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Botswana’s new climate plan focuses on adapting to drought, floods and cyclones over cutting planet-heating gases, in a move praised by African climate negotiators as a model that low-emitting vulnerable countries should follow.

The government plan – or nationally determined contribution (NDC) – submitted to the UN on Christmas Eve, does not significantly strengthen a 2030 emissions-cutting goal from an earlier version, but adds specific targets to promote adaptation measures like rooftop water storage tanks and drought-tolerant crops and cows.

As part of the 2015 Paris climate agreement, all countries are supposed to submit stronger NDCs every five years. While a handful have done so already in the latest round, most of the 194 signatories to the accord will put forward their third plan this year. Having failed to submit an updated plan like most nations did around 2020, Botswana’s new NDC is only its second.

Its government said in the document that “as Botswana is one of the lowest emitters of [greenhouse gases] in the world, the limited financial resources available will be prioritised for adaptation to reduce the country’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change”.

The southern African country plans to spend $2.1 billion on adapting and $0.9 billion on cutting emissions by 2030. If it gets foreign funding and support, it says it will spend an extra $0.4 billion on adaptation and $2.7 billion more on mitigation through things like solar power and biogas plants.

Fatuma Hussein, a Kenyan climate negotiator for the African Group, which represents the continent at UN climate talks, said Botswana’s approach is “laudable” and reflects the “unique circumstances and challenges faced by many African countries” which emit very low levels of greenhouse gases but face extreme climate impacts.

“For a country with minimal global emissions, this focus makes sense,” Hussein said, although she added that African countries should not neglect measures to curb emissions as projects like renewable energy and sustainable agriculture can make them more resilient to climate warming as well as slowing it down.

Julius Mbatia, a fellow Kenyan negotiator, said priorities for vulnerable developing countries must reflect “their lived circumstances” in the world of climate cooperation “where their voice is barely heard” nor their asks for climate finance for a just and resilient transition “accorded due seriousness”.

Tipping point

Botswana’s plan, developed by the meteorological services department with support from the United Nations, warns that “based on the harsh semi-arid environment, acute water scarcity and fragile ecosystems, Botswana is already at a tipping point”.

“Climate change could be the defining parameter to tip the scale to irreversible disastrous points for the country and its people,” it adds.

In particular, it reports annual heatwaves, severe droughts, flooding from tropical cyclones coming off the Indian Ocean and winter cold fronts, and destructive hailstorms. The plan includes over 50 numerical targets on how to adapt to these threats.

To tackle drought, the government aims to connect all feasible settlements to water pipelines, encourage desalination plants, reduce water waste and triple the percentage of public buildings with water storage tanks.

It also aims to reduce the livestock mortality rate from 25% to 10%. One way it plans to do this is by encouraging the Mosi breed of cow, which can survive with less food and water.

The country has been importing more cattle that are better able to withstand drought and disease from Texas and breeding them with local cattle using artificial insemination in a UN-backed programme.

Similarly, Botswana plans to distribute drought-tolerant seeds to half of its smallholder farmers and three-quarters of commercial farmers.

Warnings and maintenance

So that it can warn people about storms and floods, the government plans to expand the number of automated weather stations on its soil from 19 to 600, and produce seasonal weather forecasts for all districts.

It also aims to keep all drainage systems and government infrastructure well-maintained, and ensure that all new buildings are “climate smart” and use “climate-proof materials”.

The plan maintains the country’s target, set in its first NDC in 2016, to cut emissions by 15% by 2030 compared with a business-as-usual projection.

To help achieve this, it sets new targets – not included in the previous five-page NDC – for specific emissions-reduction measures. These include replacing 2 million incandescent lightbulbs with more energy-efficient LED bulbs and installing 20,000 solar water pumps.

Global goal on adaptation

Over the next year, every government signed up to the Paris Agreement is supposed to produce a more ambitious NDC climate plan with a 2035 target to reduce emissions. Hussein said she also expects Botswana to submit another NDC.

Of the handful of mainly larger nations – including climate summit hosts Brazil and the United Arab Emirates – to have released their plan so far, none have set numerical adaptation targets like Botswana does.

At November’s COP30 climate conference in Brazil, nations are due to agree on indicators to measure progress under a “Global Goal on Adaptation”. National targets put forward by developing countries are feeding into this process and are likely to continue to do so.

Commenting on the UN climate talks, Mbatia of Kenya said more work is needed to define effective ways to measure adaptation.

“The world must now discuss methodologies and practices of determining the adequacy of adaptation targets set and assessing progress in implementing adaptation actions,” he added.

(Reporting by Joe Lo and Vivian Chime; editing  by Megan Rowling)

The post With drought-hardy cows, Botswana prioritises adaptation in new climate plan appeared first on Climate Home News.

With drought-hardy cows, Botswana prioritises adaptation in new climate plan

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Major oil producers among 46 nations joining fossil fuel phase-out summit

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Forty-six countries, including major oil, coal and gas producers such as Canada, Australia, Brazil and Norway, have confirmed they will attend next month’s first conference on speeding up the global shift from fossil fuels, the Colombian government said on Tuesday.

The summit, being held in the Colombian port city of Santa Marta from April 24-29, aims to cement an international coalition of nations committed to ending the world’s reliance on planet-heating oil, coal and natural gas. 

The conference represents an “unprecedented opportunity” for the energy transition as it brings hydrocarbon-producing nations together with fossil fuel consumers and countries at the forefront of the climate crisis, Colombia’s acting environment minister, Irene Vélez Torres, said in a statement.

“Despite our differences, all participants agree on the need to prioritize science and to move forward, urgently and in a coordinated manner, toward phasing out the production and consumption of natural gas, coal, and oil,” she added.

    Who is going to Santa Marta?

    Canada is the largest fossil fuel producer confirmed to attend. The country accounts for roughly 6% of global oil output and 5% of gas production, with both sectors expanding over the past decade, according to the Energy Institute.

    Its powerful fossil fuel industry continues to push for increased production and new export markets, particularly in Asia. However, further investment risks creating stranded assets, according to a recent report by Carbon Tracker. Canada’s latest national climate plan did not include any concrete measures to curb its fossil fuel production.

    Australia will also be represented in Santa Marta as co-host of the COP31 climate summit. One of the world’s largest exporters of coal and liquefied natural gas, Australia supplies energy-hungry markets across Asia. The centre-left government led by Anthony Albanese has approved 36 new or extended fossil fuel projects since taking office in 2022, according to the Climate Council.

    Fellow COP31 co-host Turkey is also set to attend. Despite growing investment in renewables, the country remains heavily reliant on coal power. Murat Kurum, the incoming COP31 president, said last month that emissions cuts should not come at the expense of economic growth. “We cannot simplify things down to only fossil fuels,” he said.

    Norway, another participant, has built its wealth on oil and gas exports and has become a key supplier to Europe following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. While positioning itself as a climate leader, Norway argues its relatively low-emissions production can help meet demand during the transition, a stance critics say undermines global efforts to phase out fossil fuels.

    The list of participants also includes Brazil and Mexico, both among the world’s top oil producers; Angola, one of Africa’s leading oil exporters; Senegal, which only began producing oil two years ago; and Trinidad and Tobago, where hydrocarbons generate around half of government revenue. Vietnam remains heavily dependent on coal for power generation but is working with wealthy nations to accelerate a shift to renewables.

    Notably absent are the world’s largest fossil fuel producers and consumers, including the United States, Saudi Arabia and Russia, which together account for nearly half of global oil production. The biggest coal producers, China and India, are also not on the current list of participants.

    Attendees also include nations that are highly vulnerable to the climate crisis primarily caused by burning fossil fuels, including island nations Palau, Fiji and Vanuatu, and Sierra Leone.

    More momentum than commitments

    The Santa Marta conference is expected to deliver political momentum rather than binding commitments, with organisers aiming to launch a “coalition of the willing” to advance a fossil fuel phase-out outside the constraints of UN consensus negotiations.

    The outcomes of the summit are also expected to inform discussions at COP31, where an informal roadmap to transition away from fossil fuels drafted by the Brazilian COP30 team is expected to be delivered.

    Ugandan farmers use British court to try to stop East Africa oil pipeline

    Andreas Sieber, head of political strategy at campaign group 350.org, told Climate Home News that “starting with a coalition of doers creates momentum”.

    “This also comes at a critical point in time, when ordinary people bear the cost of fossil fuel volatility and geopolitical shocks,” he added. “These countries can demonstrate what credible transition looks like and compel others to follow”.

    Colombia’s Vélez Torres said last week that the global energy shock triggered by the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran could give countries the chance to build a “new geopolitical balance” by boosting the transition away from fossil fuels.

    The post Major oil producers among 46 nations joining fossil fuel phase-out summit appeared first on Climate Home News.

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    Ocean Treaty passes Australian Parliament, a “historic moment” for nature protection

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    CANBERRA, Tuesday 31 March 2026 — Greenpeace Australia Pacific has welcomed the Parliament’s ratification of the Global Ocean Treaty, creating the opportunity for world-first high seas ocean sanctuaries.

    Environment Minister Murray Watt today announced the treaty, the most significant global nature protection agreement in a decade, will be ratified by the Australian parliament. The bill has now passed the Senate and House of Representatives with support from the major parties, clearing the final hurdle towards ratification.

    David Ritter, CEO at Greenpeace Australia Pacific, said: “Ratifying the Global Ocean Treaty is genuinely historic. At a time of unprecedented pressure from destructive industrial fishing, severe climate impacts, plastic pollution and mining, Australia has chosen to join the global effort to protect our magnificent oceans.”

    Australia was one of the first countries to sign its intent to ratify the treaty in 2023, and we have a long and distinguished history of leadership on global ocean protection. Under the new treaty Australia has the necessary legal tools to drive the creation of high seas ocean sanctuaries.

    “The Global Ocean Treaty is the most significant global nature agreement for many years, and has the power to protect the world’s high seas and safeguard precious and endangered wildlife,” Ritter added.

    “With the Treaty now in force, Australia has an important opportunity to drive the creation of ocean sanctuaries on the high seas that are fully protected, no-take zones, which will allow wildlife populations to recover and thrive.

    “We thrill at the whales and albatross, and all of the animals of the deep wild oceans, great and small–and now the world has the legal ability to protect them by creating high seas sanctuaries; massive parks at sea where nature can thrive.

    “We are an island nation of ocean lovers, and all Australians are entitled to expect that our government will take this incredible new opportunity to protect the ocean.”

    Greenpeace is calling on the Australian government to build on our national legacy by ensuring that this landmark agreement delivers lasting protection for our precious oceans.

    “We’re calling on Minister Watt to create five high seas sanctuaries in our region, starting with a large ocean sanctuary in the Tasman Sea, between Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand.”

    Currently, less than 1 per cent of the global ocean is highly or fully protected. Closing the High Seas protection gap from under 1 per cent to 30 per cent in four years, to meet the globally-agreed 30×30 target, will require governments to protect ocean areas larger than entire continents and to do so faster than any conservation effort in history. Australia will now have a seat at the table for the very first Oceans COP, due before February 2027, where nations will discuss the design and implementation of the treaty.

    —ENDS—

    For more information or to arrange an interview, please contact Vai Shah on +61 452 290 082 or vai.shah@greenpeace.org

    High res images and footage of Australia’s oceans can be found here

    Ocean Treaty passes Australian Parliament, a “historic moment” for nature protection

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    Climate Change

    Looking to Jesus and Buddha, a Kentucky Passionist Priest Finds Hope Amid an Enveloping Global Environmental Crisis

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    Father Joe Mitchell works to create a “new story” that recognizes the interconnectedness of people and nature.

    LOUISVILLE, Ky.—Father Joe Mitchell, a Passionist priest, returned home here in 2004 to create a nonprofit center that focuses on what he saw as two major disconnects.

    Looking to Jesus and Buddha, a Kentucky Passionist Priest Finds Hope Amid an Enveloping Global Environmental Crisis

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