The 2024 edition of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Climate Change and Nuclear Power report has been released. It emphasizes the need to significantly boost investments in nuclear energy to meet global climate goals.
The report, launched during the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) in Brazil, provides a detailed roadmap for expanding nuclear power and underscores its crucial role in helping countries achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
How Nuclear Power Could Transform Global Energy
With climate change and energy security concerns intensifying, countries are increasingly looking toward nuclear power as a viable solution. The report highlights that, to reach net zero emissions by mid-century, a rapid expansion of clean energy technologies is essential.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that achieving net zero carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by 2050 will demand annual energy sector investments of $4.7–$5 trillion from 2030 to 2050. This represents a significant increase compared to the $2.8 trillion invested in 2023.
The IEA also projects that achieving net zero by 2050 will require more than doubling the installed capacity of nuclear power. This aligns with the IAEA’s high-case scenario, which, while not a direct net zero pathway, shows similar growth.
In this case, nuclear energy is expected to play a key role, contributing to a diverse and resilient energy mix. According to the IAEA’s high-case scenario, nuclear power capacity needs to increase by 2.5x its current levels by 2050.

This would provide a reliable source of low-carbon energy, complementing other renewable sources like wind and solar.
The IAEA report stresses that nuclear energy can deliver a steady baseload of clean power, which is particularly important as more intermittent renewable sources come online. This stable power generation can help integrate other renewable energies into the grid more effectively. As such, it ensures that energy supplies remain consistent even when wind or solar resources are low.
Moreover, nuclear power is seen as a critical tool for decarbonizing industrial sectors and supporting advanced energy systems like hydrogen. However, achieving those ambitious nuclear power targets will need substantial investment.
How Much Investment Nuclear Energy Needs
The IAEA estimates that global investment in nuclear energy needs to increase to $125 billion annually. This is up from the current investment of around $50 billion per year between 2017 and 2023. The funding is necessary to build new reactors, upgrade existing infrastructure, and ensure safe operation.
Such a shift is deemed essential for meeting the IAEA’s high-case projection for nuclear capacity expansion by 2050.
For a more aspirational goal of tripling nuclear capacity, which over 20 countries pledged to pursue at COP28, annual investment would need to reach upwards of $150 billion.

These funds would support three key actions crucial for achieving nuclear power capacity goals:
- the construction of new nuclear power plants,
- the development of advanced reactor technologies, and
- the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs).
SMRs are particularly attractive for emerging markets and developing countries due to their smaller size, lower upfront costs, and potential for use in remote areas.
IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi highlighted that while nuclear power plants are cost-competitive and affordable over their long operational lifespans, securing the necessary upfront capital remains a challenge. This is especially true in market-driven economies and developing nations, where access to financing can be limited.
Grossi further noted that:
“The private sector will increasingly need to contribute to financing, but so too will other institutions. The IAEA is engaging multilateral development banks to highlight their potential role in making sure that developing countries have more and better financing options when it comes to investing in nuclear energy.”
Unlocking Private Sector Financing
The report also explores strategies to unlock private-sector finance, a topic that has gained significant attention worldwide.
Last month, during New York Climate Week, 14 major financial institutions, including some of the world’s largest banks, expressed their readiness to support nuclear power projects. These institutions recognize the potential of nuclear energy in achieving climate goals and are willing to contribute to financing new-build projects.
The financial community’s growing interest in nuclear energy is partly driven by recent developments in sustainable finance frameworks. The European Union’s (EU) taxonomy for sustainable activities, which includes nuclear power, has opened the door for new funding opportunities.
- In 2023, the first green bonds for nuclear projects were issued in Finland and France – a significant milestone in sustainable nuclear financing.
These developments show a growing recognition that nuclear energy can be a sustainable part of the clean energy transition. By including nuclear power in green finance frameworks, countries can attract more investment to support new projects and refurbish existing reactors.
To bridge the financing gap, the IAEA’s report emphasizes the need for policy reforms and international cooperation. It suggests that countries must develop strong regulatory frameworks and new delivery models to make nuclear projects more attractive to investors.
Additionally, fostering partnerships between governments, financial institutions, and the private sector is essential for mobilizing the necessary capital.
Addressing the Challenges Ahead
Despite the promising outlook, the IAEA’s 2024 report acknowledges the challenges in expanding nuclear power, including:
- the need for skilled labor,
- supply chain development, and
- stakeholder engagement to ensure that new projects are implemented smoothly.
The report also notes the importance of public acceptance and community engagement in advancing nuclear energy projects. In particular, transparent communication about the safety, environmental benefits, and economic impact of nuclear power is essential to gain public support and overcome misconceptions about nuclear technology.
Ultimately, the report highlights that a successful transition to a global clean energy mix will require unlocking the full potential of nuclear power with the right investments and collaboration.
The post $125 Billion Annual Boost in Nuclear Power Needed to Hit Net Zero, IAEA Says appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Climate Impact Partners Unveils High-Quality Carbon Credits from Sabah Rainforest in Malaysia
The voluntary carbon market is changing. Buyers are no longer focused only on large volumes of cheap credits. Instead, they want projects with strong science, long-term monitoring, and clear proof that carbon has truly been removed from the atmosphere. That shift is drawing more attention to high-integrity, nature-based projects.
One project now gaining that spotlight is the Sabah INFAPRO rainforest rehabilitation project in Malaysia. Climate Impact Partners announced that the project is now issuing verified carbon removal credits, opening access to one of the highest-quality nature-based removals currently available in the global market.
Restoring One of the World’s Richest Rainforest Ecosystems
The project is located in Sabah, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This region is home to tropical dipterocarp rainforest, one of the richest forest ecosystems on Earth. These forests store huge amounts of carbon and support extraordinary biodiversity. Some dipterocarp trees can grow up to 70 meters tall, creating habitat for orangutans, pygmy elephants, gibbons, sun bears, and the critically endangered Sumatran rhino.
However, the forest within the INFAPRO project area was not intact. In the 1980s, selective logging removed many of the most valuable tree species, especially large dipterocarps. That caused serious ecological damage. Once the key mother trees were gone, natural regeneration became much harder. Young seedlings also had to compete with dense vines and shrubs, which slowed the forest’s recovery.
To repair that damage, the INFAPRO project was launched in the Ulu-Segama forestry management unit in eastern Sabah.
- The project has restored more than 25,000 hectares of logged-over rainforest.
- It was developed by Face the Future in cooperation with Yayasan Sabah, while Climate Impact Partners has supported the project and helped bring its credits to market.
Why Sabah’s Carbon Removals are Attracting Attention
What makes Sabah INFAPRO different is not only the size of the restoration effort. It is also the way the project measured carbon gains.

Many forest carbon projects issue credits in annual vintages based on year-by-year growth estimates. Sabah INFAPRO followed a different path. It used a landscape-scale monitoring system and waited until the forest moved through its strongest natural growth period before issuing removal credits.
- This approach gives the credits more weight. Rather than relying mainly on short-term annual estimates, the project measured carbon sequestration over a longer period. That helps show that the forest delivered real, sustained, and measurable carbon removal.
The scientific backing is also unusually strong. Since 2007, the project has maintained nearly 400 permanent monitoring plots. These plots have allowed researchers, independent auditors, and technical specialists to observe the full growth cycle of dipterocarp forest recovery. The result is a large body of field data that supports carbon calculations and strengthens confidence in the credits.
In simple terms, buyers are not just being asked to trust a model. They are being shown years of direct forest monitoring across the project landscape.
Strong Ratings Support Market Confidence
Independent assessment has also lifted the project’s profile. BeZero awarded Sabah INFAPRO an A.pre overall rating and an AA score for permanence. That places the project among the highest-rated Improved Forest Management, or IFM, projects in the world.
The rating reflects several important strengths. First, the project has very low exposure to reversal risk. Second, it has a long and stable operating history. Third, its measured carbon gains align well with peer-reviewed ecological research and independent analysis.
These points matter in today’s market. Buyers have become more cautious after years of debate over the quality of some forest carbon credits. As a result, they now look more closely at durability, transparency, and third-party validation. Sabah INFAPRO’s rating helps answer those concerns and makes the project more attractive to companies looking for credible carbon removal.
The project is also registered with Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard under the name INFAPRO Rehabilitation of Logged-over Dipterocarp Forest in Sabah, Malaysia. That adds another level of market recognition and verification.
A Wider Model for Rainforest Recovery
Sabah INFAPRO also shows why high-quality nature-based projects are about more than carbon alone. The restoration effort supports broader ecological recovery in one of the world’s most important rainforest regions.
Climate Impact Partners said it has worked with project partners to restore degraded areas, run local training programs, carry out monthly forest patrols, and distribute seedlings to support rainforest recovery beyond the project boundary. These efforts help strengthen the wider landscape and expand the project’s environmental impact.
That broader value is becoming more important for buyers. Companies increasingly want projects that support biodiversity, ecosystem health, and local engagement, along with carbon removal. Sabah INFAPRO offers that mix, making it a stronger fit for the market’s shift toward higher-integrity credits.

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Carbon Footprint
Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story
Bitcoin’s recent drop below $70,000 reflects more than short-term market pressure. It signals a deeper shift. The world’s largest cryptocurrency is becoming increasingly tied to global energy markets.
For years, Bitcoin has moved mainly on investor sentiment, adoption trends, and regulation. Today, another force is shaping its direction: the cost of energy.
As oil prices rise and electricity markets tighten, Bitcoin is starting to behave less like a tech asset and more like an energy-dependent system. This shift is changing how investors, analysts, and policymakers understand crypto.
A Global Power Consumer: Inside Bitcoin’s Energy Use
Bitcoin depends on mining, a process that uses powerful computers to verify transactions. These machines run continuously and consume large amounts of electricity.
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration shows Bitcoin mining used between 67 and 240 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity in 2023, with a midpoint estimate of about 120 TWh.

Other estimates place consumption closer to 170 TWh per year in 2025. This accounts for roughly 0.5% of global electricity demand. Recently, as of February 2026, estimates see Bitcoin’s energy use reaching over 200 TWh per year.
That level of energy use is significant. Global electricity demand reached about 27,400 TWh in 2023. Bitcoin’s share may seem small, but it is comparable to the power use of mid-sized countries.
The network also requires steady power. Estimates suggest it draws around 10 gigawatts continuously, similar to several large power plants operating at full capacity. This constant demand makes energy costs central to Bitcoin’s economics.
When Oil Rises, Bitcoin Falls
Bitcoin mining is highly sensitive to electricity prices. Energy is the highest operating cost for miners. When power becomes more expensive, profit margins shrink.
Recent market movements show this link clearly. As oil prices rise and inflation concerns persist, energy costs have increased. At the same time, Bitcoin prices have weakened, falling below the $70,000 level.

This is not a coincidence. Studies show a direct relationship between Bitcoin prices, mining activity, and electricity use. When Bitcoin prices rise, more miners join the network, increasing energy demand. When energy costs rise, less efficient miners may shut down, reducing activity and adding selling pressure.
This creates a feedback loop between crypto and energy markets. Bitcoin is no longer driven only by demand and speculation. It is now influenced by the same forces that affect oil, gas, and power prices.
Cleaner Energy Use Is Growing, but Fossil Fuels Still Matter
Bitcoin’s environmental impact depends on its energy mix. This mix is improving, but it remains uneven.
A 2025 study from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance found that 52.4% of Bitcoin mining now uses sustainable energy. This includes both renewable sources (42.6%) and nuclear power (9.8%). The share has risen significantly from about 37.6% in 2022.
Despite this progress, fossil fuels still account for a large portion of mining energy. Natural gas alone makes up about 38.2%, while coal continues to contribute a smaller share.

This reliance on fossil fuels keeps emissions high. Current estimates suggest Bitcoin produces more than 114 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. That puts it in line with emissions from some industrial sectors.
The shift toward cleaner energy is real, but it is not complete. The pace of change will play a key role in how Bitcoin fits into global climate goals.
Bitcoin’s Climate Debate Intensifies
Bitcoin’s growing energy demand has placed it at the center of ESG discussions. Its impact is often measured through three key areas:
- Total electricity use, which rivals that of entire countries.
- Carbon emissions are estimated at over 100 million tons of CO₂ annually.
- Energy intensity, with a single transaction using large amounts of power.

At the same time, the industry is evolving. Mining companies are adopting more efficient hardware and exploring new energy sources. Some operations use excess renewable power or capture waste energy, such as flare gas from oil fields.
These efforts show progress, but they do not fully address the concerns. The gap between Bitcoin’s energy use and its environmental impact remains a key issue for investors and regulators.
- MUST READ: Bitcoin Price Hits All-Time High Above $126K: ETFs, Market Drivers, and the Future of Digital Gold
Bitcoin Is Becoming Part of the Energy System
Bitcoin mining is now closely integrated with the broader energy system. Operators often choose locations based on access to cheap or excess electricity. This includes areas with strong renewable generation or underused energy resources.
This integration creates both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, mining can support energy systems by using power that might otherwise go to waste. It can also provide flexible demand that helps stabilize grids.
On the other hand, it can increase pressure on local electricity supplies and extend the use of fossil fuels if cleaner options are not available.
In the United States, Bitcoin mining could account for up to 2.3% of total electricity demand in certain scenarios. This highlights how quickly the sector is scaling and how closely it is tied to national energy systems.
Energy Markets Are Now Key to Bitcoin’s Future
Looking ahead, the connection between Bitcoin and energy is expected to grow stronger. The network’s computing power, or hash rate, continues to reach new highs, which typically leads to higher energy use.
Electricity will remain the main cost for miners. This means Bitcoin will continue to respond to changes in energy prices and supply conditions. At the same time, governments are starting to pay closer attention to crypto’s environmental impact, which could shape future regulations.

Some forecasts suggest Bitcoin’s energy use could rise sharply if adoption increases, potentially reaching up to 400 TWh in extreme scenarios. However, cleaner energy systems could reduce the carbon impact over time.
Bitcoin is no longer just a financial asset. It is also a large-scale energy consumer and a growing part of the global power system.
As a result, understanding Bitcoin now requires a broader view. Energy prices, electricity markets, and carbon trends are becoming just as important as market demand and investor sentiment.
The message is clear. As energy markets move, Bitcoin is likely to move with them.
The post Bitcoin Falls as Energy Prices Rise: Why Crypto Is Now an Energy Market Story appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
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