The recently concluded COP29 in Baku marked another critical milestone in global climate action with mixed outcomes. Developed nations committed to channeling at least $300 billion annually into developing countries by 2035 for climate action. However, this fell short of the $1.3 trillion annual target demanded by developing nations.
The climate summit also finalized Article 6 on carbon markets, operationalizing the Paris Agreement nearly a decade after its inception. Meanwhile, key decisions on the global stocktake and fossil fuel transition were postponed to COP30 in Brazil. The negotiations occurred amidst political tensions, including Donald Trump’s re-election and potential U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.
Below we share our six key takeaways from this year’s climate talks.
Article 6: Carbon Markets Take Center Stage
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which deals with carbon market mechanisms, took center stage at COP29. After years of negotiation, the summit finalized mechanisms for global carbon trading.
Article 6.2 governs direct country-to-country carbon credit trading, while Article 6.4 establishes the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), a centralized carbon market under UN supervision. It allows countries, corporations, and individuals to trade emission reduction units, referred to as A6.4ERs (Article 6.4 Emission Reductions Units).
The PACM introduces enhanced safeguards, including sustainable development tools and stricter methodologies to prevent “locking-in” high emissions. For example, it enforces baseline adjustments and “additionality” checks, ensuring projects generate genuine emission reductions.

These features aim to avoid pitfalls of past carbon market mechanisms, like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Some projects under the CDM, such as afforestation, may transition into the PACM if they meet updated removal standards.
To prevent double-counting of credits, stringent rules for “corresponding adjustments” were introduced. For example, when a country sells emission credits, it must deduct the equivalent reductions from its own accounting, ensuring transparency and integrity.
Despite progress, experts remain cautious. While negotiators hailed the deal as a milestone, critics argue it oversells the mechanism’s potential to deliver large-scale mitigation. Concerns persist over transparency, particularly under Article 6.2, where “cooperative approaches” could lack stringent oversight.
To address these concerns, COP29 decisions require enhanced reporting and transparency in Article 6.2 activities and encourage swift finalization of PACM methodologies by 2025. These measures are pivotal for building trust and ensuring that carbon markets contribute meaningfully to global climate goals.
- Additionally, a “Share of Proceeds” mechanism was adopted, channeling 5% of transaction volumes and 3% of issuance fees into the Adaptation Fund. This provides critical resources for climate resilience in vulnerable regions while fostering global emissions reductions.
A New Era for Climate Finance
One of the most anticipated outcomes of COP29 was the agreement on a new collective quantified goal (NCQG) for climate finance. This goal seeks to replace the $100 billion annual target set at COP15, which had been criticized for being insufficient and inadequately mobilized. The NCQG represents a more dynamic, needs-based approach to climate financing.

At COP29, a new global climate finance target was introduced, aiming to raise $300 billion annually for developing countries by 2035. The goal includes public funds, development bank loans, and private investments mobilized by governments.
The NCQG has been a point of contention in climate talks. Developed countries are expected to provide significant funding, but developing nations argue that trillions of dollars are needed for their transition to cleaner economies.
The agreement also allows for “voluntary” contributions from nations like China, which have not traditionally provided climate finance.
Disagreements over the size and scope of the target caused delays and frustrations, with several drafts and revisions circulating before reaching a final agreement. Developed countries argue that global efforts must include a diverse range of contributors. As Jacob Levine, a senior director for climate and energy at the White House, stated:
“When you consider the magnitude…we need people to contribute, to do their fair share and to recognize the opportunity to work together.”
In contrast, developing nations, led by groups like the G77 and China, have insisted that developed countries bear the primary responsibility. Ali Mohamed, African Group Chair, remarked:
“We need equitable access for all developing countries. Cherry-picking certain groups won’t solve the global climate crisis.”
- The final agreement urges contributions from all sources, public and private, to meet a broader target of $1.3 trillion annually by 2035.
Mitigation Work Programme: Accelerating Action
The Mitigation Work Programme (MWP), established at COP26, received renewed attention at COP29. Delegates agreed to expand efforts to enhance renewable energy deployment and phase down unabated fossil fuel use.
However, progress has been limited to workshops and discussions. At COP28 in Dubai, negotiations faltered over whether the MWP should convey high-level political messages or remain strictly procedural. This stalemate carried into the Bonn negotiations in June 2024, with disagreements centering on linking the MWP to the global stocktake and its outcomes.
At COP29, these disputes persisted, particularly over including references to transitioning away from fossil fuels. Developing nations, represented by groups like the LMDCs and Arab states, opposed such language, citing concerns over top-down mandates.
Meanwhile, developed nations sought to integrate global stocktake results and emphasize stronger NDC updates. Paragraph 32 of an informal note, which mentioned the fossil fuel phaseout, proved particularly divisive, stalling discussions.
Despite efforts to revive negotiations in the summit’s second week, the final text (shown below) offered minimal progress. High-level political messaging was softened, with no explicit mention of the stocktake or fossil fuels.

While the dialogues under the MWP, focused on urban systems, were deemed productive, the adopted text primarily reaffirmed procedural elements, leaving substantial mitigation ambitions largely unresolved.
Adaptation: Scaling Resilience
Adaptation is one of the significant COP29 outcomes. Discussions focused on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), yet progress was hindered by disagreements. The UAE-Belém work program, introduced at COP28, aims to establish indicators for adaptation targets, including resilience in water, ecosystems, and cultural heritage.
Midway through this two-year initiative, countries clashed over including “means of implementation” (MOI)—primarily financial support—and the concept of “transformational adaptation,” which developing nations feared might create obstacles to funding access.
The outcome included the “Baku Adaptation Roadmap,” softening MOI language to “enablers of implementation” to balance developed countries’ demands for governance and transparency with developing nations’ calls for financial support. While this compromise acknowledged both sides, it left many countries dissatisfied, particularly those advocating for robust financial commitments.
NAP discussions, initially slated to conclude in week one, also experienced delays due to extensive disagreements. By week two, facilitators proposed procedural conclusions, deferring substantive decisions to Bonn in June 2025. Other adaptation-related matters, such as the adaptation fund and performance reviews, were similarly postponed.
The roadmap’s adoption and continued GGA discussions underscore adaptation’s complexity and urgency as climate impacts intensify. COP30 is expected to revisit unresolved issues, including financial commitments and equitable adaptation frameworks.
Loss and Damage Fund: A Historic Step
COP29 marked a turning point with the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, initially agreed upon at COP27. This fund aims to provide financial support to nations suffering from climate-induced disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and sea-level rise.
The fund’s governance structure ensures equitable distribution of resources, prioritizing least-developed countries and small island developing states (SIDS). Discussions also explored innovative funding sources, including levies on fossil fuel exports and international shipping, to sustain the fund over the long term.
The operationalization of this fund underscores the principle of climate justice, acknowledging the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable populations.
Still, loss and damage funding remained contentious at COP29. While the fund advanced with pledges rising to $759 million, developing nations criticized the insufficient funding.
UN chief António Guterres highlighted the lack of justice for vulnerable nations. He stated that the fund’s capitalization falls far short of addressing the need.
- According to a study, climate change damage costs the world between $1.7 trillion and $3.1 trillion each year by 2050.
Negotiators failed to include loss and damage in the new climate-finance goal (NCQG), as developed countries resisted expanding finance obligations. Discussions on the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) and Santiago Network stalled due to disagreements, with progress deferred to mid-2025.
The UAE’s Global Stocktake
The UAE-hosted conference underscored its role as a key stakeholder in global climate action through the first-ever global stocktake (GST). This assessment measured the world’s progress toward the Paris Agreement goals, providing a clear picture of where nations stand on mitigation, adaptation, and finance.
At COP29, climate talks became contentious as nations grappled with commitments from COP28’s GST. The UAE’s approach to discussions about fossil fuel transitions sparked debate.
Developed nations and vulnerable countries demanded stronger commitments for transitioning away from fossil fuels, while Saudi Arabia opposed the inclusion of specific fossil fuel language, emphasizing the need for finance-focused discussions. This clash led to diluted draft texts and an impasse on key issues.
In the end, the UAE dialogue was postponed until the 2025 talks, leaving many disappointed. However, COP30 in Brazil holds the potential for renewed momentum, especially in terms of accountability and climate action.
Conclusion
The COP29 outcomes in Baku delivered a mix of progress and challenges, with significant advancements in climate finance, carbon markets, and adaptation efforts. The outcomes reflect a growing recognition of the need for collective action to address the climate crisis.
- READ MORE: Article 6.2 at COP29: Singapore Partners with Gold Standard and Verra to Advance Climate Action
The focus now shifts to implementing these agreements and bridging gaps in ambition, funding, and delivery. As the world gears up for COP30, the lessons from Baku will serve as a critical foundation for driving forward the Paris Agreement goals.
The post COP29 Key Outcomes: Milestones, Setbacks, and What Comes Next for Global Climate Action appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Walmart (WMT) Expands EV Charging and Boosts Renewable Energy in Its Net-Zero Playbook
Walmart (NYSE: WMT) is stepping up its clean energy and emissions game across the United States. Shoppers want to save money and live more sustainable lives, and Walmart sees a big role for itself in that shift. With a store or club within 10 miles of nearly 90% of Americans, the retailer believes it is perfectly placed to support the country’s move to cleaner transportation.
From expanding EV charging access to using more renewable power and electrifying its delivery fleet, Walmart is building a lower-carbon future that also brings long-term savings and stronger resilience.
Charging Up America: Walmart’s Big EV Push
Walmart wants to make owning an electric car easier for millions of people. The company plans to build its own fast-charging network across thousands of Walmart and Sam’s Club locations by 2030. This will add to the nearly 1,300 chargers already running at more than 280 stores today.
The goal is simple: remove the fear of not finding a safe and reliable place to charge. Walmart’s well-lit parking lots offer an easy place to plug in while customers shop, grab groceries, or pick up essentials. And in true Walmart style, the company aims to offer low-cost charging to help families save on transportation—the second-largest expense for most households.

Greener Deliveries and Next-Gen Fleet
Transportation is one of Walmart’s toughest emissions issues. In 2024, the company’s fleet made up 24.9% of Scope 1 emissions and 14.4% of total operational emissions. As Walmart brings more logistics in-house and grows its business, fleet emissions may rise in the short term.
Yet Walmart is preparing for a cleaner future. It’s partnering with GM, Ford, and Canoo to electrify delivery vehicles. Many Walmart+ deliveries already use electric vans.
- They are also testing heavy-duty battery trucks, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and renewable diesel.
- Walmart is rolling out liquid hydrogen-powered forklifts and recently opened Latin America’s first industrial-scale renewable hydrogen plant in Chile.
- Electric yard trucks are already delivering major gains—cutting emissions by more than 75% per hour compared to diesel models.
These tests matter. They help shape the future of Walmart’s fleet, especially as long-haul truck solutions may not mature until the 2030s.
As more drivers go electric, the re network will add much-needed charging options nationwide. Even rural areas, which often lack EV infrastructure, will benefit. Walmart sees this as a smart business move and a natural extension of its mission to help customers live better and more sustainably.
Smart Stores with Clean Energy
Walmart’s clean energy plan centers on four ideas: access, cost, resilience, and emissions cuts. Because its stores rely more than ever on electricity and digital systems, stable power is essential. So Walmart is investing in new technology to identify power risks, upgrade monitoring tools, and strengthen connections to the grid.
Real-time energy monitoring across thousands of facilities helps Walmart track usage and operate more efficiently. These insights will matter even more as automation grows across the company’s operations.
Walmart is also adding more on-site power. Solar panels, wind systems, and battery storage help stores stay open during outages and lower long-term energy bills. Between 2024 and 2030, it aims to support up to 10 gigawatts of new clean energy capacity.
The company is already making progress. In 2024, renewable energy met 48.5% of Walmart’s global electricity needs. This brings the retailer close to its goal of 50% renewable power by 2025 and puts it on track for 100% by 2035. By the end of 2024, its U.S. operations had 166 MW of onsite solar across 325 facilities and 10 MW of energy storage at 44 locations.

Achieving Net-Zero Emissions
Walmart is working toward zero emissions across its global operations (Scope 1 and 2) by 2040. These emissions come from transport fuels, refrigeration, heating, and electricity use.
The company has reduced its emissions intensity by 47.4% since 2015, but annual emissions can still vary. In 2024, Walmart’s Scope 1 and 2 emissions rose by 1.1%. Growth in U.S. transportation and lower renewable energy output in Mexico and Central America—due to extreme heat and drought—played a big role.
Still, global operational emissions remain 18.1% lower than the 2015 baseline. But progress won’t always be smooth. Policies, infrastructure limits, equipment shortages, and slow advances in low-carbon trucking technology create challenges. Walmart has noted that meeting its 2025 and 2030 targets may take more time.
Even so, Walmart keeps improving. New buildings and remodels use efficient lighting, HVAC systems, and refrigeration. The company is replacing older equipment with high-efficiency models and testing refrigeration and HVAC systems with lower global warming impact. These upgrades support both sustainability and cost savings.

Walmart (WMT) Q3 FY2025 Highlights
Walmart Inc. posted Q3 FY2025 revenue of $179.5 billion, up 5.8% from last year and beating estimates by 1.1%. Same-store sales rose 4.5%, fueled by strong e-commerce and retail growth, with adjusted EPS at $0.62—above expectations. The company raised its full-year sales outlook amid steady demand and efficiency gains.
Additionally, WMT stock hit near-record highs but with a “Moderate Buy” rating from analysts, targeting 6-9% upside. Growth drivers include e-commerce, consumer resilience, and clean energy bets like EV fleets and chargers.
The goals are bold: zero operational emissions by 2040 and 100% renewable power by 2035. Yet Walmart’s scale, resources, and willingness to innovate give it a powerful role in America’s clean energy transition. And ultimately, these steps help customers live better, save more, and make sustainable choices that fit their everyday lives.
- FURTHER READING: Why Walmart Stock (WMT) Is at the Forefront of ESG Investing: Sustainability and Emissions Achievements in 2025
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Carbon Footprint
Sierra Madre: Breathing New Life into Mexico’s Silver and Gold Heartland
Disseminated on behalf of Sierra Madre Gold & Silver Ltd.
Mexico has been a cornerstone of global silver and gold production for centuries, with historic mining regions such as Zacatecas, Durango, and the Sierra Madre belt supplying the world with these precious metals. Mining represents nearly 2.5% of Mexico’s GDP and produces significant export revenue.
However, decades of underinvestment and declining output from aging mines led to a slowdown in production growth. Today, a new wave of modern mining companies is reinvigorating Mexico’s silver and gold industry, bringing capital, modern technology, and strict environmental practices to historic mining regions.
Among these companies, Sierra Madre Gold & Silver Ltd. (TSXV: SM | OTCQX: SMDRF) is emerging as a standout player, spearheading the revival of Mexico’s rich Temascaltepec district with its La Guitarra Mine.
Mexico’s Silver and Gold Renaissance: Strategic Importance
Mexico remains the world’s largest silver producer, contributing roughly 23–25% of global output in 2024, with total production between 5,800 and 6,300 tonnes. The surge in industrial demand for silver is reshaping its role from primarily a jewelry and investment metal to an essential material in the clean energy transition.
- With silver prices stabilizing around US$28 per ounce in 2025 and climbing above $50 in October, mid-tier producers like Sierra Madre stand to increase shareholder value while supporting rural economies.
Each solar panel consumes about 20 grams of silver, while electric vehicles require up to 50 grams. Analysts predict that by 2030, global silver demand will exceed 1.2 billion ounces annually, highlighting the need for stable, modern supply sources.
Mexico’s combination of skilled workforce, supportive regulations, and modern infrastructure makes it an attractive destination for exploration and investment. Sierra Madre’s work at La Guitarra, along with exploration at Tepic, exemplifies how new companies are turning dormant assets into engines of growth for the next decade.
Reviving La Guitarra: History Meets Modern Mining
The La Guitarra Mine has a storied history dating back to colonial times, producing both gold and silver under different owners, most recently First Majestic Silver. After a period of care and maintenance, Sierra Madre acquired the mine in 2023 with a clear strategy: restart production (achieved January 2025) and expand output.
The mine comes equipped with a 500-tonnes-per-day processing plant, permitted underground workings, and nearby infrastructure including roads, water, and power. With C$19.5 million in fresh capital and a skilled technical team, it has achieved a full-scale restart, with commercial production announced in January 2025.
- By 2027, the company aims to up to triple production to 1,500 tonnes per day, leveraging smart mine design and local partnerships to keep costs low while ramping output efficiently.
Furthermore, their leadership blends local mining expertise with strong capital markets knowledge, enabling efficient project execution. La Guitarra’s high-grade veins, clear exploration targets, and straightforward permitting process make it one of Mexico’s most promising silver-gold projects.

Commitment to Responsible Mining
Sierra Madre embodies a new generation of environmentally and socially responsible miners. The company is upgrading waste and water systems to modern standards, reclaiming tailings efficiently, and minimizing water usage. Open communication with local communities, clear permitting, and strong ESG practices reinforce its credibility with stakeholders and investors.
Modernization at La Guitarra is as much about responsible operations as it is about increasing output. This focus on sustainability aligns with global investor expectations while strengthening its long-term partnerships.
Sierra Madre holds one other project in Mexico’s Sierra Madre mineral belt:
- Tepic Project (Nayarit): High-grade epithermal gold-silver deposit with near-surface mineralization and strong exploration upside.
By focusing on assets with existing infrastructure and clear development paths, Sierra Madre reduces operational risk compared with early-stage exploration projects.
Industrial Demand Drives Silver’s Strategic Role
Silver’s function has evolved beyond traditional uses. Its high conductivity and reflectivity make it essential in solar panels, EV batteries, 5G networks, and electronics. Industrial demand is rising sharply: in 2024, industrial silver consumption reached 680.5 million ounces, accounting for over 30% of total usage, and solar energy alone represents a growing share.
The EV market further drives demand, with each vehicle requiring up to 50 grams of silver. Rising industrial requirements, combined with structural supply deficits, position companies like Sierra Madre to benefit from near-term production growth.
Global silver production is struggling to keep pace. In 2024, total output was roughly 819.7 million ounces, barely a 1% increase over the previous year. A projected 117.6 million-ounce supply deficit in 2025 underscores the need for reliable producers in Mexico’s rich silver belt.

Leveraging Gold’s Enduring Value in a Record-Price Era
Gold remains a cornerstone of stability. Prices are expected to hold above US$3,000 per ounce, supported by investment demand, central bank buying, and geopolitical uncertainty. In Q2 2025, total gold demand rose 3% year-over-year, reaching 1,249 tonnes, while mine production matched this growth, reflecting a healthy market balance.
At La Guitarra, underground mining at the high-grade Coloso vein started in April 2025, increasing production potential and improving grades. The company is upgrading milling systems to improve recovery rates and lower costs, capitalizing on record-high gold prices.
Strong Operational and Financial Performance
- In Q2 2025, Sierra Madre sold 173,562 silver-equivalent ounces: 66,011 ounces of silver and 1,048 ounces of gold, generating 168,535 AgEq ounces at an average price of US$30.10 per AgEq ounce.
The Coloso Mine is ramping up to 150 t/d by year-end, while underground development at the Nazareno Mine has already delivered over 700 tonnes of mineralized material to the Guitarra mill, with grades exceeding prior estimates.
The company raised C$19.5 million in mid-2025 to expand throughput, launch a +20,000-meter exploration program across its mineralized belt, and target high-grade zones in the East District. Strong revenue, cash position, and working capital support ongoing operations and exploration, providing a solid financial foundation for growth.
Silver continues to show upside potential. With a gold-to-silver ratio of 70:1, silver is currently undervalued relative to gold. Combined with rising industrial demand and tight supply, this positions Sierra Madre’s dual-metal strategy to capitalize on both growth and stability. Analysts project that silver deficits will persist, reinforcing the value of near-term production assets like La Guitarra.

- ALSO READ: Gold’s Enduring Value: How Sierra Madre Is Advancing Mexico’s Next Generation of Gold Projects
Two Metals, One Growth Strategy
Sierra Madre’s dual-metal approach combines gold’s stability with silver’s growth potential. Gold anchors financial security, while silver leverages rising industrial demand. This strategy enables the company to maximize shareholder value while maintaining operational resilience.
Phased Expansion Plan
Sierra Madre is executing a two-phase expansion at La Guitarra:
- Phase 1 (Q2 2026): Increase capacity to 750–800 t/d with equipment upgrades, including a new cone crusher and ball mill.
- Phase 2 (Q3 2027): Ramp up to 1,200–1,500 t/d with additional crushing circuits, producing finer material and improving recovery rates.
No additional permits are required, and the expansion will be fully funded from existing cash flow, ensuring self-sustained growth.
Final Take: Why Sierra Madre Is Poised to Deliver Silver and Gold
Sierra Madre Gold & Silver is at the forefront of Mexico’s silver and gold revival. With a mix of production-ready assets, exploration upside, and strong financial backing, the company is well-positioned to benefit from rising demand, structural supply deficits, and supportive market dynamics.

La Guitarra combines history, infrastructure, and timing for near-term production, while Tepic offers significant exploration potential. Sierra Madre’s dual-metal strategy balances stability with growth, leveraging gold’s safe-haven value and silver’s industrial demand.
As global demand for clean energy technologies, electric vehicles, and industrial applications rises, Sierra Madre is uniquely equipped to deliver both silver and gold. Its operational asset, responsible mining practices, and strategic expansion plan position it as a leading junior miner in Mexico’s most productive silver-gold belt.
In short, Sierra Madre has not just restarted a mine—it is breathing new life into Mexico’s historic silver and gold heartland while positioning investors to benefit from a transformative decade in precious metals.
- MUST READ: Reviving Mexico’s Silver Belt: How Sierra Madre’s La Guitarra Mine Is Leading the Comeback
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New Era Publishing Inc. and/or CarbonCredits.com (“We” or “Us”) are not securities dealers or brokers, investment advisers, or financial advisers, and you should not rely on the information herein as investment advice. Sierra Madre Gold and Silver Ltd. (“Company”) made a one-time payment of $25,000 to provide marketing services for a term of one month. None of the owners, members, directors, or employees of New Era Publishing Inc. and/or CarbonCredits.com currently hold, or have any beneficial ownership in, any shares, stocks, or options of the companies mentioned.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT AND FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Certain statements contained in this news release may constitute “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Forward-looking information generally can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “plan,” and similar expressions suggesting future outcomes or events. Forward-looking information is based on current expectations of management; however, it is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated.
These factors include, without limitation, statements relating to the Company’s exploration and development plans, the potential of its mineral projects, financing activities, regulatory approvals, market conditions, and future objectives. Forward-looking information involves numerous risks and uncertainties and actual results might differ materially from results suggested in any forward-looking information. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, market volatility, the state of financial markets for the Company’s securities, fluctuations in commodity prices, operational challenges, and changes in business plans.
Forward-looking information is based on several key expectations and assumptions, including, without limitation, that the Company will continue with its stated business objectives and will be able to raise additional capital as required. Although management of the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated, or intended.
There can be no assurance that such forward-looking information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. Additional information about risks and uncertainties is contained in the Company’s management’s discussion and analysis and annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2024, copies of which are available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.
The forward-looking information contained herein is expressly qualified in its entirety by this cautionary statement. Forward-looking information reflects management’s current beliefs and is based on information currently available to the Company. The forward-looking information is made as of the date of this news release, and the Company assumes no obligation to update or revise such information to reflect new events or circumstances except as may be required by applicable law.
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Carbon Footprint
Frontier Backs Climate Startup Reverion for 96,000 Tons of Biogas-Based Carbon Removal
Climate startup Reverion, a German company specializing in biogas-based carbon removal, has secured several major offtake agreements through Frontier, the advanced carbon removal buyer coalition. The deals mark a significant milestone for the company as it works to commercialize its solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology, which captures and permanently stores CO₂ while producing clean electricity.
Under the new commitments, Frontier buyers—including Google, McKinsey, H&M Group, Autodesk, Workday, and others—will pay $41 million for 96,000 tons of permanent CO₂ removal between 2027 and 2030.
Frontier’s carbon removal portfolio

These agreements strengthen the growing belief that biogas-based carbon removal can be both scalable and economically attractive when combined with high-efficiency energy production.
How Reverion’s Fuel Cell System Turns Biogas into Permanent Carbon Removal
Reverion, a 2022 spin-off from the Technical University of Munich, has created a system that generates clean electricity and captures carbon from biogas at the same time. Farmers produce biogas by placing manure, crop leftovers, and food waste into anaerobic digesters. These digesters create a gas mix that contains methane and CO₂.
- The company’s solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) converts the methane in this gas directly into electricity with very high efficiency.
- During this reaction, the carbon in the gas separates into a pure CO₂ stream.
- The system then liquefies this CO₂ and sends it for permanent geological storage.
Traditional biogas systems burn the gas in engines, lose energy, and release most of the carbon back into the air. Some even leak methane, which traps far more heat than CO₂. Reverion avoids these problems by capturing carbon from both methane and CO₂ in the biogas. As a result, the system increases the amount of carbon removed and cuts emissions at the source.
By pairing efficient power generation with full carbon capture, Reverion turns everyday biogas into a dependable pathway for long-term carbon removal.

Energy, Hydrogen, and New Revenue Streams for Farmers
The press release highlighted that, today, more than 120,000 biogas plants operate worldwide, but many still use old engines with low efficiency. And Reverion’s SOFC gives farmers a major upgrade. It reaches about 74% fuel-to-electricity efficiency—one of the highest levels in the industry. This lets farmers produce more electricity from the same biogas, lower their energy bills, and earn extra money by selling clean power.
The system also adds flexibility. When electricity prices drop, often during times of strong wind and solar output, the fuel cell can run in reverse to make green hydrogen. Farmers can sell this hydrogen or use it on their own farms, creating another income source.
By delivering clean energy, flexible operation, and permanent carbon removal, Reverion offers a strong alternative to combustion engines and renewable natural gas upgrading systems.
Frontier Unlocks: Why BiCRS Matters in Carbon Removal Portfolios
Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) is emerging as a strong contender for long-duration carbon removal. It includes several pathways such as BECCS, bio-oil sequestration, biomass injection, and now biogas-based fuel cell systems.
Frontier explains how BiCRS stands out for the following reasons:
- Lower costs: Plants capture CO₂ naturally and at no cost. Many BiCRS systems also use existing waste streams, which reduces input costs.
- Clear verification: Technologies like BECCS and biomass injection are easier to measure and verify compared with more experimental removal pathways.
- Near-term scalability: Bio-oil and biomass injection can grow quickly, helping meet the rising demand for carbon removal supply.

However, BiCRS is not without challenges. The biggest concern is sustainable biomass sourcing. Poor practices—such as removing too much crop residue, clear-cutting forests, or heavy fertilizer use—can harm biodiversity, damage soils, or increase emissions. Because of these risks, carbon removal purchasers must follow strict sustainability guidelines when sourcing biomass.
There is also a durability question for some BiCRS methods. Some biomass burial or sinking approaches could decompose over time, reversing the stored carbon. Frontier funds several R&D projects to evaluate long-term durability.
Finally, the BiCRS market is expected to be highly fragmented. Feedstock types differ by region, and the best removal pathway varies based on geography, transportation options, and local policy. Most BiCRS facilities also operate at a modest scale, meaning the market will rely on many distributed projects rather than a handful of giants.
Even so, BiCRS delivers several co-benefits. These include on-site clean energy production, lower fossil fuel use, reduced methane emissions, nutrient recycling for croplands, and destruction of harmful pollutants like PFAS.
Why Reverion’s Model Stands Out
Reverion’s approach offers compelling advantages that support its rapid market adoption:
- Large potential impact: With over 120,000 biogas sites worldwide, the theoretical removal potential from biogas could exceed 2 gigatons per year by 2040, according to IEA projections. Reverion could capture a meaningful share of this, especially alongside other BiCRS technologies.
- Full-stream carbon capture: Most systems capture only the CO₂ portion of biogas. Reverion captures carbon from both CO₂ and methane, effectively doubling the removal impact.
- World-class electrical efficiency: Its 74% efficiency ranks among the highest globally, increasing economic returns for operators.
- Low methane leakage: Because methane is converted on-site, the system avoids pipeline leaks often associated with renewable natural gas.
- Strong market demand: Reverion already holds 60 pre-orders and 120 letters of intent, signaling strong momentum.

As the world accelerates efforts to scale permanent carbon removal, technologies like Reverion’s offer a promising path—combining high-efficiency clean energy production with durable, verifiable carbon storage at biogas sites around the world.
- ALSO READ: Frontier Backs Norway’s First Carbon Capture Retrofit! Is This the Future of Waste-to-Energy?
The post Frontier Backs Climate Startup Reverion for 96,000 Tons of Biogas-Based Carbon Removal appeared first on Carbon Credits.
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