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A Thai electric bus operator announced the sale of the initial carbon offsets under a new system established by the Paris Agreement to a Swiss fossil fuel group. Their deal marks a significant milestone in the implementation of the 8-year-old United Nations climate accord.

The Paris Agreement, formulated in 2015, permits governments and corporations to offset a portion of their greenhouse gas emissions by funding initiatives that mitigate climate pollutants elsewhere. 

These offsets are converted into carbon credits, each representing the reduction of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. 

Unlocking Carbon Offsets with Thailand’s Electric Bus

In December, Switzerland’s KliK Foundation, representing fuel importers, finalized the inaugural purchase of 1,916 carbon credits from Thailand’s Energy Absolute. This groundbreaking transaction demonstrates the potential of a nascent market for carbon credits.

Switzerland stands out as an avid supporter of bilateral credit trading as stipulated in article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The recent transaction is part of a broader pact inked between Switzerland and Thailand in the first months of 2023.

Although the credits obtained will eventually be used in government strategies, private entities are responsible for executing the project. South Pole, a prominent Swiss firm recognized as one of the global leaders in trading carbon credits, coordinated the project. The seller has encountered controversy in the past year, stirring discussions and debate within the industry.

Energy Absolute is responsible for generating the credits by deploying a fleet of 4,000 electric buses in Bangkok. The electric units replace the conventional petrol-fueled vehicles, avoiding the release of CO2 which produces the offsets.

Thailand electric vehicle
Image from Nation Thailand

Though the exact value of the credits sold wasn’t disclosed, the Thai firm said that the credit price exceeded $30. Their partnership is shaping the Paris Agreement market, pending finalization of the UN rules at COP28 in Dubai last year. 

The evolving nature of these regulations means that both Energy Absolute and KliK, along with regulators in their respective countries, can influence this burgeoning market. However, it also presents the risk of needing to revise their agreement once the final UN rules are out. 

Switzerland’s Emission Trading Strategy

KliK’s managing director, Marco Berg, emphasized the complexities involved in being pioneers in this area, citing substantial effort and costs. 

The Swiss government mandated fuel importers to offset a progressively increasing percentage of their emissions. They can do that either domestically or through Paris Agreement-compliant credits, leading KliK to engage in this transaction.

KliK has committed to purchasing offsets for up to 1.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions until 2030 from Energy Absolute. That’s only a fraction of the 20 million credits it expects to purchase by the decade’s close.

  • In comparison, Switzerland aims to offset roughly 40 million Mt of CO2 abroad through 2030 to fulfill its climate objectives.

Despite their utility, some environmental advocates criticize carbon offsets, contending that they promote pollution instead of focusing on its eradication. 

They doubted the integrity of the credits, claiming they’re not additional, meaning the project would still pursue without the offsets. 

But an independent carbon market consultant, Mischa Classen, disputed the claim. Classen noted that Thailand lacks a specific policy directive that supports private bus operators in transitioning to electric vehicles. 

Moreover, a spokesperson representing the Klik Foundation said that the additionality issue is purely speculation. They further noted that Energy Absolute relies on the financial backing provided through the purchase of credits to ensure the project’s viability.

Additionally, a spokesperson from the Swiss Federal Office of the Environment (FOEN) emphasized that only offsets leading to additional emissions reductions would receive approval. They highlighted that thorough verifications are conducted in collaboration with the environmental authority of the host country. 

Overcoming Paris Agreement Roadblocks

Despite ongoing uncertainties regarding the regulatory framework governing this mechanism, Switzerland persists in advancing these agreements.

Discussions about article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement faced a deadlock during COP28 due to a contentious disagreement over carbon offset integrity. The European Union advocated for stringent regulations, while the USA pushed for greater flexibility. 

Although negotiators aim to broker an agreement during COP29 in November, countries have the liberty to proceed with their agreements under the initial rulebook formulated in Glasgow.

Classen underscores that Switzerland’s inaugural transaction contributes positively to the growing consensus among nations with genuine interest in Article 6. He added:

“It is the final result of a long, hard process and it is not a decision you can just switch on or off. You need well-designed bilateral agreements setting minimum standards and a lot of political labor to establish carbon market regulations. The case of Thailand shows that it’s possible.”

Anticipating a substantial portion of its emission reductions by 2030 to be achieved through overseas projects, the Swiss government continues its efforts in this direction.

The post Thai-Swiss Deal Sets Paris Agreement Carbon Offsets in Action appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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Building global awareness: Green Earth’s outreach to independent analysts and commentators

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At Green Earth Group N.V. (Euronext Amsterdam: EARTH, ISIN: NL0009169515), we are committed to engineering possibilities for a greener planet with a mission to make regeneration scalable and investable for people and the planet. We are a leading end-to-end developer of high-quality, large-scale nature-based solutions that restore ecosystems and improve livelihoods.

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Boeing Locks In 40,000 Tons of Carbon Removal Credits in Major Biochar Climate Deal

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Boeing Locks In 40,000 Tons of Carbon Removal Credits in Major Biochar Climate Deal

Aerospace giant Boeing has signed a multi-year agreement with carbon removal platform Carbonfuture to purchase at least 40,000 tonnes of durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) credits. The deal ranks among the largest carbon removal procurements in the aviation sector so far.

The carbon credits will come from a portfolio of biochar carbon removal projects, mainly located across the Global South. Biochar is created by heating plant material in a low-oxygen environment. The process converts biomass into a stable form of carbon that can be stored in soil for long periods.

Carbonfuture will track each credit using its digital monitoring system. The platform records the entire carbon removal process—from biochar production to soil application. It also verifies ownership of the credits.

The agreement helps Boeing tackle emissions that technology or fuel changes can’t eliminate yet. The company plans to apply these credits to Scope 3 emissions linked to business travel.

Allison Melia, VP Global Enterprise Sustainability, Boeing, said:

“To support long-term global demand for air travel, the aviation industry has set goals to reduce emissions. We’re excited to team up with Carbonfuture to support technological innovation in carbon removals to help meet these needs.”

This partnership reflects a broader shift in corporate climate strategies. Many industries now combine emissions reductions with carbon removal to manage their climate impact.

Why Aviation Is Turning to Carbon Removal

Decarbonizing aviation is difficult. Aircraft can last for decades, and alternatives like hydrogen planes or fully electric aircraft are still years away from wide use.

The aviation sector produces around 2–3% of global carbon dioxide emissions, based on research from energy and industry studies. When scientists look at the warming effects of contrails and other non-CO₂ emissions, aviation’s climate impact gets bigger.

Airline aviation sector ghg emissions 2024 IATA
Source: IATA

Demand for flights also continues to grow. Rising global travel has offset many efficiency improvements in aircraft design and operations.

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is one promising solution. However, SAF still accounts for less than 1% of global jet fuel supply and often costs two to ten times more than conventional jet fuel.

SAF supply forecast 2030

Because of these limits, aviation companies are turning to carbon removal technologies. These systems physically remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere rather than simply avoiding emissions.

Boeing’s deal with Carbonfuture shows how carbon removal can complement other decarbonization strategies.

Biochar Carbon Removal: Turning Biomass Into Long-Term Carbon Storage

The credits in Boeing’s deal come from biochar-based carbon removal projects. Biochar forms through a process called pyrolysis. Organic waste, such as crop residues or forestry by-products, is heated in a low-oxygen environment. This converts the biomass into a carbon-rich charcoal.

biochar carbon market snapshot 2025

When biochar is added to soil, it can store carbon for hundreds of years while improving soil health and water retention.

The projects in Boeing’s agreement also provide environmental benefits beyond carbon storage. Biochar can increase soil fertility, improve crop yields, and support agricultural resilience in regions facing land degradation.

Carbonfuture’s digital platform tracks every stage of the carbon removal process. This monitoring system aims to increase transparency and trust in carbon credit markets.

High-quality verification matters. Voluntary carbon markets have faced criticism for weak oversight and questionable offset projects.

Inside Boeing’s Emissions Footprint and Net-Zero Strategy

The carbon removal agreement is part of Boeing’s broader sustainability strategy. Like many aerospace companies, the aerospace giant faces large emissions from its value chain. Most of its climate impact comes from Scope 3 emissions. These include airline aircraft operations and other indirect activities.

Boeing’s total carbon footprint is estimated at around 374 million metric tons of CO₂ equivalent for 2024. Of this, about 373 million tons are from Scope 3 sources.

Direct emissions from Boeing operations are much smaller. The company reported about 517,000 tons of Scope 1 emissions and 464,000 tons of Scope 2 emissions from purchased electricity.

Because Scope 3 emissions dominate aviation’s footprint, companies must work across the entire ecosystem. That includes airlines, fuel suppliers, airports, and aircraft manufacturers.

Boeing plan to decarbonize aerospace

The ariplane maker says its strategy focuses on four main areas:

  • improving aircraft fuel efficiency,
  • supporting sustainable aviation fuel development,
  • advancing new propulsion technologies, and
  • using carbon removal for residual emissions.

Carbon removal purchases help address emissions that cannot yet be eliminated through technological change.

Corporate Demand Is Fueling the Carbon Removal Market

Boeing’s deal also reflects rapid growth in the carbon removal market. Corporate demand for carbon dioxide removal has expanded in recent years. Many companies now view durable removals as a key tool for meeting net-zero climate targets.

Recent data shows that high-durability carbon removal credits hit nearly 8 million metric tons in 2024. This is up from about 2.4 million tons in 2023. That’s a jump of around 233% in just one year, according to CDR.fyi.

Analysts expect carbon removal demand to rise sharply over the next decade as climate targets tighten. BCG estimates that annual demand for carbon removal might hit 40–200 million tons of CO₂ by 2030. It could grow further to 80–900 million tons by 2040 as more companies commit to net-zero goals.

New technologies such as biochar, direct air capture, and mineralization are gaining attention from investors and large corporate buyers.

Early demand will likely come from voluntary corporate buyers. These buyers could make up about 90% of carbon removal purchases soon as companies are looking for high-quality solutions to tackle hard-to-eliminate emissions.

Large technology companies such as Alphabet, Stripe, and Microsoft currently dominate the market. Microsoft alone purchased about 5.1 million tons of durable carbon removal credits in 2024, representing around 63% of total market demand.

Earlier, Boeing signed another major removal agreement with carbon removal firm Charm Industrial. That deal targeted up to 100,000 tons of CO₂ removal, showing the company’s growing interest in durable climate solutions.

Aviation’s Net-Zero Path: Fuel Innovation Meets Carbon Removal

The Boeing–Carbonfuture agreement highlights a growing trend in hard-to-abate industries. Aviation, steel, shipping, and cement all face similar challenges. These sectors depend on energy-dense fuels and long-lived infrastructure.

Because of this, companies are exploring multiple climate strategies at once. These include:

  • new aircraft designs,
  • sustainable aviation fuels,
  • operational efficiency improvements, and
  • carbon removal technologies.

Durable carbon removal is increasingly viewed as a bridge solution. It can help manage emissions while new technologies mature.

As global air travel grows, airlines and aircraft makers will face more pressure. They need to show clear paths for decarbonization.

Scaling Climate Solutions for Hard-to-Abate Sectors

Boeing’s carbon removal partnership with Carbonfuture marks an important step in aviation’s evolving climate strategy. The agreement will secure at least 40,000 tonnes of durable carbon removal credits, making it one of the largest such deals in the aerospace sector.

Carbon removal won’t solve aviation’s emissions issue by itself. However, it can support fuel innovation, improve efficiency, and help with cleaner energy systems.

As industries move toward net-zero targets, carbon removal markets are likely to grow rapidly. For companies across transportation, the path to a low-carbon future will rely on a mix of technological breakthroughs and credible climate solutions.

The post Boeing Locks In 40,000 Tons of Carbon Removal Credits in Major Biochar Climate Deal appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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Apple Beats ‘Carbon Neutral’ Lawsuit, But Greenwashing Scrutiny Is Heating Up

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Apple Beats ‘Carbon Neutral’ Lawsuit, But Greenwashing Scrutiny Is Heating Up

A U.S. federal judge has dismissed a proposed class-action lawsuit accusing Apple of misleading consumers with “carbon neutral” marketing for several Apple Watch models. The case targeted the Apple Watch Series 9, Apple Watch SE, and Apple Watch Ultra 2. Plaintiffs said the company exaggerated the environmental benefits of the watches. They claimed Apple relied on carbon offset projects that did not truly cancel the products’ emissions.

Seven buyers filed the lawsuit in February 2025 in federal court in California. They argued they would not have bought the watches, or would have paid less, if they knew the details of Apple’s carbon accounting.

In February 2026, U.S. District Judge Noël Wise dismissed the case. The court ruled the complaint lacked strong evidence showing Apple’s carbon-neutral claims were false or misleading. Wise said:

“At this juncture, the court has a narrow question to consider: have plaintiffs plausibly alleged that Apple’s claims of carbon neutrality are false? Because the court finds that the answer to that question is no, Apple’s motion to dismiss is granted.”

The ruling gives Apple an early legal win. But it also highlights growing scrutiny of corporate climate marketing.

How Apple Calculates a “Zero-Emission” Watch

Apple launched its first carbon-neutral devices in September 2023. The company said the Apple Watch models achieved neutrality through a mix of emissions reductions and carbon offsets.

For example, Apple estimates the lifecycle carbon footprint of a carbon-neutral watch model at about 8.1 kg of CO₂-equivalent emissions per device before offsets. After applying carbon credits, Apple says the net footprint becomes 0 kg CO₂e.

The tech giant says it lowers emissions by:

  • using recycled materials,
  • increasing renewable electricity in manufacturing,
  • improving product efficiency, and
  • reducing shipping emissions.

Any remaining emissions are offset through environmental projects.

The lawsuit challenged two offset projects tied to Apple’s claims. One project protects forests in Kenya’s Chyulu Hills, while another supports reforestation efforts in China. Critics argued such projects may not always deliver additional carbon reductions.

The court did not rule on the scientific debate over offsets. Instead, it said the plaintiffs failed to show Apple’s claims were clearly deceptive.

The Tech Giant’s 2030 Net-Zero Roadmap

Apple’s carbon-neutral watches are part of a larger climate plan known as “Apple 2030.” The company aims to make its entire business, supply chain, and product lifecycle carbon neutral by 2030.

Apple carbon neutral to 2030 pathway
Source: Apple

The iPhone maker has made progress toward that goal. The company says its global greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by more than 60% compared with 2015 levels.

In 2024, Apple reported a total carbon footprint of about 16.5 million metric tons of CO₂-equivalent emissions across its operations and supply chain. That figure represented a decline from the previous year.

apple carbon emissions 2024
Source: Apple

Most of Apple’s emissions come from Scope 3 sources, including manufacturing and product use. To address that, it works closely with suppliers. The company reports that 17.8 gigawatts of renewable electricity are now operating in its global supply chain. Those projects helped avoid about 21.8 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 alone.

Apple has also increased recycled materials in its products. About 24% of the materials used in Apple devices in 2024 came from recycled or renewable sources. These efforts are central to the company’s climate strategy.

Greenwashing on Trial: Climate Claims Face Legal Tests

Even though Apple won the U.S. case, climate lawsuits are rising worldwide. Greenwashing claims typically challenge marketing statements such as:

  • “carbon neutral”
  • “net zero”
  • “climate friendly”

These terms can involve complex carbon accounting that consumers may not fully understand.

Apple has faced legal pressure outside the United States as well. A court in Frankfurt, Germany ruled in 2025 that Apple could not advertise the Apple Watch as “CO₂-neutral” in Germany. The court said the claim could mislead consumers under local competition law.

European regulators are also tightening rules on environmental claims. New EU consumer protection rules will restrict vague labels like “carbon neutral” in advertising beginning in 2026. These legal developments could reshape how companies communicate climate progress.

Big Tech Emissions: Clean Energy vs. Rising Power Demand

The Apple case reflects a larger trend in the technology sector. Tech companies are under growing pressure to cut emissions as demand for digital services rises.

Data centers, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence require massive amounts of electricity. As a result, technology firms are investing heavily in renewable energy and carbon removal projects.

Apple’s progress contrasts with some peers whose emissions have risen due to expanding AI infrastructure. Apple still emitted about 15.3 million metric tons of CO₂ in 2024, but that figure is far below its 2015 baseline of 38.4 million tons.

At the same time, clean energy adoption is growing globally. The rapid expansion of renewable power also supports other low-carbon industries, including electric vehicles.

Apple’s Clean Energy Capacity by Year

Companies such as Tesla rely heavily on the decarbonization of electricity systems. The climate benefit of electric cars increases when power grids shift toward renewable energy.

Global electric vehicle adoption is rising quickly. According to the International Energy Agency, EVs represented about 20% of global car sales in 2024, compared with 18% in 2023 and just 4% in 2020. That growth is expected to continue as governments strengthen climate policies and consumers adopt cleaner transportation.

Technology companies and automakers both depend on credible climate strategies to maintain investor confidence.

The Role of Carbon Credits in Corporate Climate Plans

Carbon credits remain a key tool for many companies pursuing net-zero goals. Apple increased its use of carbon credits in 2024, retiring about 737,100 tons of CO₂-equivalent offsets—its highest level to date.

Carbon offsets support several projects such as:

  • forest protection,
  • reforestation,
  • methane capture, and
  • renewable energy development.

However, the quality of carbon credits has become a major issue in climate policy.

Some researchers argue that certain nature-based credits may overestimate their climate impact. Others say these projects are essential for protecting ecosystems and funding conservation. The debate is likely to intensify as more corporations adopt net-zero targets.

A Legal Win, but Climate Claims Under the Microscope

Apple’s victory in the U.S. greenwashing lawsuit marks an important moment in the evolving field of climate litigation. The court ruled that the plaintiffs did not present enough evidence to prove the tech giant’s carbon-neutral claims were misleading.

However, the case also shows how closely corporate climate messaging is now examined. Companies across technology, energy, and transportation sectors face growing pressure to show real emissions reductions and transparent reporting.

As the clean-energy transition accelerates, and industries from consumer electronics to electric vehicles expand, clear standards for climate claims will become increasingly important.

For Apple and other global companies, the challenge is not only reducing emissions but also proving those reductions in ways that stand up to scientific, legal, and public scrutiny.

The post Apple Beats ‘Carbon Neutral’ Lawsuit, But Greenwashing Scrutiny Is Heating Up appeared first on Carbon Credits.

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