Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Landscape in Europe
The European aviation industry is facing the challenge of reducing its environmental impact, and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is seen as one of the most promising solutions.
SAF is a drop-in fuel that can be used in existing aircraft engines without any modifications, but it is produced from renewable sources such as biomass, waste oils, and even captured CO2. This means that SAF can significantly reduce the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of aviation compared to conventional fossil jet fuel.
What it Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) ?
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is an alternative fuel for airplanes that reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional jet fuel. It’s made from renewable sources like plant oils, waste fats, and even captured carbon dioxide, all of which can be processed into a fuel that has similar properties to conventional jet fuel.
Here’s a breakdown of SAF:
- A drop-in fuel, meaning it can be used in existing aircraft engines without any modifications.
- Made from renewable sources like:
- Biomass: jatropha, algae, switchgrass
- Waste oils: used cooking oil, animal fats
- Captured carbon dioxide: air capture or industrial waste streams
SAF is a promising solution for reducing the environmental impact of aviation. With continued investment and innovation, SAF has the potential to play a major role in decarbonizing the aviation sector and helping to meet climate goals.
Here’s a snapshot of the current SAF landscape in Europe:
- Policy and Regulation: The European Commission has proposed a blending mandate for SAF, requiring that 2% of all jet fuel supplied at EU airports must be SAF by 2025, rising to 63% by 2050. This is expected to create a significant market for SAF and drive investment in production capacity.
- Production and Capacity: Currently, the production of SAF in Europe is limited, with a maximum potential capacity of around 0.24 million tonnes per year. This is only about 10% of the amount needed to meet the proposed blending mandate by 2030. However, several new SAF production facilities are planned or under construction, and the industry is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years.
- Cost and Availability: SAF is currently more expensive than conventional jet fuel, due to the higher costs of production and feedstocks. However, the cost is expected to decrease as production scales up and new technologies are developed. The availability of SAF is also limited, but it is becoming increasingly available at major airports in Europe.
- Challenges and Opportunities: Some of the challenges facing the SAF industry in Europe include the need for further investment in production capacity, the development of a robust regulatory framework, and the need to ensure the sustainability of feedstocks. However, there are also many opportunities for the industry, such as the potential to create new jobs and green growth, and to contribute to the decarbonization of the aviation sector.
The SAF landscape in Europe is evolving rapidly, and the future looks promising. With the right policies and investments, SAF has the potential to play a major role in reducing the environmental impact of aviation in Europe.
Number of Sustainable Aviation Airlines in Europe
To give you the most comprehensive picture of airlines in Europe engaged in sustainable aviation practices, I’ve combined the three approaches from my previous answer:
1. Airlines actively using and promoting SAF:
- Major Airlines: Lufthansa, KLM, Air France, British Airways, SAS (varying levels of SAF use and commitment)
- Sustainability-focused Airlines: Volotea (carbon neutrality by 2050), Icelandair (net-zero by 2041), Finnair (carbon neutrality by 2045)
2. Airlines associated with sustainability organizations:
- Airlines for Europe (A4E): All members use SAF and have net-zero 2050 goals.
- Clean Skies for Tomorrow initiative: Members include airlines, airports, fuel suppliers, and technology companies working to accelerate SAF deployment in Europe.
3. Airlines investing in SAF production and research:
- Lufthansa partnering with Neste on a major SAF production facility in Finland.
Table of Sustainable Aviation Airlines in Europe
Sustainable Aviation Airlines in Europe: A Comparison
| Category | Airlines | Approach to Sustainability | Additional Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major Airlines with SAF Use: | Lufthansa, KLM, Air France, British Airways, SAS | Varying levels of SAF usage & commitment. Not all have net-zero goals. | Focus on increasing SAF usage and investment in production. |
| Sustainability-Focused Airlines: | Volotea, Icelandair, Finnair | Dedicated to sustainability with ambitious net-zero goals. Early adopters of SAF. | Implement broader sustainability initiatives beyond SAF. |
| Airlines for Europe (A4E) Members: | Multiple European Airlines (see A4E website) | All use SAF and have net-zero 2050 goals. Strong collective commitment. | Collaboration on policy, best practices, and SAF initiatives. |
| Clean Skies for Tomorrow Members: | Airlines, airports, fuel suppliers, technology companies | Diverse stakeholder collaboration to accelerate SAF deployment. | Focus on infrastructure, standards, and market development. |
| Airlines Investing in SAF Production: | Lufthansa (partnership with Neste) | Proactive involvement in expanding SAF production capacity. | Secure long-term fuel supply and drive innovation. |
Notes:
- This table is not exhaustive and represents a selection of notable examples.
- The “Category” labels are descriptive and not rigid classifications.
- Some airlines fall into multiple categories.
- Consider researching individual airlines for deeper insights into their specific sustainability programs and goals.
Resources:
- Airlines for Europe: https://a4e.eu/: https://a4e.eu/
- Clean Skies for Tomorrow: https://www.weforum.org/publications/clean-skies-for-tomorrow-sustainable-aviation-fuels-as-a-pathway-to-net-zero-aviation/: https://www.weforum.org/publications/clean-skies-for-tomorrow-sustainable-aviation-fuels-as-a-pathway-to-net-zero-aviation/
- European Commission – ReFuelEU Aviation: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/09/refueleu-aviation-initiative-council-adopts-new-law-to-decarbonise-the-aviation-sector/: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/09/refueleu-aviation-initiative-council-adopts-new-law-to-decarbonise-the-aviation-sector/
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production Company in Europe
There are several promising Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production companies in Europe, each with its own focus and technology. Here are some notable examples:
Neste:
- Finnish company, the world’s leading producer of SAF with a current annual capacity of 1 million tonnes.
- Utilizes hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) technology to convert waste oils and fats into renewable hydrocarbons.
- Partners with major airlines like Lufthansa and KLM to supply SAF.
Verbio:
- German company specializing in advanced biofuels, including SAF.
- Employs biomass gasification technology to convert wood residues and organic waste into synthetic fuels.
- Operates multiple production facilities across Europe.
Vivergo:
- Dutch company producing SAF from renewable feedstocks like corn stover and wheat straw.
- Utilizes biochemical conversion technology to break down the feedstocks into sugars and ferment them into ethanol, then converted into SAF.
- Has plans for new production facilities in France and Romania.
HEFA:
- German company focused on Power-to-Liquid (PtL) technology, producing SAF from captured CO2 and renewable electricity.
- Offers an alternative pathway to traditional biomass-based SAF.
- Partners with Porsche and other companies to demonstrate and scale up PtL technology.
Other notable companies:
- SkyNRG: Dutch company specializing in blending and supplying SAF.
- TOTAL: French energy giant investing in various SAF production technologies.
- Neste MY Renewable Diesel: Neste subsidiary producing HVO-based fuels, including SAF.
- Renewable Energy Group: Norwegian company exploring PtL and other SAF technologies.
Considerations when choosing SAF producers:
- Feedstock type: Different feedstocks have varying sustainability implications. Opt for companies prioritizing waste fats and residues over virgin biomass.
- Production technology: Consider the environmental impact and efficiency of the chosen technology. PtL may have lower lifecycle emissions than biomass-based methods.
- Transparency and certification: Choose companies with clear sustainability goals and certified SAF production processes.
Table of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production Companies in Europe
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production Companies in Europe: A Comparison
| Company | Focus | Technology | Feedstock | Current Capacity | Notable Partnerships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neste | Leading producer | HVO | Waste oils & fats | 1 million tonnes/year | Lufthansa, KLM, Air France |
| Verbio | Advanced Biofuels | Biomass gasification | Wood residues, organic waste | Multiple facilities across Europe | None listed |
| Vivergo | Corn stover & Wheat straw | Biochemical conversion | Corn stover, wheat straw | Expansion plans (France, Romania) | SkyNRG |
| HEFA | Power-to-Liquid (PtL) | Captured CO2 & renewable electricity | CO2, renewable electricity | Demonstration phase | Porsche, other companies |
| Other notable companies: | |||||
| SkyNRG | Blending & supply | Various | Various | Not applicable | Airlines, fuel suppliers |
| TOTAL | Diverse SAF technologies | Various | Various | Investments in multiple companies | Airlines, energy companies |
| Neste MY Renewable Diesel | HVO-based fuels (incl. SAF) | HVO | Waste oils & fats | Not specified | Airlines, distributors |
| Renewable Energy Group | PtL & other SAF technologies | PtL, others | Various | Research & development stage | Airlines, technology partners |
Notes:
- This table highlights a selection of promising companies and is not exhaustive.
- Capacities and partnerships may change over time.
Conclusion Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Lansdcape in Europe
The Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) landscape in Europe is brimming with both promise and challenges.
On the one hand, ambitious policy mandates, growing investment in production facilities, and increasing adoption by airlines, like early adopters such as Volotea and Icelandair, paint a picture of a significant shift towards a greener future for aviation. Technological advancements like Power-to-Liquid (PtL) offer further pathways to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
However, hurdles remain. Current production capacity lags behind the demand projected by the blending mandates, and the cost of SAF remains higher than conventional jet fuel. Concerns about the sustainability of some feedstocks and ensuring ethical sourcing also require careful consideration.
The momentum behind SAF in Europe is undeniable. With continued collaboration between policymakers, airlines, fuel producers, and researchers, the continent has the potential to become a global leader in the development and deployment of this critical technology. By tackling the remaining challenges head-on, Europe can pave the way for a future where the skies are truly sustainable.
https://www.exaputra.com/2024/01/sustainable-aviation-fuel-saf-lansdcape.html
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Antifa Demonstrators
Here’s a short but extremely well-made video in which Steven Miller discusses the physical appearance of “violent, antifa demonstrators.”
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Humanitarianism
The other day, someone asked me, “If you had to answer this question in only one word, what gives your life meaning?” I replied, “Helping.”
Now, unlike Richard Branson, I’m not a billionaire, so my capacity in this arena is limited. Yet we all, most of us anyway, do what we can.
As Gandhi said, “Whatever you do in life will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.”
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ECP Buys TPI Blade Factories, GE Pours Billions Into LM Wind Power
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ECP Buys TPI Blade Factories, GE Pours Billions Into LM Wind Power
Allen covers Energy Capital Partners buying TPI’s blade factories, GE Vernova’s $1.7 billion rescue of LM Wind Power, offshore wind cutting oil burn during a heat wave, Scotland’s Caledonia approval, and 19 states suing the Pentagon over stalled wind reviews.
Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us!
Good Monday everyone.
A few months ago, we told you about a Houston bankruptcy court carving up TPI Composites. Well, that story just got a whole lot bigger. On July sixth, TPI walked out of Chapter Eleven. Zero debt. New owners. A private equity firm called Energy Capital Partners picked up TPI’s blade factories in Iowa and Juarez, Mexico for about twenty million dollars. Twenty million, against more than a billion dollars in liabilities.
ECP did not stumble into wind blades. They bought Calpine back in twenty eighteen, inherited seventy-seven power plants, and became GE’s biggest private gas turbine customer in the Western Hemisphere. That relationship, forged in gas turbine halls, is what brought them to composite factories. GE Vernova signed a five-year supply deal requiring it to send blade orders to ECP’s factories. GE is ECP’s partner, its customer, and was even the backup buyer if the deal fell through. So TPI lives on, leaner, debt-free, with locked-in demand from one of the biggest turbine makers on earth.
But now, the other side of that coin. While ECP picked up two blade factories for twenty million dollars, GE Vernova recently pumped one-point-seven billion dollars into its own blade company, LM Wind Power. LM’s equity had fallen to negative 575 million euros. Revenue dropped ninety-six percent in one year, from 2.1 billion Danish kroner down to just ninety-three million. The Danish workforce, cut to about twenty-five people. LM Wind Power has lost money every single year since GE bought it in twenty seventeen. Nine straight years of red ink.
So think about that. Two American blade factories now serve GE Vernova’s onshore business. One in Grand Forks, North Dakota, owned by GE, inside a division losing four hundred million dollars a year. The other in Newton, Iowa, owned by ECP, zero debt, five-year supply deal. The independent contract blade business that TPI Composites built is gone. Vestas took the India and Mexico plants in-house. GE’s supply is locked to ECP. The OEMs and their financial partners now own the factories directly. And that is a new era for wind manufacturing.
Now, let us talk about what those blades are doing once they are spinning. Earlier this month, a brutal heat wave hit the eastern United States. Air conditioners running full blast. Grid operators scrambling to keep up. And off the coast of New England, two offshore wind farms stepped up. Vineyard Wind, eight hundred and six megawatts off Massachusetts. Revolution Wind, seven hundred and four megawatts near Rhode Island. Together they pushed hundreds of megawatts into the grid right when people needed it most.
And here is the number that matters. Oil-fired power plants met about ten percent of peak demand on July second this year. Last summer, at the height of a similar heat wave, oil plants covered nearly fifteen percent. That is more than a gigawatt less oil burned. The projects that survived lawsuits, survived construction shutdowns, survived lease freezes, are now keeping the lights on in New England.
Across the Atlantic, Scotland just approved two massive offshore wind farms. The Caledonia North and South projects in the Moray Firth, up to one hundred and forty turbines spread across one hundred and sixty-five square miles. Enough power for two million homes. Ocean Wind is leading the development with a commitment of about 1.7 billion pounds. And here is what makes this project different. Caledonia South will mix fixed-bottom and floating turbines, up to thirty-nine floaters. That blend of proven and next-generation technology on a single project is something to watch.
Back in the United States, nineteen state attorneys general are suing the Department of Defense. The reason, wind project reviews. Federal law says any wind turbine taller than two hundred feet must go through a Defense Department check, to make sure it does not interfere with military radar or flight paths. Last August, the Pentagon stopped reviewing those projects. No explanation. No timeline for starting again. Maryland Attorney General Anthony Brown is leading the coalition, joined by attorneys general from eighteen other states including California, New York, and New Jersey. They want a court to force the Defense Department to start doing its job again.
And finally, a story from the sea floor. Down in southern New England, lobster populations have been falling for decades. Back in nineteen ninety-eight, there were about fifty million lobsters in those waters. By twenty twenty-two, fewer than ten million. But something else is moving in. Jonah crabs. Fishermen used to throw them back. Now they are hauling them in by the thousands, selling them as a cheaper option to lobster. And researchers at the University of Rhode Island are finding that offshore wind foundations are acting like artificial reefs. Algae grows first, then barnacles and mussels, then fish and crabs follow. The question scientists are working to answer is whether these structures create new marine life, or just pull it in from the surrounding ocean. Either way, the turbines are not just making electricity. They are making habitat.
Now, here is what to watch. This Wednesday, July twenty-second, GE Vernova reports second quarter earnings. And the numbers we just talked about will be in the room. One-point-seven billion dollars pumped into LM Wind Power, a blade company that has lost money nine years straight. Twenty million dollars to let ECP walk away with two factories and a five-year supply deal. GE Vernova is guiding for four hundred million dollars in wind segment losses this year. Meanwhile, its Power and Electrification divisions are printing money, nearly five billion dollars in free cash flow last quarter alone.
So the question on that earnings call is simple. If you are spending eighty times more to keep your in-house blade maker alive than a private equity firm paid to buy your contract supplier, how long do you keep doing both? Watch for what GE Vernova says about LM Wind Power’s future, about North American onshore blade strategy, and about whether that 1.7 billion dollar injection was a rescue, or a goodbye. The answer could reshape who makes blades in this industry for the next decade.
And that is the state of the wind industry for the 19th of July, twenty twenty-six. Join us for the Uptime Wind Energy Podcast tomorrow.
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