interested in entrepreneurship. This fall, I’m going to Haverford College. I want to continue doing projects like this, where I’m trying to solve a problem. And I think it’s important to know that it’s not just the knowledge itself you’re gaining, but also the mentorship networks and the environment where people are constantly pushing you to think more and think bigger.

For me, the goal was to combine traditional education with hands-on experience — exactly like the Shark Tank program. This project wouldn’t have happened without the mentorship we had. David, our teacher and mentor, was such a great guide. He walked us through all the steps. I went into this literally knowing nothing about entrepreneurship, and by the end I felt like a pro — like I could walk someone else through building their own business step by step. Having someone constantly challenging your ideas makes a huge difference.

Mitch Ratcliffe  33:11

It sounds like the experience of learning is what’s most engaging for each of you. Is that right?

Zara  33:19

That’s fair, yeah. Our school really prioritizes experiential education, which is what the Cascades program was designed to do — we got to go visit local businesses and see how they were actually operating. That played a big part in letting us retain so much information, because we got to see how things worked in practice. And as Kai said, David always challenged our ideas and always gave us something to think about, which really pushed us to want to discover more and make the idea even better.

Mitch Ratcliffe  33:56

What’s your advice for adults? What would you recommend they do to unlock all of this knowledge you have and give you a shot at changing the world? How can adults help you get there faster?

Ellie  34:10

Well, everyone always says kids are the future, which is true. But when people say that, it sounds like they’re saying, “Okay, let’s wait 20 years for some kid to do this great thing.” Adults are still in power, and kids are always coming up with newer ideas and fresh perspectives. That’s genuinely great. But without adults using their power — in government, pushing for new legislation, or just supporting these ideas in practice — a lot of these ideas won’t get off the ground. Adults have experience that these kids don’t. If they use that experience to advocate for young people’s ideas and make them more widespread, that would really help get them off the ground.

Zara  35:07

I agree with Ellie on that. Kids are the future, but why would you wait 30 years for a problem you could solve today if you just helped a kid out? We can definitely come up with great ideas, but we can’t execute them without adult support — parents, ultimately, have the final say. If we had a joint team effort with everyone working together, it would really help take big ideas to the next level.

Mitch Ratcliffe  35:42

Multi-generational solutions are where we need to go. How would you change school? Would you make it more like adult life? Or more like childhood used to be, before students had to work 24/7 to impress parents and get good grades?

Kai  36:01

I mean, personally, I would love to be prepared for what I’m actually going to do in the future. But I also understand the value of letting people creatively express themselves, and a lot of that involves experiential learning — at the Bush School, that’s really highly valued. You’re always trying to solve problems on your own, not relying on someone else to hand you the answer. I think that’s very valuable.

Mitch Ratcliffe  36:25

The Bush School is a remarkable environment. It does allow you to stand up and do your thing, and that’s a great model for the rest of the country’s educational system.

Zara  36:35

We’re all very grateful to be able to attend this school.

Mitch Ratcliffe  36:38

What’s one thing that each of you learned during this project — whether about climate science, business, or entrepreneurship — that surprised you or changed the way you think about our potential to build a sustainable world?

Zara  36:50

I think the biggest thing for me was learning about scale in business. We start with these small ideas, but if we can scale a product, it can reach bigger communities and bigger levels. MooBlue is about creating a more sustainable atmosphere by reducing methane emissions from cattle. That’s a good idea, but an idea needs to be scaled and taken in steps to actually be achieved. If we could get it in front of people with more power than three students, that would take it to the next level. Scale is the big thing I learned.

Kai  37:47

For me, it was the importance of aligning incentives. At the beginning, I personally assumed that if something was a good idea and people could easily see its value, it would naturally become a successful product. But that’s not how it works. As we got deeper into the project, we realized that adoption only happens once it also makes financial sense. It kind of shifted how I view entrepreneurship entirely.

Ellie  38:16

For me, drawing it into the climate science aspect of your question: doing research into the sustainability side of science has really opened my eyes to just how much work has been done to create environmentally conscious solutions to some of the most pressing environmental issues. The discovery of Asparagopsis as a viable way to reduce methane is great research, but as I’ve said before, it’s essentially nothing if we fail to implement it. Sustainability will continue to build momentum, but only with the help of business owners working to implement it and make it achievable for ordinary people.

Mitch Ratcliffe  38:51

Y’all have done such an amazing job, both on the pitch and in this conversation. Thank you so much. So — is MooBlue going to be a world-changing effort? Are you going to stick with it?

Zara  39:04

One day, we’d love to see meaningful methane reduction in the atmosphere. We’d have to talk about it as a team, but I think it would be incredible to see that happen.

Mitch Ratcliffe  39:19

Well, thank you so much for your time, guys.

Zara  39:23

Thank you so much for having us.

COMMERCIAL BREAK

Mitch Ratcliffe  39:30

Welcome back to Sustainability In Your Ear. You’ve been listening to my conversation with Zara, Ellie, and Kai Aizawa, co-founders of MooBlue, a business concept developed as part of the entrepreneurship program at the Bush School in Seattle. Their idea — harvesting Asparagopsis, a methane-suppressing red seaweed, and processing it into an oil-based cattle feed additive to reduce emissions — is serious climate tech by any measure, even if its authors are still a freshman, a freshman, and a senior in high school.

What struck me most in this conversation is how clearly these three students understand the full shape of the problem they’re trying to solve. They didn’t arrive at Asparagopsis by accident. They found peer-reviewed research from UC Davis, James Cook University, and the National Institutes of Health, synthesized it, and then built a go-to-market strategy that accounts for farmer incentives, consumer psychology, supply chain logistics, and competitive intellectual property dynamics.

The clarity of their problem framing — that a scientifically validated solution has existed for nearly a decade and simply hasn’t been implemented effectively at scale — reflects the kind of systems thinking that is usually hard-won in adulthood, not assumed by people who are still learning to drive. And Zara, Ellie, and Kai’s understanding of the role business can play in bringing scientific ideas to life is a challenge to the idea that profit will always win over positive outcomes.

Ellie put it precisely: you can have policy and you can have research, but if nobody is working to connect them, the problem doesn’t get solved. And Kai came to the same conclusion from a different angle — he started with the assumption that a good idea would naturally succeed, then learned through the project that adoption only follows when incentives are aligned for everyone in the chain, from the farmer’s feed costs to the consumer’s sense of agency at the grocery store. That insight is one that a lot of experienced entrepreneurs are still working out.

Starting with the problem rather than a solution in search of a problem is the best first step when launching a company. And our conversation about media and information access was the most encouraging segment for me, and I think the most consequential.

The Shark Tank format was familiar; it’s a model that equipped them with tools for presenting and pressure-testing an idea, and it clearly shaped their intuition about what was fundable and what a good pitch looks like. But the deeper point is that the internet has done something extraordinary to the ceiling of what a curious teenager can discover. When I was their age, the journals containing this research would not have been available at my local library. They would have been at a university library, if they existed at all. Most of these journals are a product of the internet.

Today, a high school freshman in Seattle can find a paper out of James Cook University, understand the biochemistry well enough to explain it clearly, and identify white space in the competitive landscape, and then think about building a company around what she found. That changes what a generation can imagine, expanding the scope of what’s possible for all of us, and it can give us genuine hope in the climate era.

I think Zara, Ellie, and Kai are living proof of that. The harder question, which they answered honestly, is what it takes to close the gap between discovery and impact. Their answer: adult support, legislative leverage, and the willingness of established businesses to act on incentives that align sustainability with profitability. These are key to thinking about the future of our circular economy, our sustainable economy, and human life.

Kids are the future. And as Ellie challenged us: why would you wait 30 years for a problem you could solve today? That’s not being naive. That’s exactly the kind of impatience we need. Adults can step up and help these kids make the changes they imagine. After all, it is a multigenerational challenge that we face, and we’ve left the world in a state that’s going to take generations to repair.

So stay tuned, and I hope you’ll take a look at our archive of more than 540 episodes of Sustainability In Your Ear — perhaps sharing one with your friends. Writing a review on your favorite podcast platform helps your neighbors find us. You’re the amplifiers that spread ideas and create less waste. Please tell your friends, your family, your co-workers, and the people you meet on the street that they can find Sustainability In Your Ear on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, Audible, or whatever purveyor of podcast goodness they prefer.

Thank you for your support. I’m Mitch Ratcliffe. This is Sustainability In Your Ear, and we will be back with another innovator interview soon. In the meantime, folks, take care of yourself, take care of one another, and let’s all take care of this beautiful planet of ours. Have a green day.

The post Sustainability In Your Ear: The MooBlue Team Keeps The Beef, Without The Burp appeared first on Earth911.

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Sustainability In Your Ear: GoodPower’s Leah Qusba on Selling Clean Energy as Pocketbook Power

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In 2024, 91% of new large-scale renewable projects around the world made electricity for less money than any fossil-fuel option, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency. Solar power was 41% cheaper than the lowest-cost fossil fuel, and onshore wind was 53% cheaper. The technology that can lower energy bills, keep the grid stable, and create jobs is now the most affordable way to build power almost anywhere. So, here’s the big question our guest faces every day: if clean energy is this good and this affordable, why is it still so tough to get people to support it? Leah Qusba leads GoodPower, a nonprofit focused on strategic communications and research. For almost twenty years, it was known as Action for the Climate Emergency, but it changed its name during Climate Week 2025. Since Leah took over, the group has grown about ten times bigger, built a network of over 8,500 content creators who share facts about renewables, and started running live messaging tests through its Good Data Lab. The new name highlights that renewable power is good power, and the best way to win support is by showing how it affects people’s monthly bills. The decision to rebrand was based on data. Leah’s team learned that words like “climate” and “emergency” can shut down conversations in rural, conservative areas where most new wind and solar projects are built. GoodPower shifted its message to focus on jobs, community investment, and steady power bills.

Leah Qusba, CEO of GoodPower, is our guest on Sustainability In Your Ear.

GoodPower also works to fight anti-renewables disinformation, which Leah says spreads fastest in the first day or two after a grid emergency. When Winter Storm Fern knocked out power in more than 20 states in January, the organization had a few days’ notice and quickly got its creator network ready to “prebunk” the usual claim that renewables caused the blackouts. This strategy, based on the Debunking Handbook, starts with the truth, points out the false claim, and then repeats the truth to make it stick. GoodPower uses the same idea in its AI tools: CleanCast predicts where local fights over new projects might start so communities can get accurate information early, and TrueVoice spots AI-generated comments in public records. Still, Leah says the best messengers are neighbors, since people trust those who share their experiences. For instance, when Boulder City, Nevada’s Republican mayor, Joe Hardy, talks about how solar and storage helped his town’s budget, it connects with other conservative communities in a way ads can’t.

GoodPower’s network of creators shares clean-energy messages through car-repair, food, and gaming videos. Leah calls this the raisin bread theory: the regular content is the bread, and the renewables message is the raisin. For communities already dealing with climate impacts, she highlights groups like Extreme Weather Survivors, which gives wildfire and flood survivors a way to push for policy changes from the ground up.

To learn more, visit goodpower.org and follow Leah Qusba on LinkedIn, where she is active and easy to reach.

Interview Transcript

Mitch Ratcliffe   0:10

Hello! Good morning, good afternoon, or good evening, wherever you are on this beautiful planet of ours. Welcome to Sustainability In Your Ear. This is the podcast conversation about accelerating the transition to a sustainable, carbon-neutral society. And I’m your host, Mitch Ratcliffe. Thanks for joining the conversation today. Let’s talk about accelerating that shift to renewables in detail.

The technology to lower our energy bills, build a more secure grid, and create millions of jobs already exists. Renewables are now the cheapest and fastest power to deploy almost anywhere on the planet, so here’s the puzzle my guest today wrestles with every single day. If the solutions are this good and this affordable, why is it so hard to build public support for them?

Part of the answer is that we’re trying to make the case for sustainable technologies in an openly hostile environment. Federal climate policy has been rolled back, and there are coordinated disinformation campaigns ready to blame wind and solar within hours of any grid emergency, whether or not the facts support those accusations. And the social platforms where most people get their information will quietly bury anything labeled climate, handing it only to people who already agree that it’s a concern. The audiences you need to reach most never see your message about sustainability.

Leah Qusba has built a career breaking through the noise to reach audiences intent on climate progress. She’s the CEO of GoodPower, an organization you may have known until recently as Action for the Climate Emergency, or ACE. She’s led it for more than 15 years, growing it roughly tenfold into one of the sharpest media and research operations in the climate space, and she runs real experiments on what messaging actually changes behavior, working with thousands of content creators to carry the conversation to people the movement has never reached before. Her own path started along Wisconsin’s Fox River, in a stretch of water she played in as a kid that later became an EPA Superfund site before she finished high school.

We’re going to explore how to sell the benefits of clean energy when the word climate itself becomes a liability, and how you fight disinformation when a lie travels faster than the truth, and why Leah ultimately believes affordability, not alarm, is the door most people will actually walk through when asked about climate. So, what can we do to shift the climate conversation? Let’s find out after this brief commercial break.

[COMMERCIAL BREAK]

Mitch Ratcliffe   2:41

Leah Qusba, welcome to Sustainability In Your Ear. How are you doing today?

Leah Qusba   2:45

I’m doing great. How are you?

Mitch Ratcliffe   2:46

Well, I’m well, thanks for taking the time to talk with me. It’s always interesting to speak to somebody who’s been dedicated to climate awareness for so long. You grew up in Wisconsin’s Paper Valley, and a river you played in, the Fox, became an EPA Superfund site while you were in high school. How much of your work derives from the experience of having played in that river, which was polluted and needed a cleanup?

Leah Qusba   3:10

Yeah, I certainly didn’t know it at the time, growing up in small-town USA in northeastern Wisconsin. I think it has impacted me dramatically and greatly. I kind of look back — it’s over, you know, 25 to 30 years ago at this point. I look back at that time and think, wow, there’s nobody organizing people around that type of environmental disaster. People were angry, they felt powerless. It took over a decade, and then the EPA said, well, we did our best, we can’t really fully clean this up in terms of all the PCBs in the river. So I look back on that time, and I think it did set me on the path that I’m on today.

Mitch Ratcliffe   3:52

We know so much more about the world, and part of the experience of living by a river that turned out to be so polluted is your own recognition. How do you use that approach to storytelling to help other people make the leap to understand where we are with regard to the climate?

Leah Qusba   4:09

Well, I often think about my dad, and what’s interesting about my dad is he’s a staunch conservative — he believes climate change is not man-made — and he recently became a supporter of solar, not because of me, not because of his own daughter’s influence, but actually his HVAC guy has a side business doing rooftop solar, and it was that conversation that convinced my dad. So I think what I take away is: rural speaks to rural, conservative speaks to conservative, neighbor speaks to neighbor.

I think in an internet environment where people trust what’s on the internet less and less, and with the rise of artificial intelligence and related content, I think all we have left is really each other, and so we really leverage that. How do we find stories of communities that already have solar, wind, and batteries, for example, to demystify what these technologies are for a neighboring town, county, or state? It really works.

Mitch Ratcliffe   5:11

In September, you changed the name of the organization from Action for the Climate Emergency to GoodPower. What stopped working about the words climate emergency?

Leah Qusba   5:21

Yeah, I mean, I think as the years went on and we were using this brand, we don’t want to fall into traps where climate, decarbonization, and energy issues are sort of unfairly politicized as left versus right. When we say words like climate in a rural conservative community, that can be a non-starter. When we say things like emergency, do we fall into the trap of being climate alarmists, as we have been dubbed? There’s a different way — there’s a bigger-tent approach where, depending on the audience you’re speaking to, there’s different ways in to showing the economic promise of the energy transition.

Right, what do communities get? Jobs, community investment, long-term leases for farmers and landowners that are, you know, nervous private equity is coming to buy their land for an Amazon logistics warehouse or a data center or something like that. So I think for us, our brand wasn’t working for enough of the American people, especially where, you know, ground zero for the energy transition happens to be rural red America, where a lot of this infrastructure needs to be built and is being built.

So we did it because we wanted a bigger tent that more people could get under and feel a sense of belonging — that, wow, I see something for me in the energy transition. I see something for me in what community benefits I could potentially reap from decarbonized power being built in my town or community. So it was really about creating that bigger tent for more people to get under.

Mitch Ratcliffe   6:51

Well, your dad’s experience is recognizing that there’s economic opportunity in advanced technology. Funny thing, it wakes you up to the opportunity, but it doesn’t address the fact that we’re being told that there’s a crisis all the time, and one of the issues that I seem to run into a lot is that even within the climate community there are very rigid differences of opinion about where to focus our effort and investment. How has the movement torn itself apart to a degree, even as it establishes real credibility because of the fact of the climate changing so rapidly?

Leah Qusba   7:25

I mean, when you just break it down to scientific terms, right? Climate change happens very slowly, and then all at once, I think, is the famous quote, right? How did I go broke? It started slowly, and then all at once. I think for us, what we have learned — we’ve been in business for about 18 years, and I’ve been at GoodPower for about 17 of those years — the number one voting issue, cycle after cycle, and now even young people in 2024, in the last presidential, even young people rated the economy as number one. Usually they’re voting on values issues, you know, racial justice and all sorts of other things. They rated the economy. So the economy isn’t working for most people. Nearly 70% of us in the US live paycheck to paycheck.

So we really, at GoodPower, recognize that people want immediate change. How are my energy bills going to go down? Why are prices at the gas pump going up and down like the stock market? Why aren’t they more predictable? The answer: homegrown power — solar, wind, batteries. It’s not exposed to global commodity risks like oil and gas, right? There’s no far-off war that is going to make the cost of the wind and the sun, which happen to be free — there is no fuel cost — it’s not going to make those go up and down in that way.

So I think it’s about connecting the everyday experiences and things people are constantly worried about. How am I going to keep my job? Am I going to be laid off? Will I be able to afford groceries this week? My energy bill doubled in the last year, and there’s no sight. How do we look at the energy transition as unlocking this generational economic opportunity, right? This potential economic renaissance for the middle class. It’s not just saving money and having more predictability and control and autonomy around one’s bills. It’s also about the wealth regenerating and the economic investment.

I’m from a rural community. These communities are emptying out. Young people are leaving. They need investment. They need new schools, new infrastructure, new roads. Farmers are struggling — hundreds close every year in the US. Well, great: let’s farm 300 acres of solar, along with my 3,000 acres of soybeans and corn. When I have a rough year, the solar still pays the bill. So I think there’s incredible economic potential here, and that hasn’t really been communicated effectively.

Mitch Ratcliffe   9:39

You argue that renewable power is good power, but at the same time, as you just pointed out, our energy bills are going through the roof. Are you arguing for truly distributed energy generation, or are you saying that there is a path to a collectively owned — whatever form that takes — infrastructure that allows us to really meet the electrical demands of the era we’re entering?

Leah Qusba   10:00

I think that’s a false choice. Our position is all of it. We are huge proponents of distributed energy resources, dispatchable power, some of the virtual power plant policies and investments that we’ve seen. We’re huge proponents of utility-scale and community-level renewable projects. We think battery energy storage — when you pair that, right, that’s the invention of the battery — is how we get to more reliable power. So all of it. I think we need all of it.

I think, you know, global energy volatility is really a hidden tax on American families that people are really exhausted having to pay, in the midst of a cost-of-living crisis where everything else is going up — healthcare, housing, groceries. When energy goes up, by the way, everything else goes up too. So I think it’s the predictability, it’s having more control and not being at the whims of these sort of global markets and importing that volatility into people’s lives that already feel chaotic.

Mitch Ratcliffe   10:59

And yet we need to press through the capital investment phase of this with determination, and it seems like the determination is being shaken by, let’s say, people at the White House. How do you tell a story in the face of such rigorous and often completely misleading responses from the other side of the political argument?

Leah Qusba   11:20

Well, I think the American people are pretty smart. Only 40% of Republicans actually approve of their own president’s energy policies right now. That’s from GoodPower’s own national poll we did with the University of Chicago back in mid-March. So there’s extremely low approval. People understand — they feel it. You have to fill your gas tank up, right, probably once, maybe twice a week. If you’re going on vacation, a lot more than that. You have to pay that energy bill and open it up, or go online and pay it every month. So it’s in your face constantly. Nobody’s seeing change, and when you have only 40% of your own party approving your energy policies and your agenda, that’s pretty abysmal.

So I think, from my perspective, when we look at the sort of all-of-government approach to kill renewables, we’re choosing energy winners and losers, and Americans are left kind of holding the bill. It’s simple economics 101 here — supply and demand. If we’re restricting the fastest, most affordable electrons from coming online, which happen to be from solar, storage, and wind right now, we’re going to drive up bills. I mean, my 11-year-old daughter would understand the economics of that.

Mitch Ratcliffe   12:28

AI is going to play a big part in how we ultimately tell the story, and part of the solution in terms of how we optimize everything that we do — simply because we have visibility into how things work in ways we would never have been able to pre-AI. How do you integrate that part of the story, that some of this investment is necessary to develop the intelligence that is going to help us untangle the crisis that we face?

Leah Qusba   12:53

I think the stark reality is that data centers are highly unpopular right now, and land use in general — land use projects across the country are really facing increasing public opposition. I am seeing some really bright lights within the news cycle around land-use development that is being done very responsibly, transparently, in an innovative way. I think about some of the Google data center announcements recently in the MISO region, where they’re looking creatively at how do we get electrons through virtual power plants, how do we invest in infrastructure, how do we invest in community benefits, how do we procure clean electrons to power our digital infrastructure. So I think there are some really good actors out there lifting up those stories where these developments are happening in a very positive way.

I think we can look to the utility-scale renewable energy sector — I mean, this is a lot of GoodPower’s work — but just telling the stories: people have reaped enormous benefits and are very happy with this infrastructure when it’s done in the right way, and it’s transparent, and it’s with stakeholder input. I think there’s a way to do land use that can be really uplifting to communities, but getting their input and involving them as stakeholders, I think, is absolutely essential.

I think the other piece of the story that we forget: big tech, right — technology has been the number one global procurer of decarbonized electrons on planet Earth for the last 15 years. So in other words, the growth of the renewable energy sector has been commensurate with the growth and advancement in the sort of digital revolution and technology. So again, there’s a right way to do it, and if we can uplift stories of where the community is on board with this infrastructure — because they’ve been consulted and they’ve gotten to weigh in, and they’re really getting a good deal out of it — I think the more we can do that, the better off we’ll be.

Mitch Ratcliffe   14:47

On the other hand, AI is also part of the problem, because it is used by algorithms to direct people away from the issue. You’ve said that when you mention climate in a video, it immediately gets relegated to a pile of links to people who already agree. In other words, we’re talking to the converted. How do you articulate that to somebody who is focused on the concerns they have about their community — particularly a rural community, where I live in one as well — when talking about the need for the investment in electrification and AI, which is also potentially part of the problem that we face in terms of being relegated to pools of people who agree and never get the opportunity to evangelize to others?

Leah Qusba   15:28

We don’t say anything to rural communities. We let rural communities talk to each other, so that’s what we enable. We basically find stories that are under-told and under-platformed. For example, here’s a farmer in rural Oklahoma, in western Oklahoma. They’ve had wind on their land for 20 years, put their kids through college. They were able to keep their generational farm that was handed down to them for six generations, and they wouldn’t have been able to keep it without the wind industry, right? So that could be very convincing to another farmer who’s facing closure in a neighboring plains state, or even within the Midwest generally.

So brands, I think, need to say less. I think what we need to do more of is find and mine those stories where the projects were built responsibly, the land-use development was done in a way that enriched the community and, you know, consulted the community. How do we find those stories? We’ve produced hundreds of these now over the last five years, all over the United States, all over Brazil, the UK, right, where we were trying to really build positivity and social permission and social acceptance of this infrastructure. The stories are all out there, and it’s just about platforming and telling them and breaking through when we see this news cycle that has been so anti-renewable from this particular administration. This is the counterbalance. Just go and ask the communities, and they’ll tell you how they feel about this infrastructure.

Mitch Ratcliffe   16:55

Can you give an example of a story that, for lack of a better word, sells the idea of economic prosperity built on renewables?

Leah Qusba   17:03

Yeah, I mean, really authentic, genuine stories. I’m thinking of a story from Mayor Joe Hardy in Boulder City, Nevada. Mayor Hardy is a Republican. He’s a staunch conservative. His story is about how economically secure Boulder City, Nevada, is for the next 25 years. He talks about solar and storage. He takes us out to the fields and shows us what that looks like, and that the community has no economic worries in terms of property tax revenue, and where those revenues are going, and how it’s investing in community infrastructure, schools, etc.

I think of another story in Oklahoma, of a school superintendent who talks about how the community benefit agreement that they signed with this wind developer built a new school, and what that means for children in a community that has not seen a lot of investment over the last few decades. And then we have countless stories of farmers, landowners, neighbors to these projects who talk about the community benefits agreements — what’s in them: long-term leases, new infrastructure, donations of emergency management vehicles, police cars, fire trucks.

And again, when you position the community as a stakeholder and it’s transparent and you consult them, we can strike deals here that really work for the industry and for building decarbonized power, and that really work for people in the communities who feel like, “Wow, I’m being invested in, I’m not being extracted from.” We’re not replicating those systems of extraction; we’re investing in building something together. I think that’s really special.

Mitch Ratcliffe   18:35

Is there a risk in the movement swinging so hard toward pocketbook messaging that it no longer talks about climate, or clean in contrast to the dirty systems — or is that exactly the point?

Leah Qusba   18:45

I also think this is a false question, because we do talk about climate. It’s important to talk about climate. 8% of voters under 35 rated climate as their number one issue in 2024. So a front-door climate message, and increasing the awareness and the pie — you know, the slice of people who are really motivated by a climate message that’s front-door — I think there is a huge audience out there. We speak to that audience.

I think the point is, this is not a one-size-fits-all solution, right? The internet and social media are increasingly fractured. Audiences are tribalized. Knowing what platform you’re on and who you’re speaking to — once you know that information, you should have a very sophisticated segmented strategy. How do we connect audience to messenger and message? If you’re trying to have a silver bullet, sort of, you know, one campaign to rule them all, I think that’s a recipe for failure, and in fact you can have polarizing effects. You can make people feel less inclined to support energy and climate policies that are going to drive forward a decarbonized economy by not having the right messenger, or even a polarizing messenger that could make them more entrenched in that opinion. So I think you can do more harm than good in some cases.

I think having empathy — whether you’re talking to somebody on the left side of the ideological spectrum or the right side of the ideological spectrum, or somewhere in between — really knowing who those people are and what moves them and what they’re about, and really trying to seek to understand them and not label them as something other, or “these are not my people.” I kind of hear a lot of that sometimes. Everybody’s our people. If you’re a person, you’re our people. And I think there’s a way to speak to literally anybody about these issues in a way that’s going to land with them, and that’s really the science of communication.

Mitch Ratcliffe   20:37

To be a people person takes real work, especially when you’re telling stories. There’s a lot to unpack in this strategy. Let’s take a quick commercial break and come back to continue this fascinating discussion. Stay tuned, folks.

[COMMERCIAL BREAK]

Welcome back to Sustainability In Your Ear. Now, let’s continue the conversation with Leah Qusba. She is CEO of GoodPower, which is a strategic communications nonprofit working to highlight the need for and benefits of renewable energy. Leah, how do you see the world of storytelling changing because we have the tools that AI unlocks to target and reach people better? Or are we going to be overwhelmed by misinformation? I’m just — where should we set the bar in our expectations about the future of storytelling?

Leah Qusba   21:25

What a deep and complex and fascinating question. So let me start with the platforms themselves, where people are now using Claude and ChatGPT and other AI platforms almost as Google search platforms, right? So they’re looking for information. So I think one way that we’re using these tools is really, how do we set the terms of what information comes up when people are searching around: is solar good or bad? You know, will this raise my bills, lower my bills? Right, so it’s basically like SEO, but for these AI platforms — it’s called AEO and GEO. So how do you do search optimization and get the facts, not the fiction, to pop up in search results? So we do some of that work, going to the source of when people are searching, what information are they getting.

I think then, you know, we think about AI as a technology when it’s really a set of complementary capabilities, right? We’ve got automation — how do we automate the tedious and repetitive things that humans don’t want to do, so we can focus on higher-level creative work? Predictive — right, how do we forecast where siting and permitting battles are going to be through 2030 around clean energy projects, or where opposition might be forming? So how do we predict the future? And then we’re all familiar with the generative capabilities around doing better analysis and communications and content creation, etc. And the way we look at these capabilities at GoodPower, it’s less about a single piece of technology; it’s about leveraging these capabilities to build custom models. So I can walk you through a few pieces of those technologies that we’ve sort of housed.

One product is called CleanCast, and this is a piece of predictive, AI-enabled technology. It helps us forecast where the renewable energy industry might build their projects, so it pipes in public opinion research from local counties, it pipes in the governmental, environmental, and regulatory constraints that might exist. Are there existing bans and moratoria? How does that state do permitting? Does it do it at the county level through a county commission, or is it a state process through a PUC or PSC? So all sorts of intelligence to help us predict: where are these projects going to be built? What’s the prime location? Can we get there first and inoculate the public to disinformation? Can we make them resilient and less vulnerable to disinformation?

The disinformation we see out there is astounding. There was a disinformation cluster last week trying to scare potato farmers, saying Frito-Lay won’t buy your potatoes if you host solar on your land, because they’ll have glass shards in them — your potatoes will have glass inside from the solar panels. We traced this disinformation to some potato trade industry associations that are funded predominantly by the fertilizer industry, and fertilizer is petrochemicals, right? So if you follow the money — how do we anticipate where disinformation or opposition is going to be? Where is the industry going, and how do we get there first? Generally, people remember what they hear first, right? So before the public understanding hardens around the disinformation, how do we get there first? So that’s an example of one product. I have a few more I could share with you as well.

Mitch Ratcliffe   24:41

Well, you also have a small army in what you call the Creator Collective — 8,500 creators, 350 to 400 million followers in food and fashion and gaming and all the things that creators do. How does the sustainability message travel through a network like that? Maybe the message begins with a car influencer, then you run into it in a fashion commentary as well.

Leah Qusba   25:03

Well, I think, going back to your previous question around the tribalization problem on social media — like, how do we break through when the algorithms just sort us into the, you know, left-of-center green climate bucket? We don’t want to be sorted into that bucket. So creator marketing is a way to get around that. We don’t generally lead with a sustainability message with everyone. We lead with the message we think is going to work with that audience.

So if we’re trying to reach a bunch of car bros or commuters that really could save thousands of dollars annually from switching to an EV — maybe they live in a rural commuter town, they drive to the city for work — we want to hire a bunch of car bros, right, creators that are talking about fixing cars, and they slip EV messaging into their regular content streams that are more entertaining for their audience. We call it the raisin bread theory, where most of the content stays the bread, and you’re sprinkling in the raisins.

You could apply this to any one of these content verticals. If we’re talking about regenerative agriculture and getting toxic chemicals out of our food supply, MAHA moms are a great example — suburban white women in the MAHA movement, right? We want to find a bunch of them, or doctors and nurses who are really universally credible messengers who talk about health content. So depending on the audience and the campaign’s goals, we look into that community and we decide: okay, who do we want to engage for this campaign, and who’s the right credible messenger for the audience?

Mitch Ratcliffe   26:26

So would you describe that as: you coordinate and plan a sequence of messages? Or is this something that continues to happen organically based on your urging?

Leah Qusba   26:35

We do both. We do long-term campaigns that are multi-year, sort of patient-capital investments to changing an entire community’s way that they think about these technologies, where maybe there was a huge gap in understanding. One example would be: over 55% of Americans say they’ve never or rarely even heard about battery energy storage. They don’t know what it is. Great — it’s a fantastic opportunity to provide some baseline education to a huge group of people, where these projects are probably going to be built. We can get there first, before any disinformation gets out around these projects.

Then we have things that are more reactive and tied to the news cycle. So, almost two decades I’ve been in this work, and we keep losing during these rapid-response, sort of high-attention moments. The wildfires in LA are a really great example from last January, and we actually lost that narrative — DEI was blamed, that we were too busy with DEI in California to, you know, do proper forest management. It was ridiculous, but when you looked online and did advanced social listening analysis of the narrative, there were more mentions where the disinformation around DEI took over the conversation, instead of “hey, climate change is making these disasters more costly, more dangerous, and by the way, insurers are leaving the market in California.” Who’s holding the bag for that? It’s not the polluters that caused the problem; it’s the ratepayers, the premium holders that live in that state. So how do we make those connections? So there’s both a rapid-response element where we’re gathering this intelligence from the news cycle and responding, and then there’s more long-term strategies that we’re building as well.

Mitch Ratcliffe   28:14

Talk a little about the rapid response. In January, Winter Storm Fern caused up to $6.7 billion in damage, and there were a lot of disinformation initiatives around that storm almost immediately, and they were blaming wind and solar for the grid not having stayed as resilient as it needed to be, ignoring the fact that it’s an ancient grid. What does an effective, fast counter-messaging effort look like? How do you move the truth at the speed of a lie when lies are propagating so quickly?

Leah Qusba   28:46

We actually did a rapid-response activation with our creator community that last weekend in January — I remember that vividly — and because Winter Storm Fern was a forecasted storm, we actually had a few days of lead time, so it wasn’t a same-day activation. We could plan and really activate our community.

So what we did: we used the best practices — sort of the gold standard for inoculation, or prebunking, is another way you can name it. It’s to prepare the audience for disinformation they might see, so that when they see it, it bounces off of them instead of sinks into them. So we follow the Debunking Handbook, and there’s a way to do it where you’re not reinforcing the disinformation. There’s a huge risk in social science of actually reinforcing the lie if you don’t do it in the right way, in terms of introducing the truth, talking about the disinformation, and ending with the truth. We call it the truth sandwich.

So we did that. We activated a couple dozen creators who got millions of views on their content, basically saying, look, the lights are going to go out because of this storm. It’s affecting over 20 states. It’s happening this weekend. If you see blaming or scapegoating — that, oh, the power went out because of those unreliable renewables — don’t be fooled, that’s not the reason. It’s actually inter-regional transmission in our aging grid, and literally frozen coal and gas supply.

And we can look back — we had people who went through Winter Storm Uri. We had some Texas moms who were in our rapid-response creator community that could talk about their own experience. Oh, the same thing: Governor Abbott actually said disinformation on national television in Texas, saying, “Oh, those frozen wind turbines, that’s why the lights went out.” So we actually had people from Winter Storm Uri, who went through that in ’21, that were part of this collection of creators that were activated and were able to speak to their own experience — that, oh, every time there’s extreme weather and the lights go out, renewables are scapegoated. Don’t be fooled, that’s not what it is, it’s this. And so it was very effective.

Mitch Ratcliffe   30:45

Now, you do a lot of randomized trials of different kinds of messaging, and I’m wondering if there’s an example of something that you didn’t expect to work but really did when you put it in the market — or conversely, something you thought was a surefire win that didn’t work at all.

Leah Qusba   30:59

You know what was surprising? We saw a speech that was televised on the Senate floor with Senator Brian Schatz from Hawaii. He was giving a speech on the Senate floor around how the Trump administration’s policies to block renewable energy were driving up the cost of electricity and utility bills for Americans, and that that will continue to happen. We said, wow, this is great — most people in our testing think Congress isn’t talking about these issues. So we said, why don’t we give this speech to our creators, have them clip it up and add some commentary to it, and we’ll have a bunch of them share it. And then we’ll do a randomized control trial, where the treatment audience saw the content — one of the pieces of creator content — and the control group saw nothing, or a placebo. Let’s see how this works.

And our research question was: does this help Democrats, or does it help Republicans? Like, what happens when we have people in Congress talking about this? And it turns out not only was it extremely effective at solidifying the idea that these policies to block renewables from being built are driving up bills — so it was very effective at education and awareness — it was very bad for the Republican party generally. Eleven points we were able to get in the treatment group on disfavor for how Republicans were handling energy policy and utility issues. So we found that to be fascinating. We didn’t think a single exposure of a speech of somebody in Congress talking about these issues would be that effective, or have that outsized of an impact.

Mitch Ratcliffe   32:27

One of the things I noted: you started off focused primarily on youth climate education, but as you pivot toward everyone’s energy bill — which is a very dinner-table kind of 30s-and-40s, you-got-kids, you-got-to-think-about-this-stuff kind of problem — how do you stay relevant to youth who continue to grow up into what they can see plainly is a crisis, but that is increasingly being cast as a pocketbook issue?

Leah Qusba   32:53

I think what’s fascinating, and the unique part of this story, is that I’ve been at GoodPower almost the entire time, so many of the young people I personally worked with in high school are now into their 30s. They’re working for social impact investors, they’re working at the EPA, they’re working for big foundations, some are working for hyperscalers and AI companies, and what’s fascinating is they’re taking those values around these issues into their professional lives.

I think, you know, this idea of kind of growing up and maturing within the movement — and I think post-COVID, when we see how COVID really affected the youth movement in general, and college campus organizing: nobody was in person, and you kind of got to be in person to do organizing, to build those relationships and pass the baton to underclassmen, etc. So I think, for us, seeing some of these young people mature themselves into the professional working world — this generation has now permeated the private sector, the public sector, and they’ve carried this sort of generational youth climate movement, sparked by Sunrise, you know, sparked by our organization, Power Shift Network. They have a whole new view, I think, that they’re bringing into corporate America right now, around their values and around how much they prioritize climate and energy policies that make sense.

I think they’re also living in a world where they can’t attain the same things their parents did financially. They can’t own a home, they can’t afford to buy a car, or even move out of their parents’ house. So I think our messaging around the economy — I think it works for young people that have kind of grown up in this movement and are very angry, like most Americans are, around this cost-of-living crisis.

Mitch Ratcliffe   34:37

The number of jobs represented by the capital that is being held in abeyance because of the misinformation must be incredibly frustrating for younger people. I mean, we can see the explosion of economic opportunity that would happen — it might look more like China, for instance. I was reading your 2030 plan; you’re leaning into AI and product development and breakthrough technology, and I’m wondering what those breakthrough technologies that you think are most important to understanding where we can go might be.

Leah Qusba   35:07

I think geothermal is really fascinating. Of course, anything that is zero carbon, I think, is really interesting to our organization when we think about the climate problem and decarbonizing the global economy. I think it’s a very nascent technology, so there’s some fair criticism there, but I would say uniquely it has this bipartisan support because it uses the same rigging and tools and equipment and skills as the fossil fuel industry, right — oil and gas and fracking workers. So I think there’s incredible bipartisan support as well, and I think as these technologies mature, we’ll be in a front-row seat, kind of looking and seeing how these develop and mature over time.

When we think about artificial intelligence tools, we think about it in a bit of a different way. I think one pervasive issue we’re seeing right now is AI manipulation and fabricated opposition in local siting — so AI-generated comments flooding decision-makers, and they don’t know what’s real and who’s real. So we built a product for that called TrueVoice that separates authentic local input from AI-manufactured opposition. We’re going to give it to community stakeholders, county commissioners, public service commissioners, the developers — everybody deserves to know: okay, what’s the probability that there was AI manipulation on this docket, and now how much do we weigh this? Maybe it’ll create new systems of what we prioritize and how we gather community input. Maybe there’ll be a premium on in-person hearings and showing up, you know, and reinvesting in local organizing.

So I think our use of these tools is really around identifying the cracks that could become fissures that could become huge cliffs for the work that we do in our pathway to accelerating decarbonization — and how do we fit within those, and how do we problem-solve and deliver solutions that don’t just solve our own problems at GoodPower, but sort of solve big, big systemic, sectoral problems.

Mitch Ratcliffe   37:04

As you think about where we are right now, and everything you just said in the context of what we’re looking toward in terms of the world we want to build — what are you most hopeful about right now?

Leah Qusba   37:13

Well, I think the market forces, much to President Trump’s chagrin, are just too strong to stop the industry. You know, we have a deadline coming up on July 4, where the PTC and ITC — right, if you haven’t begun substantial construction, and now this is being litigated, or this 5% test, you know, have you spent 5% of the project budget — you will not be eligible for the PTC and ITC, these important tax credits that make these projects more lucrative and more profitable and more desirable from a financial investment perspective.

But when you look at the impacts of this sort of arbitrary deadline that we’re all racing toward — yes, Rhodium Group says, you know, the industry is going to take a hit, and a lot fewer projects will be built, there’ll be more consolidation — but the industry is too mature, and decarbonized power is too attractive and affordable and clean and just desirable and homegrown and stable and secure. There’s just too many good things, I think, wrapped up in decarbonized power to stop it.

I think the same is true for electric transportation. If we look to the global south — we work in the global south and non-OECD economies — where you see these two-wheelers and people buying electric vehicles in droves, because they don’t want to import this volatility of the global oil market into their households either. We look to food and agriculture, the MAHA movement of regenerative agriculture, the best carbon capture solution nature offers. People don’t want poison in their food, and we’re seeing a movement around that, and we’re seeing people get very exhausted and disgusted with, you know, the administration’s actions with Monsanto recently.

And so I think there is too much momentum for any one person or one administration to stop what’s happening right now. Can we throw roadblocks? Can we create friction? Can we run interference? Of course. We see our role as removing those bottlenecks, and kind of the counterbalance to that. So I think that gives me hope. The question is, how much time will it take? Time is our greatest enemy, and if we can save time, I think that’s the point. That’s where we avoid the worst consequences, and we seize the most opportunity. So how do we save time?

Mitch Ratcliffe   39:22

How does the adaptation story fit into what you’re doing today? Obviously, we’re going to need to prepare for this.

Leah Qusba   39:28

I think there are fantastic organizations out there working more on adaptation, disaster relief, mutual aid — community-based organizations that are doing a lot of that work. I think it’s hugely, hugely important. We’re going to need to figure out how to live and thrive and support people. The stories out of New Orleans, you know — hey, people have to move; this is going to be us; we’re going to lose 60 miles inland, right? So it has to happen. That’s not work that GoodPower is leading.

There’s a group of organizations, and also environmental disaster survivors. Extreme Weather Survivors is a great organization led by a dear friend of mine named Sierra Kos. They’re doing incredible work to really platform disaster survivors and what it’s like to live through wildfires, lose everything, lose your insurance — what does it look like to be on the front lines of these climate consequences, and how do we really tell those stories and use them, I think, as a warning signal, but also as an education tool to move local, state, and federal policies further toward supporting people.

I think the last thing I’ll say is some of the insurance subrogation laws that are being proposed in Rhode Island and New York, California, Hawaii. These are some of the leadership states saying, wait a second, polluters caused this knowingly for four decades — why are my constituents being left holding the bag? Why are they footing the bill when this industry was complicit? There’s actually a huge state policy movement right now called insurance subrogation, where insurance companies can actually go and make the industry pay for this and clean up — have a superfund, basically, where these companies pay into it, and when these disasters happen, they have to help clean it up, and that bill should not go necessarily to the community or the homeowner. And the insurance companies, too, I think, always get the blame and the ire, but as this continues to happen, that market is going to be more and more difficult over time. So I think having a solution where those most responsible and complicit with driving this situation are also going to be helping to pay for it.

Mitch Ratcliffe   41:46

Leah, thanks so much for this incredibly inspiring conversation. How can folks keep track of what GoodPower is up to?

Leah Qusba   41:52

Oh, good. Go to goodpower.org. We’d love to hear from you. You can contact us, you can reach me on LinkedIn, where I’m active as well, and we’d love to be in touch. Thanks for having me.

Mitch Ratcliffe   42:02

Thank you very much for spending time with us today.

Leah Qusba   42:04

Take care.

[COMMERCIAL BREAK]

Mitch Ratcliffe   42:11

Welcome back to Sustainability In Your Ear. You’ve been listening to my conversation with Leah Qusba. She’s CEO of GoodPower, the climate and media research organization known until recently as Action for the Climate Emergency, and you can learn more about Leah and her team’s work at goodpower.org. GoodPower is all one word, no space, no dash — goodpower.org.

Let’s consider what it means when an organization that spent 18 years with the words climate emergency in its name concludes those words themselves have become an obstacle to connecting with an audience. Now, this was a data-driven decision. Only 8% of voters under 35 rated climate as their top issue in 2024, and young people ranked the economy first and most important. And that’s the movement’s critical base. If it’s to transform this economy, affordability is what people — especially young people, who want to buy their first home, want to buy their first EV, or would like to be able to put their kids through school. Those folks are the ones who are going to make the change that we’re talking about, who are going to vote — both with their wallet and at the ballot box — for a new world. GoodPower’s rebrand is a bet that the movement can meet them at the crossroads of economics and sustainability.

Leah accurately described global energy volatility as a hidden tax on American families. Every far-off war and commodity swing shows up in the utility bill and at the pump, while wind and sun carry no fuel costs at all. There’s only the capital investment involved in building the solar and wind systems in the first place; then you get free power. But with oil, those taxes are effectively paid to companies, not governments. And as we heard in last week’s interview with Shareholder Democracy’s Gabriel Grant, shareholders have not yet leveraged their voting power to exert control over the companies whose stocks they own, and those companies are ultimately accountable to those shareholders.

When you see the problem through the lens of the Trump administration’s hypocritical approach to market competition, in which they suppress emerging technology, the renewables argument becomes simple supply-and-demand mathematics. The fastest, cheapest form of energy is being blocked from coming to market, and the result is rising rates rather than economic resilience. This isn’t the proverbial 500-miles-per-gallon carburetor purportedly suppressed by the oil industry in the 1970s. This is a real technology ready to reduce the cost of living while doing immense good for the environment, and people see this. GoodPower’s polling with the University of Chicago found just 40% of Republicans approve of their party’s current energy policy.

There’s a real tension as we continue to reinvent the economy, and Leah’s decision to lean entirely on pocketbook messaging is a clear path to building support for solar, wind, geothermal, and other renewables, which will only become more plentiful, not run dry, over the next century, like fossil fuels ultimately will. Leah’s answer is audience segmentation: one message — a front-door climate message — for the audience that wants one, the people who are already convinced and who want to share that message; and on the other side, economics-based messaging for everyone else. The messenger now matters more than the message, and in an era of influencers, this really comes through bright and clear.

Leah’s father, a conservative who doubts human-caused climate change, went solar because his HVAC contractor made the case — not his daughter, who runs one of the country’s largest climate communication shops, but an HVAC contractor. As Leah said, rural speaks to rural, neighbor speaks to neighbor, and GoodPower has operationalized that instinct at scale. They have a creator collective of more than 8,500 content makers with a combined audience in the hundreds of millions, and they’re slipping what Leah calls raisins of clean energy content into the bread of car videos, food channels, and gaming streams. And they measure it. That’s a discipline that separates persuasion from wishful thinking. What you can measure, you can change. It remains too rare in a movement that too often assumes its urgent warnings will carry the day by themselves.

The last idea to revisit is a leading indicator, and that is that artificial intelligence has become the new front line of the information fight, on both sides of the aisle.

Mitch Ratcliffe   46:29

People now ask Claude and ChatGPT whether solar will raise their electric bills, so GoodPower practices answer engine optimization to make sure accurate information surfaces in the first AI response. Its CleanCast tool predicts where siting battles over solar installations, wind installations, and so forth will erupt, so that developers can inoculate communities before disinformation arrives — like the recent industry-funded campaign that told potato farmers that solar panels would result in glass shards in their crops. Another tool that GoodPower has come up with, the TrueVoice tool, launching now, separates authentic public comments from AI-manufactured opposition flooding county permitting dockets and congressional mailboxes.

So one of the good things about AI, at least, is that it allows us to cut through a lot of the noise that we’re being flooded with. But look, this is an arms race, and Leah is candid about the tools being young. These are nascent movements and a nascent set of technologies we’re building on. But the prebunking playbook worked with Winter Storm Fern in January, when creators reached millions with the truth about the aging grid before the wind-turbine scapegoating could harden into what would be perceived as truth by many people. There’s a clear strategic method evolving in real time, and we will keep tracking that race for the American mind here on Sustainability In Your Ear.

Hey, look, if today’s conversation was useful to you, could you pass it along? Sharing an episode with a friend or leaving a review on your favorite podcast website is a great way to get the word out there, because folks, you are the amplifiers that can spread more ideas to create less waste. And you can tell folks they can find more than 560 episodes of Sustainability In Your Ear at Earth911.com/podcast, or you can check us out on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, Audible, or whatever purveyor of podcast goodness you prefer.

Thanks for your support. I’m Mitch Ratcliffe. This is Sustainability In Your Ear, and we will be back with another innovator interview soon. In the meantime, folks, take care of yourself, take care of one another, and of course, let’s all take care of this beautiful planet of ours. Have a green day.

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Earth911 Inspiration: Be a Mountain or Lean on One

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This week’s quote is a Somali proverb: “Be a mountain or lean on one.”

Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click to get a larger image.

"Be a mountain or lean on one." --Somali proverb

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8 Best Ethical & Sustainable Flats That Are Effortlessly Chic

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Ballet flats have long been a staple in my wardrobe, but in the past few years have experienced a significant resurgence — and for good reason. The right pair can be practical, versatile, and oh so chic through days at work, with family, or out for the evening. But finding that “just right” set that’s well-crafted and sustainably made can be a whole other story. That’s why this sustainable flats guide exists.

Comfort, style, sustainability, and longevity are a lot to ask in a shoe, but I don’t believe it’s too much. It just takes some extra digging. And thankfully, I’ve done that digging for you. Because I get it! I want a flat that looks beautiful. I want a flat that’s made responsibly in line with my values. I want a shoe I can actually wear for my life. And I want that shoe to be worth the investment — it has to last. That’s why I vetted through dozens of brands to create this curated list of flats.

What Makes a Flat More Sustainable?

Material Sourcing

Footwear is a tricky category when it comes to sustainable fashion because we ask a lot of our shoes. We wear them in rain or sunshine, paved paths and cobblestone, day in and day out for years. And through it all, they have to remain beautiful. Because when they’re unwearable, there’s not much left to do with them: there is no viable footwear recycling today. Anywhere that calls it “shoe recycling” is really repurposing that footwear. But once it can no longer be worn, it’s simply trash.

In other words, our shoes need to be incredibly durable, even though the most durable materials don’t always come with the lightest footprint. In footwear, when we talk about durability, we usually rely on leather or high-performance synthetic materials. Leather can hold up with many years of wear, getting more beautiful with wear, and is easy to repair when needed. Synthetic materials are also durable, particularly for withstanding the elements like snow and rain.

But sourcing these materials conventionally is highly polluting — so how can we source these materials better?

For synthetics, we have recycled options. Today, that’s largely recycling from plastic bottles, which isn’t without it’s controversies, but there is much innovation happening in the industry around true textile-to-textile recycling.

For leather, I look for:

  • Vegetable-tanned (rather than chromium tanned)
  • Locally-sourced leather (more traceability), and/or
  • Leather Working Group certified leather, which covers responsible management of water, energy, and waste; safe chemical management, traceability of the raw material, and occupational safety for workers.

Notably, there is no certification for animal welfare, so these are imperfect systems. But the alternative is footwear made from synthetic plastic materials or vegan leather alternatives that don’t yet meet the same durability standards as leather. Sustainability within today’s constraints requires trade-offs.

That said, there is always secondhand leather — by buying shoes secondhand you can access the quality of leather without adding further demand for the material.

Responsible Manufacturing

When considering responsible production practices, I look for first and foremost: transparency. Seeing what the brand shares about their material sourcing, their process, and who made their shoes where. And then I look at the details of that process: were the shoes made locally or within a geographic region? How are the workers paid and treated — and under which conditions do they work?

And, sometimes a brand employs an out-of-the-box approach to manufacturing entirely. There are a few slow fashion footwear brands challenging the traditional fashion system of ordering in mass quantities before demand is assessed —which inevitably leads to overproduction. These brands use an “on demand” model instead, producing their shoes only after they’ve been ordered. This reduces the risk of overproduction (i.e. producing more than what gets sold) while also encouraging more thoughtful consumption. You can’t impulse buy a pair of Mary Janes that you have to wait 8 weeks for.

Wearable and Beautiful

The most perfectly environmentally sustainable flat in the world is useless if no one wants to wear it. And as I mentioned earlier, footwear cannot be recycled into new footwear at the end of its life, so we want our shoes to last a really long time. That means they need to be design forward and comfortable, too.

My Top Picks for More Sustainable and Ethical Flats

Keeping all of that in mind, these more sustainable flats brands meet this criteria, albeit to various extents. Some err more on comfort while some more on style. Some have admirable levels of transparency and social impact, while other brands have more of a focus on their ecological impact. I’ve included descriptions alongside each brand as well as a summary of conscious qualities so you can find a brand that meets your priorities best. And, of course, a price range so you know what makes sense for your budget as well.

Some that this guide includes affiliate links which means we may earn a commission if you shop through these links. As always, brands featured in shopping guides are brands that meet our strict sustainability criteria that we think you’ll love.

1. ALOHAS

Spanish brand ALOHAS flips the typical fashion production system on its head with its on-demand model.

Instead of overproducing thousands of shoes to later discount them, ALOHAS does the exact opposite. Its newest styles are available for pre-order at a discount of 30%, so the footwear brand can more accurately forecast demand. Then the shoes — like their flats — are primarily made by local artisans in Spain and Portugal. The brand regularly shows the behind the scenes of their production on their social media.

Conscious Qualities: On-Demand Production, Locally Made

Size Range: EU 35-42 (US 5-11)
Price Range: $195-$225

sustainable black ballet flats

2. Rothy’s

If you’re looking for flats for all-day wear at work or running errands, Rothy’s is my recommendation with their cushy insoles. The brand makes their more sustainable flats from recycled plastic bottles, as well as materials like hemp and merino wool, but they still look sleek enough for the office.

While I might not wear Rothy’s flats to a fashion event (I prefer smooth leather for more elevated occasions), they are more than stylish enough to wear to most of my real-life scenarios. My favorite part about Rothy’s, though, is that they are machine washable.

Materials: Recycled & Natural Materials, Owns One Factory (undisclosed percentage of production)

Size Range: US 5-13
Price Range: $99-$165

mustard yellow recycled flats with pointy toes

3. Vivaia

Vivaia has the most adorable sustainable Mary Janes made from recycled plastic bottles. The adjustable straps and arch support make Vivaia’s Mary Janes suitable for all-day comfort, even if your feet are typically prone to slipping out of flats.

This vegan footwear brand also makes square-toe and pointed-toe flats for a more elevated look. And of the several recycled plastic bottle footwear brands on the market today, Vivaia tends to have the most elevated designs in my opinion.

Conscious Qualities: Vegan, Recycled Materials

Size Range: US 5-11
Price: $97 – $116

4. The RealReal

The RealReal is an authenticated luxury resale platform with contemporary, designer, and high-end luxury brands. Depending on your priorities you can find shoes in anywhere from pristine condition (but higher priced)) to “fair” or even “as is” for the largest discount from full price.

You don’t always have as many options aesthetically when shopping more sustainably, so I like to go to The RealReal when I’m looking for specific styles. I was recently looking for Mary Janes with feminine detailing and came across Larroude Flats on The RealReal, where I purchased a pair of neutral scalloped accent flats. (Pictured here!)

Conscious Qualities: Secondhand

Size Range: US 3.5-14
Price Range: $9+

5. ESSĒN

ESSĒN elegant, minimalist footwear is artisan handcrafted from Leather Working Group-certified leather in solar-powered facilities in Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Each shoe also comes with a product passport where you can view the step-by-step journey that product took through the brand’s supply chain from raw material to manufacturing to packaging and distribution.

Beyond transparency and responsible manufacturing, ESSĒN’s slow fashion business model prevents overproduction by operating on a made to order basis. Meaning while sizes and styles are predefined, the shoes are only produced after they’ve been ordered.

Conscious Qualities: LWG Certified, Supply Chain Transparency, On Demand Production

Size Range: EU 35-44 (US 4-13)
Price Range: $295-$450

Chocolate brown leather classic flats

6. Allbirds

Another comfort-first footwear option besides Rothy’s is Allbirds. The brand creates lightweight, super smooth and breathable flats from tree fibers, aptly called “Tree Breezers”. The (washable) shoes are also soft enough to wear without socks.

The Allbirds Tree Breezers are far more comfortable than typical flats, though I find that the Rothy’s are slightly comfier.

Conscious Qualities: Natural materials (FSC-Certified eucalyptus, castor mean oil, sugarcane EVA)

Size Range: US 5-11
Price Range: $105-$125

Gray wool flats

7. Darzah

Fair trade certified by Fair Trade Federation, Darzah’s ethical flats are entirely hand-embroidered and handcrafted in Palestine from locally sourced leather.

The tatreez flats from this nonprofit are embroidered by refugee and low-income women artisans in the West Bank with this traditional Palestinian techniques.

Conscious Qualities: Sustains Heritage Crafts, Fair Trade Certified

Size Range: EU 36-41 (US 6-10)
Price Range: $199 – $209

Tatreez fair trade flats in red and blue

8. Nisolo

If you’re seeking a quality pair of classic leather flats ideal for your capsule wardrobe, Nisolo is a strong pick. Nisolo’s flats are handcrafted by artisans using leather sourced from a Leather Working Group certified tannery.

I’ve been wearing my Nisolo shoes for many years and can attest to their quality and durability.

That said, the brand has recently turned over to new ownership and now has significantly less information about their sustainability and ethics in their supply chain. I will be keeping a close eye on this brand to see if it continues to uphold the values Nisolo has long held.

Conscious Qualities: LWG-Certified, Artisan Handcrafted

Size Range: US 5-11
Price: $138 – $198

Tan square toe Mary Jane made from certified responsible leather

👗 For More Slow Fashion Content:

You May Also Want to Check Out:

The Best Affordable Ethical Fashion Brands

Responsibly Made Vegan Shoe Brands

15 Brands with Ethical Boots to Rock this Fall (and Beyond)

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