This is the vast “cosmos” of academic literature and evidence that underpins humanity’s knowledge of climate change.

Every “star” – all 1.8m of them – represents one of the studies inside Carbon Brief’s Cosmos database.

The coloured “nebulae” and “galaxies” within this cosmos illustrate where clusters of studies share similar citations and, hence, areas of common academic focus.

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Carbon Brief’s Project Cosmos is the largest known database of climate change research, featuring more than 1.8m individual publications.

Every publication has a list of authors – the experts who carried out fieldwork, analysed data and drafted the document itself.

Hundreds of thousands of experts are listed as authors in these studies, books and reports.

Each publication also has a list of references – the other academic works on which the authors drew to develop their research.

Carbon Brief has calculated a citation score for each expert, by counting how many times their publications are referenced by others within the Cosmos database.

The Cosmos 500 ranking shows the most highly cited academics in Carbon Brief’s database, based on their citation score.

(This ranking only counts references from within Carbon Brief’s Cosmos database. This is distinct from the citation count given by, for example, Google Scholar, which counts all references the publication has ever received.)

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Carbon Brief’s Project Cosmos is a major collaborative effort to build the world’s largest and most complete database of climate change research.

The Cosmos database – which features more than 1.8m individual publications linked by 40m citation relationships – captures the vast body of human knowledge about climate change that has accumulated over more than a century of academic study.

Cosmos is a major new resource, which has taken more than 18 months to research and build, with help and guidance from a specialist team of academics.

Carbon Brief embarked on Project Cosmos to map and analyse the scientific community’s foundational knowledge about climate change.

This includes, at first, ranking the most highly cited academic publications, authors and institutions.

Together, this series of rankings is known as the Cosmos 500.

But, over time, the database will reveal, for example, how interest in different areas of climate science has changed over time, plus identify potential knowledge gaps and, thus, opportunities for future research.

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