新研究显示，中国来自农业机械的碳排放快速增长，可能会“阻碍”该国实现净零排放的目标。
这项发表在《自然-食品》（Nature Food）期刊上的研究发现，自1985年以来，中国农业机械CO2（二氧化碳）排放量增加了大约七倍。
研究人员利用政府发布的不同时期农机数量统计数据，计算了1985年至2020年期间CO2排放量及其他空气污染物的变化。
他们发现，自1985年以来，农业机械的CO2排放量平均每年增长近6%。
研究指出，按照中国实现2060年净零排放目标的路径，若农业机械化程度按“预期趋势”继续提升，其相关排放在2050年可能占中国总排放量的21%。
作者表示，这可能会使中国实现减排目标更加困难，并导致空气质量“恶化”。
然而，研究还发现，如果广泛采用由可再生能源驱动的农业机械，有望减少65%至70%的相关排放。
一位未参与该研究的专家对Carbon Brief表示，尽管该研究“具有价值”，但农业机械不太可能在总排放量中占到如此高的比例。
“如果中国在减少其他排放源方面取得了快速进展……那么我预计在农业机械的脱碳方面也会取得显著成效。”她说。
农机相关排放
粮食系统大约占人类温室气体排放的三分之一。
这一数字涵盖了与粮食生产相关的所有排放——从因森林砍伐或土地使用变化导致的排放，到奶牛打嗝或粪便释放的甲烷。
这项新研究的数据来自《中国统计年鉴》，后者提供了各种社会经济指标的年度统计数据。研究者从中提取了中国农业机械的数量与功率、机械所用的燃料属性、耕地面积、人口等信息。
除了CO2排放量外，研究者还计算了三种与农业机械相关的空气污染物排放量：PM2.5（细颗粒物）、NOx（氮氧化物）和THC（总烃）。
研究者将农业机械分为四类：小型拖拉机、大型拖拉机、田间管理机械和收割机械。然后，他们计算了每类机械在每一年的CO2、PM2.5、NOx和THC排放量。
下图展示了1985年至2020年研究期间的CO2排放量。图中柱状表示不同类型农业机械的排放量：收割机械（浅蓝色）、田间管理机械（粉色）、小型拖拉机（浅绿色）和大型拖拉机（深绿色）。
他们发现，农业机械CO2排放总量已从1985年的约23MtCO2（1MtCO2=百万吨二氧化碳），增长到2020年的近160MtCO2，年均增长率为5.7%。
这相当于2020年中国总排放量的约1.5%。虽然比例不高，但作者指出，这一排放量实际上超过了部分国家的年排放总量，如荷兰、菲律宾和尼日利亚。
尤其是，大型拖拉机所带来的排放量自2005年以来平稳增长，作者将此归因于“一系列推动大型机械化的政策”。
未参与该研究的中山大学教授覃章才表示，该研究将农业机械排放从更广泛的食品系统中拆分出来“提供了独特的视角”。覃教授表示，该做法“使政策制定者能够在不影响农业生产力的情况下，设计有针对性的干预措施”。
区域分布
研究者还将排放数据细化到省级层面，发现不同地区农业机械排放量差异很大。排放量最低省份仅有约0.1MtCO2，而排放最高的省份则达到17.5MtCO2。
他们发现，中国东部和东北的五个省份——山东、河南、黑龙江、河北和安徽，占农业机械排放总量的40%以上。这些省份合计拥有全国三分之一的耕地面积和约46%的农机总动力。
然而，即使在这些高排放地区之间，机械类型的构成也存在差异，有些省份更依赖大型拖拉机，有些则以田间管理机械为主。
未参与该研究的《Our World in Data》副主编汉娜·里奇（Hannah Ritchie）博士表示，这种次国家级排放分析是该研究的关键进展之一。
里奇博士解释说：“这种排放估算的空间分辨率极具价值，因为在中国这样幅员辽阔的国家，各地排放差异显著。它还为未来在不同机械化程度和低碳技术采纳率下的潜在排放路径，提供了重要的洞见。”
增长因素
研究人员确定了四个推动排放增加的社会经济因素：人口增长、人均耕地面积变化、机械化水平以及排放强度。
下图展示了由排放强度（深蓝色）、机械化水平（浅蓝色）、人均耕地面积（黄色）和人口（橙色）的变化所导致的CO2排放量变化（黑色）。
论文指出，在这些因素中，机械化水平的提升“主导”了排放变化。仅这些变化就导致1985年至2000年间排放量增加了约100%。
研究指出，人口增长也是研究区间早期农业机械排放量增长的重要驱动力，但自2000年以来，这一因素的影响有所减弱。
相比之下，作者指出，排放强度的上升总体上反而促使排放减少；而“耕作压力”在研究初期推动了排放上升，但自2000年起则转而起到抑制排放的作用。
碳排放目标
作者指出，根据现行政策，中国致力于“到2035年主要农作物生产实现全过程机械化”。
因此，他们警告称，若农业机械化持续增长且未加遏制，可能会对中国实现“双碳”目标构成挑战。（“双碳”目标指的是中国承诺在2030年前实现碳达峰，并在2060年前实现碳中和。）
作者指出，有效减排需在短期和长期分别采取不同策略，并强调从短期可用性来看，“生物燃料和天然气将在未来十年发挥重要作用”。
作者还认为，从长远来看，可再生能源以及绿氢“具有最大的减排潜力”。
此前研究表明，使用自动化设备、电动拖拉机和可再生能源可以减少90%的农业排放。
里奇表示，她“对农业机械的相对（排放量占比）在2050年能达到20%持一定怀疑态度”。
她补充道：“这基于一个假设，即这些排放大多不会减少，而其他大多数行业排放迅速下降。但如果中国在减少其他排放源，包括卡车等更大型的道路运输排放和其他农业排放方面取得快速进展……那么我预计在农业机械的脱碳方面也会取得显著成效。”
The post 中国农机排放量上升或“阻碍”净零目标实现 appeared first on Carbon Brief.
https://www.carbonbrief.org/translations-rising-emissions-from-farm-equipment-could-hinder-chinas-net-zero-goals/
But a $345 million U.S. verdict against the environmental group hangs over the case.
A lawsuit filed by Greenpeace International against the U.S.-based fossil fuel company Energy Transfer in the Netherlands is moving forward after a Dutch court recently ruled in favor of the environmental organization in rejecting the company’s bid to toss out the case.
Greenpeace’s Dutch Anti-SLAPP Case Against Oil Pipeline Giant Advances
Go behind the scenes with executive editor Vernon Loeb and oceans correspondent Teresa Tomassoni as they discuss the search for heat-resilient coral reefs that are somehow defying the odds to survive a warming planet.
The world has already lost more than half of its coral reefs, and most of what remains is at risk of disappearing in the next 25 years.
Climate Change
DeBriefed 19 June 2026: Bonn talks end in ‘gridlock’ | Energy’s ‘new era’ | Oceans in climate negotiations
Welcome to Carbon Brief’s DeBriefed.
An essential guide to the week’s key developments relating to climate change.
This week
Bonn talks close
‘SIDE-STEPPING AND STALLING’: UN climate talks in Bonn have ended in “gridlock”, according to Climate Home News. The outlet reported on the failure to balance developing countries’ need for climate-adaptation finance with “richer nations’ desire to move forward” on emissions cuts. It added that both topics were subject to “rule 16”, meaning no agreement could be reached and work will be pushed to the COP31 summit in Turkey. Inside Climate News quoted UN climate executive secretary Simon Stiell, who said the talks had seen “side-stepping and stalling”.
JUST TRANSITION: One “glimmer of hope” came from negotiations on achieving a “just transition”, reported Euronews. The news outlet said negotiators “made headway on operationalising the Belém-Antalya mechanism”, intended to support people in the shift to a low-carbon economy. However, Politico concluded that much of the focus in Bonn had “shift[ed] to efforts outside diplomatic talks – raising questions about the future of global climate negotiations”.
‘ATTACKING SCIENCE’: Agence France-Presse reported on the EU, Switzerland and “dozens of developing nations” warning of “attacks on science” by a “small group of fossil-fuels interests” in Bonn. Table Briefings explained that “the 1.5C target is increasingly being challenged” and the role of the UN climate-science panel – the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – in an upcoming assessment of global climate progress “remains controversial”. See Carbon Brief’s full write-up of the talks for more detail.
US-Iran deal
PRICE DROP: The US and Iran announced that they have reached an interim agreement to halt the war and reopen the strait of Hormuz, reported Bloomberg. Oil prices have fallen, as the “long-awaited deal” began the process of “eas[ing]” the global energy crisis triggered by the conflict, according to the New York Times. The Associated Press noted that high fuel prices will “likely outlast the Iran war”.
‘OIL GLUT’: The Financial Times reported that the International Energy Agency (IEA) has forecast a “glut of oil” emerging next year, if the peace deal holds. The IEA said this would allow countries to build new strategic reserves, as they “review their energy strategies and policies in response to the crisis”, according to Reuters.
‘NEW ERA’: Agence France-Presse reported that oil and gas companies have “few illusions about a return to normal for the Gulf energy industry after more than three months of blockage”. One analyst told the newswire that the war “showed the oil and gas industry that Hormuz risk is no longer just a geopolitical headline”.
Around the world
- OCEAN MONITOR: The Trump administration is “abandoning its plan” to dismantle a $368m ocean monitoring system key for tracking climate change after a “bipartisan backlash on Capitol Hill”, reported the New York Times.
- CORAL HAVEN: The New York Times covered preliminary research, presented at the Our Ocean Conference in Kenya, suggesting there could be three times as many “coral refugia” – where corals are relatively safe from climate change – than previously thought.
- BAD CREDIT: Down to Earth reported that the first carbon credits issued under the Paris Agreement’s new Article 6.4 mechanism are “facing scrutiny over alleged links to institutions controlled by Myanmar’s military junta”.
- OIL BACKTRACK: Reuters reported that oil-and-gas company Equinor has dropped a renewable-energy target and scaled back clean investments, while another Reuters story noted that Shell is selling off its offshore wind assets.
1.1 billion
The number of children facing “at least three overlapping climate hazards”, according to a new Unicef report covered by Agence France-Presse.
Latest climate research
- Including the “permafrost carbon-climate feedback” in climate models increases the chance of exceeding “tipping elements” – such as the Greenland ice sheets, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation or Amazon rainforest – by up to 50% | Environmental Research Letters
- The intensity of influenza outbreaks could decline in temperate regions, but increase in tropical areas over the next century, as the climate warms | PNAS Nexus
- European snow cover has declined by 20% for December and January since the start of the industrial era, revealing an “unprecedented ongoing shrinkage of European winters” | Communications Earth & Environment
(For more, see Carbon Brief’s in-depth daily summaries of the top climate news stories on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.)
Captured
The more than 2m battery electric vehicles (BEVs), 1m “plug-in” hybrids (PHEVs) and 100,000 electric vans on UK roads are already saving drivers a total of around £3bn a year, according to new Carbon Brief analysis. This amounts to savings of more than £1,100 a year in fuel costs for each BEV driver in the UK. The analysis comes amid reports in UK media this week that the government is considering “watering down” its EV sales targets.
Spotlight
Oceans rising at UN climate talks
The state of the world’s oceans is inextricably linked to the changing climate – and many delegates at UN climate talks want to see more focus on this issue, reports Carbon Brief.
Oceans are often described as the world’s “greatest ally” against climate change – absorbing 30% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and most of the heat generated by those emissions.
They are also the site of important climate solutions, such as huge offshore windfarms and the shipping industry’s transition to cleaner fuels.
At the same time, the oceans themselves present a growing danger to coastal communities and sea life due to sea level rise, marine heatwaves and ocean acidification.
These diverse issues have led to growing calls within the UN climate process for more focus on oceans. During climate negotiations this week in Bonn – known as SB64 – nations and civil society had a chance to air these views during an “ocean and climate change dialogue”.
‘Elevate action’
Oceans first entered UN climate outcomes in 2019, when the final COP25 negotiated text requested a new “dialogue” on “the ocean and climate change to consider how to strengthen mitigation and adaptation action”.
The following years saw this dialogue established as an annual event. However, the political weight of these discussions has been limited.
COP31 is being co-led by Turkey and Australia, but with Pacific islands playing a supporting role. These small islands sometimes self-identify as “large ocean states”, stressing the ocean’s centrality in their societies.
In Bonn, figures from across the presidency threw their weight behind this issue. Chris Bowen, an Australian minister and incoming COP31 “president of negotiations”, told attendees:
“Australia, Turkey and the Pacific see an important opportunity to elevate ocean-based climate action.”
Strategies and finance
The two-day dialogue in Bonn involved a series of panels, statements and breakout groups.
One of the main topics was how oceans are integrated into national climate plans under the Paris Agreement, known as “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs).
Three-quarters of the latest round of NDCs mention oceans, with conservation of “blue carbon” ecosystems the most frequently described action. (Landscapes such as mangroves can both absorb CO2 and protect coastal areas.)
Delegates also discussed alignment with the UN biodiversity process, as well as ocean finance, which currently makes up less than 1% of all climate finance.
(As discussions were taking place in Bonn, country officials also gathered in Mombasa, Kenya for the 11th Our Ocean Conference. Carbon Brief’s associate editor Giuliana Viglione attended the conference and will publish a full summary shortly.)
Developing countries were clear that many of the ocean-related actions in their NDCs would depend on receiving more financial support.
‘Political momentum’
With the backing of the COP31 presidency, delegates were hopeful about where this year’s dialogue could lead.
Charles Hamilton, an advisor for the Bahamas who spoke for the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) in the dialogue, told Carbon Brief that island representatives “are not traveling thousands of miles to just talk and pat ourselves on the back”. He added:
“A dialogue that just remains a dialogue is just more talk – no action.”
Given that, he said “discussions in the dialogue must move into COP decisions and the decisions must be actioned”, noting the importance of finance.
Marina Corrêa, oceans lead at WWF-Brazil, pointed to an upcoming UN climate change Standing Committee on Finance forum as a space to ramp up pressure on ocean finance.
More broadly, she wanted to see the presidencies translate their support into a “leader-level ocean initiative” that could “mainstream” oceans across negotiations.
“We have a really interesting opportunity, in terms of political momentum,” Corrêa told Carbon Brief.
Watch, read, listen
‘HOTTER THAN HELL’: An episode of the BBC’s Rare Earth podcast titled “hotter than hell” considered the issue of extreme heat, with input from experts and “people facing up to the hottest temperatures on the planet”.
NOT BROKEN?: John Drake, a professor of ecology at the University of Georgia, wrote an essay for Aeon – also re-published as a Guardian “long read” – questioning the framing of ecosystems and climate systems “breaking down”.
ON COURSE: On his Volts podcast, US climate journalist David Roberts interviewed UK climate minister Katie White, quizzing her about whether the UK will “stay the course with its climate plans”.
Coming up
- 20-28 June: London climate action week
- 21 June: Colombia presidential runoff
- 24 June: UK Climate Change Committee progress in reducing emissions 2026 report to parliament
Pick of the jobs
- Mongabay, managing editor – Africa | Salary: Unknown. Location: Global
- Contexte, environment reporter – Brussels | Salary: €45,000-€60,000. Location: Brussels
- Climate 200, communications director | Salary: Unknown. Location: Australia
- Energy Tracker Asia, energy transition correspondent | Salary: $3,000-$4,000 per month. Location: South-east Asia (remote)
DeBriefed is edited by Daisy Dunne. Please send any tips or feedback to debriefed@carbonbrief.org.
This is an online version of Carbon Brief’s weekly DeBriefed email newsletter. Subscribe for free here.
The post DeBriefed 19 June 2026: Bonn talks end in ‘gridlock’ | Energy’s ‘new era’ | Oceans in climate negotiations appeared first on Carbon Brief.
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