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Breezy, light, and breathable, we take a deep dive into how one of the best summer fabrics fares when it comes to sustainability while discovering these brands that are doing right by linen.

Where Does Linen Come From?

Linen fiber is extracted from the stalks of flax plants. This plant is also known for providing us with nutritious flaxseeds and linseed oil — talk about an overachiever!

In fact, linen is one of the oldest fibers known to man, dating back to the prehistoric era. Archaeologists and paleobiologists have discovered flax fibers during excavations that were twisted, indicating they were used to make ropes or strings among many proposed applications that must have been a great advantage to the hunter-gatherer society. In fact, linen wrappings were even used for mummification in ancient Egypt.

What is Linen Fabric?

Linen fabric is created by obtaining its fibers from the inner bark (or stalks) of the flax plant.

How is Linen Cloth Made?

Before the fibers are spun into the breezy linen you know and love, its fibers are loosened and separated from the rest of the stalk through a process known as “retting”. At that point, the fibers are still straw-like and coarse in texture.

To soften it, the fibers are broken up into small, short bits, while the actual fiber is left unharmed, and then “scutched”, where the straw is scraped off the fiber. After which they are then pulled through “hackles”, that comb the straw out of the fiber to finally prepare flax for spinning into linen fabric.

What is Linen Clothing?

Simply put, linen clothing is comprised of linen fiber in its entirety or blended with other natural fibers.

The Benefits of Linen Clothing

Why wear linen? Known for being ideal during the summers, clothing made from linen will allow heat to escape from the body while absorbing moisture and drying relatively quickly. While linen may have a notorious reputation for wrinkling rather quickly, when blended with other fibers, the creases aren’t as discernible as they would be with pure linens.

P.S. Did you know that US dollar bills are a blend of 25% linen and 75% cotton?

While linen may be notorious for its high energy consumption owing to its need to be ironed more, linen clothing’s pros easily outweigh its cons.

Flax plants can be grown in the harshest of climate conditions that require minimum water. What’s more impressive is the plant’s ability to absorb carbon. The European Confederation of Flax and Hemp (CELC) states that one hectare of flax absorbs 3.7 tons of CO2 every year.

Is Linen More Sustainable Than Cotton?

While there are benefits and drawbacks to every fiber when it comes to environmental sustainability, there are a few points where linen stands out when compared to cotton.

First, we know that durability is a key aspect of sustainability, because it means our clothes will last, enabling us to keep our clothes longer and buy new clothing less frequently.

So how long does linen clothing last in comparison to cotton? Linen clothing is up to 12 times stronger than cotton, helping increase its longevity and taking away the need to be replaced so often.

Another question might be about flax’s water usage. While the irrigation needs of the crop are dependent on the region’s climate (just as with cotton), 450–750 mm of water per season is sufficient for flaxseed. In fact, some studies even indicate that flax could be regarded as a drought-tolerant crop.

How to Care for Linen Clothing

When it comes to caring for linen clothing, linen can be washed on a gentle machine cycle with a mild detergent. (Check out these low waste low-impact detergent options.)

In case you’re curious whether linen stretches or shrinks, then there isn’t much to worry about. Linen is mostly pre-shrunk during the manufacturing stages but pure linens may show about 4% shrinkage.

And when it comes to stretch, linens aren’t known to stretch out over time but can show some level of elasticity when blended with other fibers.

Finally, it’s no secret that linen clothing tends to wrinkle easily! You may choose to embrace the natural characteristics of linen and wear your linen clothing as is, or if you want a crisper look, you may either want to look for a linen blended fabric, or be prepared to steam and/or iron your garments relatively frequently.

Note: This guide includes partners and/or affiliates. As always, brands must meet high standards for sustainability and ethics — and I only share brands that I believe in.

Where to Find Linen Clothing Secondhand

Don’t forget to check out local thrift stores and online secondhand shops first! Some options include Vestiaire Collective and The RealReal for luxury and premium brands or ThredUP and Poshmark for more affordable (as well as some mid-market to premium) brands.

Where to Find Eco-Friendly Linen Clothing

Price Range Key: $ = Under $100 | $$ = $100 – $200 | $$$ = $200+

1. Whimsy + Row

Whimsy + Row’s 100% linen garments are crafted locally within a few miles of their office. This means far lower shipping emissions and that their team can visit their factories regulalry to ensure good conditions and fair pay.

The brand also has several measures in place to reduce waste. They produce in small intentional quantities, repurpose extra scraps into accessories like bandanas, and have a resale program called Wear It Again Whimsy where you can buy or sell preloved Whimsy + Row garments!

Price Range: $ – $$

Size Range: XS – XL

Based in: U.S. | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Whimsy & Row

lavender linen clothing outfit from Whimsy + Row

2. Velvety

Online ethical fashion store Velvety has a vast selection of linen garments, from romantic dresses to laid-back button downs perfect for the beach.

Focusing on curating only timeless pieces from conscious European and Australian small businesses, Velvety has the slow made linen clothing you’ve been dreaming about! Velvety also has a preloved shop, currently available in Australia.

Price Range: $$

Size Range: XS-XXL

Based in: Australia | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Velvety

Green sustainable linen dress from Velvety

3. Linen Fox

The beautiful linen clothing from Lithuanian fashion brand Linen Fox is all made by a team of 20 people in Lithuania.

This linen brand’s clothing is designed with durability in mind and made with OEKO-TEX certified linen fabric. The label follows fair trade principles and reduces fabric waste by selling their fabric scraps and making garments from multiple fabric pieces.

Price Range: € – €€

Size Range: XS – XL

Based in: Lithuania | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Linen Fox

blue linen clothing set featuring linen shorts, linen wrap top and linen jacket

4. notPERFECTLINEN

Part of the appeal of linen is its’ creases and wrinkles — something that Not Perfect Linen embraces with their collections. In fact their slogan is “the beauty of linen is that it’s not perfect”. In the age of toxic wrinkle-free chemicals getting added to our clothes, that’s something we can stand behind!

This linen clothing brand uses OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certified linen fabric and crafts their slow fashion garments responsibly in Lithuania.

Price Range: $ – $$

Size Range: XS – XL, Option for custom garments for other sizes

Based in: Lithuania | Ships: Internationally

Check Out notPERFECTLINEN

Eco-friendly linen clothing from Not Perfect Linen

5. MATE

Prioritizing natural non-toxic materials, MATE has a collection of effortless linen shorts, slip dresses, button-downs, jumpsuits, and wide-leg pants made from this breathable, lightweight flax fabric.

MATE’s garments are made in Los Angeles — in fact their pieces are knitted, cut, sewn, and dyed within 15 miles of their office. The brand is also a certified B Corp.

Price Range: $$

Size Range: XS – XL

Based in: U.S. | Ships: Within U.S. only

Check Out MATE

forest green eco friendly linen dress

6. OhSevenDays

OhSevenDays was founded by Megan Mummery after seeing the vast supply of surplus fabrics (i.e. deadstock) in Istanbul, Turkey.

While originally sourcing their deadstock fabric from middleman sellers, OhSevenDays now sources their surplus fabrics (including linen) directly from OEKO-TEX fabric mills for better transparency.

Just type “linen” into the search bar to browse all of the brand’s linen clothing!

Price Range: $$

Size Range: XS-XL + custom sizing options

Based in: Turkey | Ships: Internationally

Check Out OhSevenDays

model wearing ruffled blue linen dress from OhSevenDays

7. Baltic Linen Art

From flowy linen dresses for warm sunny weekends to linen shirts for keeping cool at the office to linen overalls for working in the garden, Baltic Linen Art has linen clothes for all your needs.

The linen fashion brand even has linen scrunchies and linen headbands made from leftover fabrics to minimize waste.

Price Range: $ – $$

Size Range: XS – XXL

Based in: | Ships: Internationally

Check out Baltic Linen Art

pink sustainable linen dress from linen clothing brand Baltic Linen Art

8. Reformation

Originally founded as a vintage clothing shop, Reformation has sustainability embedded into its core. They regularly publish their Sustainability Reports which report on their impact on people and planet, as well as the company’s progress towards their goals.

With about two third’s of a fashion brand’s emissions coming from their fabrics, Reformation prioritizes lower impact materials like recycled cotton, Tencel™ Lyocell, and of course linen.

But there’s a whole lot more, from water savings to ethical production, which you can geek out on in their Q4 Sustainability Report.

Price Range: $$ – $$$

Size Range: XS – XL

Based in: US | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Reformation

puff sleeve black sustainable linen top

9. Magic Linen

From classic linen shirts to linen aprons and linen pajamas, Magic Linen is your destination for finding summer-ready sustainable linen clothing for men or women.

The small business’ linen clothing is made with European flax and is certified by OEKO-TEX, which is a third-party that tests for hazardous chemicals.

The Etsy shop also has plenty of linen home goods, like bedding and table linens in case you’re a big fan of the fabric!

Price Range: $-$$

Size Range: XS – XXL

Based in: Lithuania | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Magic Linen

man wearing white linen top from linen clothing brand Magic Linen

10. Beaumont Organic

Looking for breathable garments perfect for your summer getaway to the English countryside or sea? Look no further than Beaumont Organic.

Beaumont Organic is a UK slow fashion brand with garments made from natural fabrics, like flax linen clothing! The brand publishes a directory of the factories they source from — 97% of production takes place in Northern Portugal.

They also have a repair program and are launching a resale program (currently available within the UK only).

Price Range: ££ – £££

Size Range: XS – L

Based in: UK | Ships: Internationally; covers EU customs & fees

Explore Beaumont Organic

orange linen top from UK linen clothing brand Beaumont Organic

11. LoveAndConfuse

The linen clothing from this lovely small Lithuanian brand on Etsy are truly swoon-worthy!

From wrap dresses to ruffled midi’s to high-waisted linen shorts and linen crop tops, their collection of linen fashion will have you dreaming of a slow travel escape to somewhere warm and sunny.

Price Range: $ – $$

Size Range: XS – XL

Based in: Lithuania | Ships: Internationally

Check Out LoveAndConfuse

model wearing blue linen dress from linen clothing brand Love and Confuse

12. Linen Handmade Studio

This small slow fashion label has a gorgeous selection of timeless linen clothing in their Etsy shop.

Linen Handmade Studio uses OEKO-TEX standard-certified linen and designs each piece to last through several seasons to come. And shoppers love this store — this linen clothes brand has a 5-star average rating from over 5,000 reviews.

Price Range: $$

Size Range: US 2-10

Based in: Lithuania | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Linen Handmade Clothing

light blue linen dress from eco friendly linen clothing brand Linen Handmade Studio

13. Neu Nomads

With a mission to create simple, sustainable luxury at affordable prices, Neu Nomads offers quality classics made from earth-minded materials, including organic linen.

You’ll find linen trousers, effortless shirts, chic blouses, summer dresses, and even linen blazers in a range of colors among Neu Nomad’s consciously crafted selection.

Price Range: $ – $$

Size Range: XS – XL

Based in: U.S. | Ships: Internationally

Check Out Neu Nomads

woman wearing mustard yellow linen trousers and linen top - sustainable linen clothing brands

14. tentree

If you’re on the lookout for some easy breezy pieces that’ll keep you cool, calm, and collected all summer long, then look no further. Tentree’s range of lightweight linen clothes are unfussy and every bit as chic.

Most of their linen clothes are blended with TENCEL™ Lyocell to offer more resistance to wrinkles, which means you’re spending a lot less time ironing it. But tentree does a lot more than just help you cut down on some energy consumption. For every item purchased, the brand offsets carbon by planting ten trees for every purchase made. An effort that has helped them earn a Climate Neutral Certified badge since 2021.

Size Range: XS–XL

Price Range: $$-$$$

Based in: Canada | Ships: Internationally

Check out tentree (CA)

15. EILEEN FISHER

Slow fashion label EILEEN FISHER has elegant, minimalistic garments made from eco-minded fabrics including organic linen.

EILEEN FISHER’s organic linen clothing is timeless and made with quality, as part of their circularity efforts. In addition to ensuring their pieces last, the brand also has a resale program called Renew and a “third life” program called Waste No More that repurposes unwearable garments into unique items.

Price Range: $$$

Size Range: XXS – XL

Based in: U.S. | Ships: Within U.S.

Check Out Eileen Fisher

White organic linen clothing from Eileen Fisher

👗 For More Slow Fashion Content:

More Sustainable Clothing Guides:

21 Organic Cotton Fashion Brands

What is Zero Waste Fashion? + 7 Circular Fashion Brands

10 Fashionable Hemp Clothing Brands

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Green Living

Earth911 Inspiration: No Louder Voice?

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Saint Augustine, in a sermon to his congregation, urged them to look beyond books, even to Bible, to see God in nature: “God, whom you want to discover, never wrote a book in ink. Instead, He set before your eyes the things that He had made. Can you ask for a louder voice than that?”

How do we move past the identity politics that dominate discourse on the left and right at this fractured moment and amount to a cacophony of special pleadings for the advantage of small groups, nations, and isolated networks? That’s why we ignore the Earth, because we cannot look up from our daily concerns. We need a new universal value that unites, one that emphasizes human dignity in the context of a restored, regenerating nature.

Earth911 inspirations. Print them, post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day.

The post Earth911 Inspiration: No Louder Voice? appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/living-well-being/earth911-inspiration-no-louder-voice/

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Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet

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Last Updated on February 6, 2026

Have you ever heard of Cancer Alley? It’s an ~85-mile stretch along the banks of the Mississippi River where communities exist beside ~200 fossil fuel and petrochemical operations.

Residents of Cancer Alley are exposed to more than 10x the level of health risk from hazardous air pollutants than people living elsewhere in the state. And it’s worth mentioning the residents exposed are mostly BIPOC and low-income communities.

Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet

But what exactly are petrochemicals? And how exactly do they harm both people and planet? Here’s everything you need to know.

what are petrochemical plants?

Petrochemical plants are facilities that process crude oil and fracked gas to make plastics, industrial chemicals and pesticides. They are usually located near petroleum refineries or integrated into large petrochemical complexes.

Petrochemical factories process and transform hydrocarbons into chemical products used in the plastics, textiles, automotive, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries.

Obtaining the raw materials needed to make petrochemicals is already carbon intensive – and the raw material processing these plants do only pollute further.

what is an example of a petrochemical?

An example of a petrochemical is ethylene, which is the most widespread petrochemical in the world, primarily used in the plastic industry to make polyethylene. You may know polyethylene as plastic resin #2 (HDPE – high density – used for milk jugs, detergent bottles, etc.) and #4 (LDPE – low density – used for plastic grocery bags/film).

Olefins plants (a specific type of petrochemical plant) produces ethylene. These plants use steam crackers and the energy input is considered one of the most energy intensive processes in the chemical industry.

But olefin plants are only one type of petrochemical plant. Aromatic plants produce nezene, toluene, and xylene from naphtha and other refinery streams. These make up dyes, detergents, and plastic products.

Syngas plants use natural gas or coal to generate synthetic gas, which creates industrial chemicals such as ammonia and methanol.

Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet

are petrochemicals harmful?

Petrochemicals have been linked to health problems, including cancer, according to an analysis in the New England Journal of Medicine.

That’s because to make petrochemicals, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pollute the air. Not to mention refineries and plants discharge toxins into waterways, which contributes to water pollution.

According to an Environmental Integrity Project (EIP) report, nearly 70 petrochemical companies across the nation are sending millions of pounds of pollutants into waterways each year due to weak or nonexistent regulations. And yes, it does contaminate drinking water.

Residents of Cancer Alley have experienced this firsthand. Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in their drinking water at levels hundreds of times higher than currently-suggested safe levels for human consumption.

And residents suffer the effects of extreme air pollution on a daily basis. Including increased risks of infertility, respiratory illness and cancer.

According to 70 interviews conducted by Human Rights Watch, women in Cancer Alley reported miscarriages, high-risk pregnancies, and poor health of newborns. Many shared stories of entire communities decimated by cancer (hence the name).

Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet

do petrochemicals harm the environment?

Yes, petrochemicals harm the environment too – petrochemical plants use massive amounts of energy to function, and in doing so, pollute the air, water and soil. Everything is intersectional.

Plus, as we transition away from fossil fuels to power our homes and businesses, petrochemical plants are becoming a lifeline to Big Oil. That’s because crude oil and gas are used to make many petrochemicals.

If petrochemical plants are allowed to grow, unregulated, there will be more consumption of oil and gas to come for decades. This directly contributes to climate change.

what is being done + how can we help?

Cancer Alley residents are fighting for reignition and change.

Sharon Lavigne, a retired special education teacher, founded Rise St. James, an organization focused on bringing environmental justice to the people of St. James Parish. The parish is located in one of Cancer Alley’s polluted hotspots, and Lavigne’s demands are far from radical. She simply wants clean air and drinking water.

Yet a lawsuit filed by the Biden Justice Department and EPA was recently dropped by the current administration.

Robert Taylor, founder of Concerned Citizens of St. John, said “…our government has abandoned us. We have been designated a sacrifice zone.”

Unfortunately, Texas recently also cleared the way for petrochemical expansion despite health warnings.

So how do we make an impact? Here are a few ways we can help:

  • Ditch banks that support the fossil fuel industry in favor of green banks.
  • Avoid using pesticides and advocate against their use on farms. Support local, pesticide-free farmers whenever possible.
  • Speak up and spread the word. Share this article so more people know about petrochemicals and why they harm people + planet.

How are you advocating against petrochemicals? Let me know in the comments!

The post Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet appeared first on Going Zero Waste.

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Green Living

Pizza Boxes Are More Recyclable Than Ever

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Back in 2020, the Recycling Partnership and WestRock released a scientific study demonstrating that used pizza boxes are recyclable, even when greasy and contaminated with cheese. Since that research was published, the findings have driven significant improvements in recycling program acceptance nationwide.

The basic results are clearly favorable for greater acceptance of pizza boxes for recycling. The typical pizza box has 1% to 2% grease content by weight, which is about one-tenth the acceptable level for cardboard (corrugated paperboard) recycling. The study looked at the impact of greasy boxes on mixed recycling loads that include 8% greasy pizza boxes with varying levels of greasy contamination from between 3% and 40%. The recycled materials produced were still viable for packaging use, well within the tensile strength required for packaging.

Recycling Acceptance Has Expanded

Since the study was released, pizza box recycling acceptance has grown substantially. According to the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), 82% of Americans now have access to a community recycling program that accepts pizza boxes—up from 73% in 2020. AF&PA member company mills representing 94% of old corrugated container consumption now accept pizza boxes with no observed impacts to operations or finished product quality.

The AF&PA’s guidance is unambiguous: “Corrugated pizza boxes are successfully recycled every day at paper mills throughout the country. Our industry wants these boxes back to recycle.”

Since about 3 billion pizza boxes are used in the U.S. each year, the improved recycling processes can capture roughly 600,000 tons of cardboard annually that could be turned into new boxes, paper towels, toilet paper, and other paper products.

What To Do Do With Your Next Pizza Box?

Our guidance is based on the research and current program acceptance:

For most Americans: Your recycling program likely accepts pizza boxes. Remove any leftover pizza, flatten the box, and place it in your recycling bin. Light grease stains are acceptable; the science confirms they don’t affect the recycling process.

If your box has a waxed paper liner, remove it before recycling: The box itself can be recycled as normal cardboard.

If your program prohibits pizza boxes: Don’t send materials your program won’t accept. Instead, check the composting options below or contact your local recycling coordinator to share the Recycling Partnership’s toolkit and AF&PA research. Citizen requests carry a lot of weight at local departments of sanitation.

If your box is heavily saturated with grease: Consider composting instead of recycling. While typical grease levels are fine for recycling, boxes that are completely soaked may be better suited for composting programs.

The Recycling Partnership tested a variety of grease- and cheese-contaminated pizza boxes. Only the box on the right approached unacceptable recycling results.

What About The Cheese?

You might ask, “Isn’t cheese a barrier to successful recycling?” Cheese tends to solidify and get screened out during the pulping process,” according to the 2020 report. The researchers tested sending boxes heavily contaminated with cheese through a recycling process and found that it did not significantly reduce the resulting paper fiber’s viability for reuse. Paper mills have become increasingly adept at screening out chunks of cheese during processing.

Composting: A Great Alternative

When recycling isn’t available, or your pizza box is heavily soiled, composting provides an excellent alternative that keeps cardboard out of landfills while creating nutrient-rich soil. Many cities now accept pizza boxes in curbside organics programs:

New York City requires all residents to separate food scraps and food-soiled paper from trash as of April 2025. Pizza boxes are explicitly accepted in the brown bin program.

California jurisdictions statewide must provide organics collection under SB 1383. Food-soiled pizza boxes can go in compostables carts.

Portland, Oregon updated its guidelines under the state’s Recycling Modernization Act. As of July 2025, empty pizza boxes with minimal grease are recyclable, while greasier boxes can go in yard waste bins.

King County, Washington accepts pizza boxes in composting, noting that food-soiled paper can be composted, though clean cardboard is better recycled.

For home composting, tear greasy cardboard into small pieces to speed up decomposition. The cardboard provides essential carbon to balance nitrogen-rich food scraps, improving compost quality.

How to Check Your Local Guidelines

Domino’s partnered with WestRock to launch Recycle My Pizza Box, which lets you enter your ZIP code to find specific recycling guidance for your area. The site also provides template language you can share with local recycling programs that haven’t yet updated their guidelines.

Advocate for Change

If your municipality still lists pizza boxes in the “no” pile, you can help drive change:

The progress since 2020 shows that advocacy works. Communities from Anchorage to New York have updated their programs based on this research.

Eat happily—that box can become the next pizza box you receive, or any number of other paper products that keep valuable fiber in circulation.

Learn More

Editor’s Note: Originally published on July 28, 2020, this article was substantially updated in February 2026.

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