The 2024 edition of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Climate Change and Nuclear Power report has been released. It emphasizes the need to significantly boost investments in nuclear energy to meet global climate goals.
The report, launched during the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) in Brazil, provides a detailed roadmap for expanding nuclear power and underscores its crucial role in helping countries achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
How Nuclear Power Could Transform Global Energy
With climate change and energy security concerns intensifying, countries are increasingly looking toward nuclear power as a viable solution. The report highlights that, to reach net zero emissions by mid-century, a rapid expansion of clean energy technologies is essential.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that achieving net zero carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by 2050 will demand annual energy sector investments of $4.7–$5 trillion from 2030 to 2050. This represents a significant increase compared to the $2.8 trillion invested in 2023.
The IEA also projects that achieving net zero by 2050 will require more than doubling the installed capacity of nuclear power. This aligns with the IAEA’s high-case scenario, which, while not a direct net zero pathway, shows similar growth.
In this case, nuclear energy is expected to play a key role, contributing to a diverse and resilient energy mix. According to the IAEA’s high-case scenario, nuclear power capacity needs to increase by 2.5x its current levels by 2050.

This would provide a reliable source of low-carbon energy, complementing other renewable sources like wind and solar.
The IAEA report stresses that nuclear energy can deliver a steady baseload of clean power, which is particularly important as more intermittent renewable sources come online. This stable power generation can help integrate other renewable energies into the grid more effectively. As such, it ensures that energy supplies remain consistent even when wind or solar resources are low.
Moreover, nuclear power is seen as a critical tool for decarbonizing industrial sectors and supporting advanced energy systems like hydrogen. However, achieving those ambitious nuclear power targets will need substantial investment.
How Much Investment Nuclear Energy Needs
The IAEA estimates that global investment in nuclear energy needs to increase to $125 billion annually. This is up from the current investment of around $50 billion per year between 2017 and 2023. The funding is necessary to build new reactors, upgrade existing infrastructure, and ensure safe operation.
Such a shift is deemed essential for meeting the IAEA’s high-case projection for nuclear capacity expansion by 2050.
For a more aspirational goal of tripling nuclear capacity, which over 20 countries pledged to pursue at COP28, annual investment would need to reach upwards of $150 billion.

These funds would support three key actions crucial for achieving nuclear power capacity goals:
- the construction of new nuclear power plants,
- the development of advanced reactor technologies, and
- the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs).
SMRs are particularly attractive for emerging markets and developing countries due to their smaller size, lower upfront costs, and potential for use in remote areas.
IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi highlighted that while nuclear power plants are cost-competitive and affordable over their long operational lifespans, securing the necessary upfront capital remains a challenge. This is especially true in market-driven economies and developing nations, where access to financing can be limited.
Grossi further noted that:
“The private sector will increasingly need to contribute to financing, but so too will other institutions. The IAEA is engaging multilateral development banks to highlight their potential role in making sure that developing countries have more and better financing options when it comes to investing in nuclear energy.”
Unlocking Private Sector Financing
The report also explores strategies to unlock private-sector finance, a topic that has gained significant attention worldwide.
Last month, during New York Climate Week, 14 major financial institutions, including some of the world’s largest banks, expressed their readiness to support nuclear power projects. These institutions recognize the potential of nuclear energy in achieving climate goals and are willing to contribute to financing new-build projects.
The financial community’s growing interest in nuclear energy is partly driven by recent developments in sustainable finance frameworks. The European Union’s (EU) taxonomy for sustainable activities, which includes nuclear power, has opened the door for new funding opportunities.
- In 2023, the first green bonds for nuclear projects were issued in Finland and France – a significant milestone in sustainable nuclear financing.
These developments show a growing recognition that nuclear energy can be a sustainable part of the clean energy transition. By including nuclear power in green finance frameworks, countries can attract more investment to support new projects and refurbish existing reactors.
To bridge the financing gap, the IAEA’s report emphasizes the need for policy reforms and international cooperation. It suggests that countries must develop strong regulatory frameworks and new delivery models to make nuclear projects more attractive to investors.
Additionally, fostering partnerships between governments, financial institutions, and the private sector is essential for mobilizing the necessary capital.
Addressing the Challenges Ahead
Despite the promising outlook, the IAEA’s 2024 report acknowledges the challenges in expanding nuclear power, including:
- the need for skilled labor,
- supply chain development, and
- stakeholder engagement to ensure that new projects are implemented smoothly.
The report also notes the importance of public acceptance and community engagement in advancing nuclear energy projects. In particular, transparent communication about the safety, environmental benefits, and economic impact of nuclear power is essential to gain public support and overcome misconceptions about nuclear technology.
Ultimately, the report highlights that a successful transition to a global clean energy mix will require unlocking the full potential of nuclear power with the right investments and collaboration.
The post $125 Billion Annual Boost in Nuclear Power Needed to Hit Net Zero, IAEA Says appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
CATL’s Profit Surges 42% With Global Battery Demand and the Shift to a Zero-Carbon Future
The post CATL’s Profit Surges 42% With Global Battery Demand and the Shift to a Zero-Carbon Future appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Nvidia’s $2B Bet in AI: Powering Innovation with Nebius and Palantir While Tackling Energy Impact
Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing many industries. NVIDIA, the company that designs the chips and systems that power large AI models and data centers, leads in AI technology and hardware.
The big tech company made headlines with major news about its AI investments and partnerships with Nebius and Palantir Technologies. These moves have implications for environmental sustainability, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions.
NVIDIA’s $2B Nebius Investment Fuels AI Cloud Expansion
NVIDIA announced it will invest $2 billion in Nebius, a cloud infrastructure company. This investment aims to support AI cloud expansion and data center capacity.
NVIDIA will take an 8.3% stake in Nebius through this investment. The cloud provider plans to build AI data centers with more than 5 gigawatts of capacity by 2030. This capacity is roughly enough power for over 4 million U.S. homes.
The partnership includes early access to NVIDIA’s compute hardware and software. The companies will work together on large‑scale AI computing clusters. Nebius also received approval to build a 1.2 gigawatt data center campus in Missouri, U.S.
Nvidia (NVDA) stock saw a modest increase, while Nebius Group (NBIS) shares soared over 16% following the announcement of the investment. The deal drove significant investor confidence in Nebius.


What This Means for Energy and Emissions
AI data centers use a lot of electricity. They power powerful chips and run complex models. Building larger infrastructure without considering energy efficiency can raise carbon emissions.
But NVIDIA’s hardware and software often aim to improve performance per watt. Improved efficiency means less energy per unit of computation. Better energy use can reduce running costs and overall emissions at scale.
At CES 2026, NVIDIA unveiled its Rubin architecture for data center GPUs, claiming 40% higher energy efficiency per watt over the prior generation. Unlike single chips, Rubin unites six specialized chips into a rack-level system, slashing power for massive AI workloads while boosting speed. This advances NVIDIA’s “Green AI” for sustainable data centers.

Still, expanding data center capacity will add to total energy demand. For this reason, it is important that such expansions use low‑carbon electricity sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower.
Operational AI with Palantir: Smarter Workflows, Lower Emissions
NVIDIA and Palantir Technologies announced a collaboration to build an integrated operational AI technology stack. This stack combines the chipmaker’s accelerated computing and AI software with Palantir’s data intelligence platform.
Justin Boitano, vice president, Enterprise AI Platforms, NVIDIA, said:
“AI is redefining the infrastructure stack — demanding, latency-sensitive and data-sovereign environments require a full-stack architecture — built from silicon to systems to software. By combining Palantir’s sovereign AI OS reference architecture with NVIDIA AI infrastructure, industries and nations can turn data into intelligence with speed, efficiency, and trust.”
NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang also noted that ‘Palantir and NVIDIA share a vision: to put AI into action, turning enterprise data into decision intelligence.’ The partnership was highlighted at NVIDIA’s GTC Washington, D.C. event.
This technology helps businesses and governments use AI to manage data and decision intelligence. It allows complex data from supply chains, logistics, and operations to feed into AI systems, which can make real‑time decisions and improve efficiency.
For example, systems built on this stack can automate workflows, optimize routes, and predict supply needs. Logistics and supply processes often involve fuel use and emissions. AI tools that help optimize these processes can help companies reduce waste and energy use.
This partnership also includes integration of NVIDIA’s AI models and tools into the Palantir platform. The combined stack supports automation and digital decision making for complex operations.
AI’s Role in Net‑Zero and Emission Reductions
AI technology has potential benefits for climate and environmental goals. AI can help sectors in many ways, such as:
- Energy systems planning: AI can optimize grid load, match supply and demand, and reduce waste.
- Industrial operations: AI can monitor and adjust machinery to cut fuel use and emissions.
- Transportation and logistics: AI routing tools can lower fuel consumption and emissions.
- Building efficiency: Smart systems can reduce energy use in heating or cooling.
These applications show that AI can support net‑zero goals across industries.
In particular, using operational AI to improve logistics and supply chains can help companies reduce emissions. AI tools can analyze traffic, weather, and delivery patterns in real time. They can recommend routes that use less fuel and avoid delays. AI can also reduce idle time for trucks, ships, and warehouse equipment.
Logistics is a major source of emissions. According to the International Energy Agency, transport accounted for about 23% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions in recent years. Freight transport alone produces roughly 40% of transport emissions.

AI optimization can lower these emissions. Research from the World Economic Forum shows that digital technologies such as AI, data platforms, and automation could cut logistics emissions by up to 10–15% by 2030. These tools improve route planning, fleet efficiency, and cargo utilization.
Industry studies show similar results. McKinsey & Company estimates that AI-based route optimization can reduce fuel use in logistics fleets by about 5–10%. Even small gains can matter at scale. For example, a large delivery fleet that burns 100 million liters of fuel per year could save 5–10 million liters annually using smarter routing systems.

These estimates help explain why companies are investing in operational AI platforms. When applied across supply chains, AI can help businesses lower fuel use, reduce emissions, and improve efficiency at the same time.
NVIDIA’s technology, including high‑performance GPUs, optimized software, and AI models, can be part of these solutions. By improving performance per watt and enabling energy‑aware workflows, the tech giant contributes to both the growth of AI and the efficiency of systems that use it.
AI for Efficiency and Sustainability
Artificial intelligence has a dual climate role:
- AI systems can be energy‑intensive and add to electricity demand.
- AI tools can also help optimize energy use in other sectors.
AI computing infrastructure continues to expand. More powerful chips and larger data centers mean higher energy use. Research shows that data center energy demand could nearly double by 2030 due to AI workloads alone. AI servers and cooling systems are energy‑intensive, and they also use significant water resources.

However, efficiency improvements and smarter energy use can reduce emissions. New hardware designs, better cooling technologies, and renewable power integration can lower the environmental footprint of AI computing.
Major cloud providers and AI infrastructure firms, including NVIDIA partners, are investing in energy‑efficient systems. This includes technologies that cut power demand and reduce heat waste.
NVIDIA’s push for next‑generation hardware, such as chips designed to improve energy efficiency per computation, helps support these goals. GPUs and AI accelerators that do more work with less energy can have a positive impact on total energy use over time.
Conclusion: Balancing Growth and Sustainability
NVIDIA’s recent news shows the company’s strategy at the center of AI growth. Its $2 billion investment in Nebius will help expand AI cloud infrastructure. The collaboration with Palantir aims to bring AI tools into complex enterprise operations.
At the same time, AI infrastructure carries environmental challenges. Data centers and high‑performance computing need vast energy. But the deployment of more efficient hardware, smarter software, and renewable energy integration can reduce this impact.
NVIDIA’s technologies, when used to improve energy use and emissions management, can help companies work toward net‑zero targets. As AI continues to grow, balancing innovation with sustainability will remain essential.
The post Nvidia’s $2B Bet in AI: Powering Innovation with Nebius and Palantir While Tackling Energy Impact appeared first on Carbon Credits.
Carbon Footprint
Trafigura to Buy 80,000 Tonnes Over 10 Years from U.S. Smackover Project
Trafigura has signed a long-term offtake agreement to purchase lithium carbonate from the South West Arkansas (SWA) Project. Smackover Lithium is a joint venture between Standard Lithium Ltd. and Equinor ASA.
Trafigura Secures Long-Term Lithium Supply
Trafigura will purchase 8,000 metric tonnes of battery-grade lithium carbonate each year from the SWA Project. The agreement runs for ten years, bringing the total contracted supply to about 80,000 tonnes.
The contract follows a take-or-pay structure. This means Trafigura must purchase the agreed volume every year or pay for it regardless. Agreements like this are common in mining and energy because they provide financial certainty for new projects.
Deliveries will begin once the project enters commercial production. The partners expect production to start in 2028, while the final investment decision is planned for 2026. Notably, for developers, long-term supply contracts often play a key role. They signal market confidence and make it easier to secure project financing.
Gonzalo De Olazaval, Head of Metals and Minerals at Trafigura, commented:
“We are pleased to have signed this offtake agreement with Smackover Lithium, further strengthening our North American critical minerals footprint. The SWA Project is expected to provide a reliable source of battery-grade lithium carbonate produced in the United States, enhancing domestic supply chains. We look forward to collaborating with Smackover Lithium on this strategic project and to delivering this material to customers across North America and globally.”
Unlocking The South West Arkansas Lithium Project
The SWA Project sits in southern Arkansas near the borders of Texas and Louisiana. It lies within the Smackover Formation, a geological region known for lithium-rich brine deposits.
- Smackover Lithium operates the project as a joint venture. Standard Lithium owns 55%, while Equinor holds 45%, and Standard Lithium serves as the operator.
The project covers roughly 30,000 acres of brine leases. The first phase of development focuses on the Reynolds Brine Unit, which spans more than 20,800 acres. Regulators approved the unit without objections from local stakeholders. And this approval marked an important milestone for the project’s development.
The first stage of the project aims to produce about 22,500 tonnes of battery-grade lithium carbonate each year. Nearby leases offer additional space for future expansion if production increases.
Direct Lithium Extraction at the Core
The project will rely on direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology to recover lithium from underground brine.
Traditional lithium operations often use evaporation ponds that take months or even years to produce lithium chemicals. In contrast, DLE removes lithium directly from brine using specialized materials and chemical processes.
After extraction, the remaining brine is usually pumped back underground. This process helps maintain reservoir pressure and reduces surface water use.
Because of these advantages, DLE has attracted strong attention across the lithium industry. It can shorten production times and reduce the land footprint of operations. The company has spent several years testing and refining this technology. The SWA Project aims to apply it on a commercial scale.
Smackover Formation: A Rising Center for U.S. Lithium Production
The Smackover Formation stretches from central Texas to the Florida Panhandle. It is widely considered one of the most promising lithium brine regions in North America. Lithium concentrations in the formation are comparable to those found in major production areas in Argentina and Chile.
Arkansas sits at the center of this resource. The region already has a long industrial history. Oil and gas production began there in the early twentieth century. Later, the region became a key hub for bromine extraction from brine.

This industrial background created several advantages for lithium development. Infrastructure such as wells, pipelines, and processing facilities already exists. In addition, the local workforce has decades of experience handling brine extraction.
Because of this foundation, lithium production can build on existing systems rather than starting from scratch. Furthermore, the region also faces fewer water stress challenges than some lithium-rich areas in South America or the western United States. This improves the long-term feasibility of brine-based lithium projects.
Strong Resources Support the Project
The company revealed that resource estimates suggest the SWA Project holds significant lithium potential. Current studies project about 447,000 tonnes of proven lithium carbonate equivalent reserves.
This represents roughly 38 percent of the project’s measured and indicated resource base, which totals about 1.17 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent.
The operation will begin production with lithium concentrations of around 549 milligrams per liter in the brine. Over its estimated 20-year operating life, the project is expected to process about 0.20 cubic kilometers of brine. The average lithium concentration during that period is expected to remain around 481 milligrams per liter.
Higher lithium grades play a major role in project economics. Strong concentrations allow producers to recover more lithium from each unit of brine. As a result, processing costs fall, and efficiency improves.
Because of this, projects with both strong grades and large resources tend to attract greater interest from investors and long-term buyers.

U.S. Lithium Potential in a Global Context
Lithium resources in the United States come from several geological sources.
- According to the latest data from the U.S. Geological Survey, measured and indicated lithium resources in the country are estimated at around 30 million tons.
These resources occur in different types of deposits, including continental brines, oilfield brines, geothermal brines, claystone deposits, hectorite, and hard-rock pegmatites.
Global exploration continues to expand the lithium resource base. And worldwide, measured and indicated lithium resources are estimated at 150 million tons. As exploration advances and new extraction technologies emerge, more regions are becoming viable sources of lithium supply.

Rising Demand from EVs, Energy Storage, and AI
Lithium demand continues to increase across several sectors. The largest driver remains the electric vehicle market.
In the United States, lithium demand for EV batteries is expected to grow by about 25% per year over the next decade. This growth rate exceeds the projected global EV demand growth of about 13 percent annually.

Energy storage is another rapidly expanding market. Large battery systems help store electricity from renewable sources such as solar and wind power and release it when demand rises.
At the same time, digital infrastructure is creating new pressure on electricity systems. Data centers that support artificial intelligence require massive amounts of energy. This trend is pushing utilities to expand battery storage capacity.
Because of these factors, the U.S. energy storage market could grow by roughly 29 percent per year, further increasing the need for lithium-based batteries.
A Practical Shift in the U.S. Lithium Story
For many years, the United States relied heavily on imported lithium materials. However, that approach is slowly changing.
Projects like the SWA development show how companies are trying to rebuild parts of the battery supply chain domestically. Instead of shipping raw materials across several continents, producers are exploring ways to supply lithium closer to battery and vehicle manufacturing centers.
The Smackover region fits naturally into this transition. Its geology, infrastructure, and long history of brine extraction already support industrial operations.
The agreement with Trafigura adds another layer of confidence. Commodity traders usually commit to long-term supply deals only when they believe a project has strong potential.
If development moves forward as planned, the SWA Project could turn southern Arkansas into a new center for lithium production. Over time, the region may shift from its long history of oil, gas, and bromine toward a growing role in supplying the battery metals needed for modern energy systems.
- READ MORE: U.S. Lithium Push: How Washington’s Bet on Lithium Americas Could Reshape the Global Market
The post Trafigura to Buy 80,000 Tonnes Over 10 Years from U.S. Smackover Project appeared first on Carbon Credits.
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