Weather Guard Lightning Tech

Transforming Wind Turbine Inspections with Voliro’s Contact-Enabled Drones
Allen and Joel talk to Laurent Zimmerli, Vice President of Customer Experience at Voliro. Voliro is a Swiss company that creates drones and robotics to transform the industrial inspection and maintenance processes. Their flagship “Voliro T” drone is designed for stable and controlled contact with surfaces, enabling efficient inspection of wind turbines including non-destructive testing and lightning protection system testing. Visit https://voliro.com/ for more!
Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly email update on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary Barnes’ YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us!
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Allen Hall: Welcome to the special edition of the Uptime Wind Energy Podcast. I’m your host, Allen Hall, along with my co host, Joel Saxum. Today, we have the pleasure of speaking with Laurent Zimmerli, Vice President of Customer Experience at Voliro. And Voliro is a pioneering Swiss company applying drones and robotics to transform inspection and maintenance processes.
Founded in 2016 out of ETH Zurich’s Autonomous Systems Lab, Voliro has quickly become a leader in industrial inspections and non destructive. Testing their flagship offering is the Voliro T drone known for its stability and reliability in confined spaces. Thanks to its omni directional control. We’re all welcome to the program.
Laurent Zimmerli: Thanks Allen. Thanks for having me. It’s great to be on the show today.
Joel Saxum: We had this conversation. Okay. We’re fresh off of OMS and blades and people talking. Lightning protection has been. Huge. Everybody’s talking about it. Lightning protectionist. Weather Guard lightning tech, that’s what we do, right?
We’re talking StrikeTape to people all the time. The first thing we ask them is, when was the last time you got your lightning protection systems tested? And a lot of times we get this glassy eyed look. Do we do that? They look at someone else and pull their phone out Do we do that? This is, this, and this is one of the reasons we want to talk to you.
We want to touch on Voliro and all of the offerings you guys offer, because I know you’re working on NDT things. You’re working on a lot of cool stuff, because you’ve solved a base root problem. So let’s jump into that. The base root problem of flying drones and being in contact with surfaces.
Laurent Zimmerli: Yeah, that’s exactly, that’s actually how it started back in 2016 at ETH Zurich as a research project.
So we definitely didn’t think about testing lightning protection systems of wind turn turbines back then, because it was mainly about what you just explained. It was how can we create a drone that can establish contact in a stable and controlled way with a surface or an object? If you’re looking at a, like a conventional multi copter drone, whenever it moves sideways or forwards or backwards, the whole drone tilts in the direction of the movement.
That’s basically how it works. The, like the back prop spin, spin harder and then it tilts and then it moves, which completely, which is the perfect way of moving. That’s how a helicopter works as well, right? Now, if you’re in motion it’s not a problem in terms of stability because you’re in motion.
However. If you want to push against the surface, or if you want to apply force against an object, the vehicle will not move. And if it tilts, it becomes unstable. And at some point, if you push too hard, it just basically falls over.
Joel Saxum: It’ll flip over.
Laurent Zimmerli: Yeah, yeah. So basically the question back then is, was how can we redesign the airframe, that the vehicle the drone, the, So that it can actually remain stable when it gets into combat.
And that’s how it started back in 2016 in the research lab.
Allen Hall: So the tilt is the problem, right? That any sort of other drone has to have tilt to apply any force. And that’s why we don’t see a lot of drone applications on LPS systems, on wind turbines. And that is the key, right? So I, one of the problems with any LPS resistance measurement, even with technicians, if you watch, is that it does require a good bit of force to push these probes into the receptors to get an accurate reading, because a lot of the resistance is actually in the contact between the probe and the receptor.
So you have to apply force. That’s not easy for a standard drone to do. For a human, sometimes they don’t apply enough force. If you look at resistance measurements. Sometimes you see they’re a little erratic because they’re not applying a proper force to get through like oxidation levels and on the surface of the receptor and all these other minute things that matter.
So then the technique for Voliro then is to have basically be able to rotate. Is that the solution here?
Laurent Zimmerli: That’s exactly the solution. So the big difference is that. Instead of tilting the vehicle to move or push forward, we’re tilting the rotors. So it’s the propellers that can actually tilt forward.
They can tilt backwards and sidewards. And they can do it in, independent of each other. So they don’t have to tilt in the same direction. So if you have a perfect day, zero wind, perfect conditions, of course you only need to push forward and it’s all good. But that’s like probably happening one once in a hundred years.
We build wind farms in windy areas for a reason, right? That’s exactly it. So you ever, you always have a little bit of wind. There’s always a gust surprising you at some point. And while you’re pushing, you need to be prepared for that. And for that’s why the independent tilting of the rotors can not only apply pressure, but it can actually also counteract external forces like wind, like gusts, everything like that.
And that’s actually not, just basically to to come back to something Joe mentioned before, it’s not just a case for the LPS testing. It’s for any work at heights that you do where you need to apply force. So you were quickly mentioning NDT, non destructive testing. So where you push sensors against steel structures, for example.
You also need to have a constant force. You also need to have a stable interaction. And you also have these kind of conditions because it’s not just the general weather conditions. It’s also the fact that we’re close to structures. Per definition, we’re flying close to structures. That scares people.
It scares people. And also it makes it harder because there’s, there can be different kinds of winds and turbulences because there are structures, right? So that’s basically a key of the solution to work. It’s not just the lab kind of conditions to apply the 30 Newton of force or how much you need, but it’s also to be able to keep that.
While the situation or the conditions around the drone are changing, exactly.
Joel Saxum: When you talk about the drone, I’m immediately, I’ve seen it, right? I’ve watched YouTube videos, I know what the solution looks like. But for people that may not, think about the movie Avatar. A lot of people have seen this, right?
Those flying vehicles, where the, like the helicopter things that they fly around in? where they can individually pitch and I think they can pitch and roll them too. That’s what the system looks like.
Laurent Zimmerli: Absolutely. Yeah. As you mentioned the name of the of the drone, we call it Voliro T for a reason, because it’s a, it’s a T shape.
You have the two rotors in the front that are like for any kind of multi, a multi copter, but then instead of have another two in the back. You have a straight tail going back again in a T shape, which has another rotor, which then helps also to stabilize the system. And one thing I actually haven’t mentioned and that’s not necessarily important for LPS, but for many other applications, we’re not just able to apply this pressure horizontally and, but we can actually tilt the whole drone upwards and downwards and then apply the force in any angle.
We can also do a bottom up or a top down. arbitrary angle and then apply the force in the direction of the sensors. And that’s all thanks to the rotating, the tilting rotors. And the the system, which is really designed for this.
Joel Saxum: I’m sitting in my office right now. There’s a wall a meter away from me.
If I had a yardstick or a meter stick, and I was pushing it on the wall. That’s what we’re trying to do, because that becomes basically a fulcrum and a vertex, right? So that point where I want to touch the wall, I need to have good contact with that all the time. And if I take the yardstick and I push straight onto it with my thumb on the back, I can maintain that position fairly easily.
But if I start leaning the yardstick up and that’s what a normal drone, say a DJI phantom four M three hundred, whatever that may be. When you try to put pressure forward, you watch it fly. It has to do this, right? It has to lift the tail and go forward. So if I start lifting the tail, I can’t keep that yardstick on the wall there.
It’s very difficult, but if I’m able to keep the, basically The vector of force going straight at it, which is what your drone does by tilting the rotors themselves and pushing at it. Then I can keep that thing on point.
Laurent Zimmerli: In general in the industry, in the robotics industry because pragmatic people have been impatient, which is absolutely understandable and which makes total sense, but the problem is that then they try stuff and then those videos are online where you see these drones crash and then people just lose confidence.
Into this and faith into this kind of technology.
Joel Saxum: So right now you guys have a commercialized system. You’re rolling it out worldwide. You’ve had, I think the last time we talked to you had done around, was it 700 LPS tests in the field?
Laurent Zimmerli: It was 700 in 2023. And we’ve already done a bunch this year.
I don’t know how many, to be honest, but 700 last year and about 200 the year before when we started using it.
Joel Saxum: So we’re over a thousand more, more than likely that you guys have actually deployed in the field and most of these in the EU, or have you broken it out in the U S or where are you working at for LPS?
Laurent Zimmerli: It’s probably about 50, 50. We’ve done the, so the early adoption program in 2022, we’ve done a few campaigns with our customers in Europe, Northern Germany, for example. But now our customers who are the inspection providers. So just to be, maybe to add this so we are providing the technology, but we’re not doing the service because our customers usually are service providers who use drones doing inspections in some cases, it’s also turbine manufacturers who do their inspections themselves.
It depends a little bit, but most of the time it’s an inspection provider. And, but what we do and what we especially did during early adoption, obviously, is we went out together with our customers. To do the inspections and that was mainly, again, early adoption was mainly around Europe, but now our customers that we managed to get last year and who are using the system, that’s actually more happening in North America.
So we have campaigns being flown in, in, in the U. S. We have a customer that’s going to do a campaigning in Canada later this year. And then we do have a bunch in Europe as well, but the focus started shifting towards North America.
Joel Saxum: It’s needed over here. This is from the people dealing with lightning protection upgrades.
It’s needed over here big time. We don’t have the, I know that it’s Germany and I think France. They also, they have statutory laws where it’s one year, two years, you must inspect your, that’s great because it’s a, that’s a safety thing, right? And over here, we just. The U S doesn’t like to be told what to do.
So everybody’s left to their own devices.
Laurent Zimmerli: No, but I guess, so what we hear it’s in, because I was just talking to a customer today who is operate not only, but they are also operating in the U S and and what they hear or what they feel from their customers is that one of the reasons why they would start increasing inspections on lightning protection systems is that they were also scared of, Basically of the contracts they have with the grid.
So they need to deliver a certain amount of energy electricity to the grid. And if they have damaged turbines and they cannot deliver, it’s going to become super expensive because they have to buy it from a different provider. The other provider knows it. They ask for, I don’t know, fantasy prices. So it’s going to be super tough for them.
And if they can basically do more regular checks and be sure that this is The risk is decreased or eliminated that’s in terms of risk management, a huge factor.
Joel Saxum: So let’s talk this way then. Okay. So we’ve got listeners listening right now. Maybe they want some LPS inspections on the website.
I see three and a half megawatt turbine completed an LPS inspection in 40 minutes. Now, the reason that this is important and super important really for a mass rollout of LPS inspections is that. Traditionally, these are people on ropes or people in man baskets or people in trucks. And you might get one or two turbines done a day because you’re rigging and moving and all this good stuff.
So that those, they become really expensive. Now, if you can do 40 minutes per turbine, all of a sudden, you might be able to get eight, 10, 12 of these done a day. And then you’re changing the game as far as value add for bringing LPS inspections on site. Walk me through the process. Technician shows up at the base of the turbine.
To walk, to walking away from the turbine. What does it look like when they’re doing the test?
Laurent Zimmerli: In the end, it depends a little bit, but the best, let me start with the best case, because the best case is there’s no spark gap, so nobody needs to close the spark gap and there’s a remote controlled shutdown of the turbine as possible, so no technicians need to actually need to be on site because they inspect the inspection provider can be there.
It’s a one man operation. So the person who is piloting the drone can take the measurements on the remote and see the results. So they can fly the drone, take the measurements, save the measurements and basically make sure and store all the results and create a report from all these results. So best case and that’s actually, I don’t know how, probably about 50 percent of the cases, it’s a one man operation.
No technician needed whatsoever. Unless of course there’s a damage that then later needs to be repaired. But for the inspection as such, it’s a single person operation. Now you, some of the turbines have the spark gap. So what you would have to do is close the spark gap because we’re doing a full circuit measurement.
So we need the whole circuit to be closed. And so that’s something that, that you will require. And then depending on the turbine, some of them also need to be stopped on site. So somebody should just be there to stop the turbine. And then talking about stopping the turbine. So what we unfortunately cannot do is measuring a spinning turbine.
So we’re working on that, but that’s not working yet. But what we can do is we can measure, we can perform the measurement in any orientation of the blades. So you don’t have to be at six o’clock for example, you could even have a one, you could even do a one stop inspection of the, of all three blades of the turbine.
Joel Saxum: Yeah, that’s huge. Especially if you’re out flying where there’s like a low wind conditions, because I’ve been there before. Where you’re trying to get that thing to spin and you’re just like, come on. Everybody’s watching it. Alright. Hit the brake , okay, so you’re gonna walk up to the turbine.
You’re more than likely gonna hook the bottom lead of the tether to a bolt one of the, one of the bolts on the flange on the base of the foundation. And then the other part of it is going to be, it’s going to be tethered to the drone’s gonna go up. You’re gonna find the receptors, you’re gonna make contact and you’re gonna check test.
Every receptor in the blade. So if you’re looking at a V 110, that’s got eight receptors and a solid metal tip, you’re going to want to test every one of them to see if there’s an open circuit in any one of them.
Laurent Zimmerli: Exactly. So the procedure is exactly as you described. You have a, you, you ground it to the base of the turbine.
There’s an ohm meter on the ground, which is doing the actual resistivity measurement, and then you have a long tether who connects to the drone. The tether is 300 meters long. So we can fly up to 250 meters. And then it’s a super thin cable, basically, just to minimize the weight, the payload weight, and then it pulls up the cable, and then we have a needle probe which consists of four needles, and then basically the pilot has a tablet with a first person view of the drone.
So there’s two cameras on the drone. One is a wide angle shot, and one is a basically a close up. So they can see, basically aim at the receptor. There’s assistant systems that help the pilot to aim. And then, once we are about a foot, one or two, two foot away from the receptor, there is an interaction switch on the remote.
So the actual interaction is done autonomously by the drone. So the pilot then doesn’t touch the sticks and just flips the switch. And then the drone approaches the blade and pushes like at the constant force until the pilot says it’s okay. And pulls back because then basically the attention of the pilot becomes like the attention of the inspector, the attention of the, to the inspection.
And they can check, okay, what’s the value? Is there a proper reading? If yes. Save the measurement and then pull it back and go to the next one.
Joel Saxum: Okay. So then I’m going to ask another question here. I don’t, I know it’s different country by country, but because you’re care, technically carrying a payload, is there any FAA drone flight rules that, that you guys have to circumvent, or is it basically, Hey, you’re just flying a drone.
You’re good to go.
Laurent Zimmerli: We’re basically more or less. It’s the latter. It’s where we’re good to go because the overall weight of the drone is quite is Okay. Six kilograms, which is about 10 to 12 pounds.
Joel Saxum: You’re under the limit. Yeah.
Laurent Zimmerli: Yeah, absolutely. So there is no special permissions required in the US to fly the drone as such.
Of course, the regulations around the piloting and the registration for remote ID, etc. That’s the same. But there is no special permission required for the drone as such.
Allen Hall: Laurent, what’s the business model here? Is the drone available for purchase or to rent or lease? If I’m an operator and I have, in the United States, several thousand turbines that I probably need to inspect over time, do I just lease the drone and then I have my own technicians that can fly it?
Do I? You have to have a special person brought in to fly the drone. What’s the approach here?
Laurent Zimmerli: I usually say we’re a technology provider. So we’re providing the technology to the inspectors. And what we, how we do that is in terms of a robot as a service subscription, which is a quite a new model in the robotics or drones world.
At least that’s what a lot of people tell us. So what we do is for an annual subscription fee, we provide our customers with the drone, The payloads. So for the LPS, there’s an LPS testing payloads for the NDT. There is an NDT bundle. So depending on what you’re doing, you’re getting the right payloads.
And part of that subscription is not just the technology as such. It’s also the training. So to make sure that your pilots are are basically learning yeah, that they learn how to use the system also in on ideal conditions, obviously, and they learn the procedures and all of that. So that’s included in the subscription.
Usually what we always do or will also do or try to do always is after to, we try to schedule the training close to their first actual inspection work. And then we basically go on site with them. And then we wouldn’t do the inspection ourselves, but we would just be there. To give them more confidence.
If there’s any like emergency situations that we will be there. So just to boost the confidence basically. And so that’s how we do that. But from then on our customers are using the technology themselves. But then what we also provide as part of the subscription is all the updates. It’s a first generation product.
So there’s quite frequent iterations, especially on the software side, sometimes on the hardware side. So that all of that is part of the subscription. We also have a crash insurance part of the subscription. So if there is a crash…
Allen Hall: I think Joel would need that for sure.
Joel Saxum: I’ve crashed a few drones and some expensive ones too.
Laurent Zimmerli: I crashed a few drones before, but I knock on wood. I haven’t crashed one of ours. So yeah, that’s part of the subscription as well, because as we discussed before, there’s so many factors here. We’re close to procedures. Even the best pilots might have a bad day because there’s environmental influence or whatever, so things can happen.
And after all it’s a fine piece of high tech. So it’s things can happen. So that’s why you make that part of the subscription. So that we can replace that, especially if people are, if our customers are on campaigns, that’s super helpful for them because then they are like in a limited timeframe where they need to get a job done.
So that’s something that they appreciate a lot. And all the support basically in general is part of the subscriptions, there are spare parts. There is software updates. Again, I mentioned those any kind of troubleshooting. And then after a year. When the, basically when you decide to extend the subscription and do another year, instead of just doing common maintenance, we would just basically provide you with a new drone.
So you have the latest and greatest technology, and then we will refurbish the old and bring it back into the cycle. Basically.
Joel Saxum: That’s huge. That’s big time because. Drones, if you look at say the flyability drone, those motors operate at super high RPM, 10, 000 RPM crazy, but they have a really limited hour bandwidth on them, where they say Hey, at this many hours, you have to replace these motors no matter what, otherwise, if you crash, not our problem. And that, That is actually pretty common with a lot of drones and people just don’t realize it. So getting a brand new kit, that’s huge. That’s important.
Allen Hall: Laurent where does all the data go from the Voliro drone?
When is there an online cloud that the data is uploaded to that the customer has access to? How does that work?
Laurent Zimmerli: So if you go back to the procedures, what happens is, so the pilot goes up, does some, it takes some measurements and then like first they’re stored on the drone. So all the data is on the drone basically.
And, but then once the job is done and the pilot is going back to to, to their office or hotel room or whatever, they can connect to wifi and upload the data automatically to the cloud. And from the cloud, they can download a a report, the PDF report that basically reports all the details of the measurements.
And PDF is one that’s usually the most common format that customers ask for. However, what we also provide is raw data. So if they have a system, a software system that consumes this kind of data. Then we can also provide raw data and insert that into existing software systems.
Allen Hall: Does that data consist of images and resistance measurements?
Because I know, in the lightning business, we see a lot of damage around the receptors. So does that, do you include those images? So if they had some damage, they would see that in the report?
Laurent Zimmerli: Absolutely. As I mentioned earlier, we have two cameras, so we have the closeup and the wide angle. And whenever a measurement is triggered both cameras take a picture.
And they there’s a measurement, a timestamp, the geolocation. The pictures and all of that is automatically and pops up in the report.
Allen Hall: That’s impressive technology. I’m really interested in this and it’s, this is going to be a busy season for you from what Joel and I have seen over lightning strikes last year.
And it already starting in 2024, it’s going to be an insane year for LPS measurements. So Voliro is well positioned to do some work this year.
Laurent Zimmerli: We’re prepared.
Allen Hall: All right. It’s been great to have you on the program. How do people reach out to Voliro? Where can they find you?
Laurent Zimmerli: So the easiest way is definitely our website.
There’s a contact form and an email address or on LinkedIn. So that’s definitely the easiest way to reach out. And then we are more than happy to arrange a call or a demo for anybody who’s interested.
Allen Hall: This has been great. Laurent, thank you so much for being on the program.
Laurent Zimmerli: Thank you, Allen. Thanks, Joel.
It was great to be on the show.
https://weatherguardwind.com/inspection-voliro-contact-enabled-drones/
Renewable Energy
Trump’s Destruction of Renewable Energy Benefits His Support Base, and That’s All that Matters
The death sentence that Trump has imposed on renewable energy in America is good for two groups: a) Big Oil and b) the MAGA crowd that rejects science and wants nothing more than to own the libs, aka “libtards.”
The unforeseen problem for the common American is that solar and wind are by far the least expensive sources of energy, so that the ratepayers in the U.S. are soon going to be shucking out huge amounts of extra cash each month.
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Renewable Energy
WOMA 2026 Recap Live from Melbourne
Weather Guard Lightning Tech

WOMA 2026 Recap Live from Melbourne
Allen, Rosemary, and Yolanda, joined by Morten Handberg from Wind Power LAB, recap WOMA 2026 live from Melbourne. The crew discusses leading edge erosion challenges unique to Australia, the frustration operators face getting data from full service agreements, and the push for better documentation during project handovers. Plus the birds and bats management debate, why several operators said they’d choose smaller glass fiber blades over bigger carbon fiber ones, and what topics WOMA 2027 should tackle next year.
Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us!
[00:00:00] The Uptime Wind Energy Podcast brought to you by Strike Tape protecting thousands of wind turbines from lightning damage worldwide. Visit strike tape.com and now your hosts. Welcome to the Uptime Winner Energy podcast. I’m your host, Alan Hall. I’m here with Yolanda Pone, Rosemary Barnes, and the Blade Whisperer, Morton Hamburg.
And we’re all in Melbourne at the Pullman on the park. We just finished up Woma 2026. Massive event. Over 200 people, two days, and a ton of knowledge. Rosemary, what did you think? Yeah, I mean it was a, a really good event. It was really nice ’cause we had event organization, um, taken care of by an external company this time.
So that saved us some headaches, I think. Um. But yeah, it was, it was really good. It was different than last year, and I think next year will be different again because yeah, we don’t need to talk about the same topics every single year. But, um, yeah, I got really great [00:01:00] feedback. So that’s shows we’re doing something right?
Yeah, a lot of the, the sessions were based upon feedback from Australian industry and, uh, so we did AI rotating bits, the, the drive train blades. Uh, we had a. Master class on lightning to start off. Uh, a number of discussions about BOP and electrical, BOP. All those were really good. Mm-hmm. Uh, the, the content was there, the expertise was there.
We had worldwide representation. Morton, you, you talked about blades a good bit and what the Danish and Worldwide experience was. You know, talked about the American experience on Blades. That opened up a lot of discussions because I’m never really sure where Australia is in the, uh, operations side, because a lot of it is full service agreements still.
But it does seem like from last year to this year. There’s more onboarding of the technical expertise internally at the operators. Martin, [00:02:00] you saw, uh, a good bit of it. This is your first time mm-hmm. At this conference. What were your impressions of the, the content and the approach, which is a little bit different than any other conference?
I see an industry that really wants to learn, uh, Australia, they really want to learn how to do this. Uh, and they’re willing to listen to us, uh, whether you live in Australia, in the US or in Europe. You know, they want to lean on our experiences, but they wanna, you know, they want to take it out to their wind farms and they ga then gain their own knowledge with it, which I think is really amicable.
You know, something that, you know, we should actually try and think about how we can copy that in Europe and the US. Because they, they are, they’re listening to us and they’re taking in our input, and then they try and go out. They go out and then they, they try and implement it. Um, so I think really that is something, uh, I’ve learned, you know, and, and really, um, yeah, really impressed by, from this conference.
Yeah. Yolanda, you were on several panels over the, the two days. What were your impressions of the conference and what were your thoughts [00:03:00] on the Australia marketplace? I think the conference itself is very refreshing or I think we all feel that way being on the, on the circuit sometimes going on a lot of different conferences.
It was really sweet to see everybody be very collaborative, as Morton was saying. Um, and it was, it was just really great about everybody. Yes, they were really willing to listen to us, but they were also really willing to share with each other, which is nice. Uh, I did hear about a few trials that we’re doing in other places.
From other people, just kind of, everybody wants to learn from each other and everybody wants to, to make sure they’re in as best a spot as they can. Yeah, and the, the, probably the noisiest part of the conferences were at the coffees and the lunch. Uh, the, the collaboration was really good. A lot of noise in the hallways.
Uh, just people getting together and then talking about problems, talking about solutions, trying to connect up with someone they may have seen [00:04:00]somewhere else in the part of the world that they were here. It’s a different kind of conference. And Rosemary, I know when, uh, you came up to with a suggestion like, Hey.
If there’s not gonna be any sales talks, we’re not gonna sit and watch a 30 minute presentation about what you do. We’re gonna talk about solutions. That did play a a different dynamic because. It allowed people to ingest at their own rate and, and not just sit through another presentation. Yeah. It was made it more engaging, I think.
Yeah, and I mean, anyway, the approach that I take for sales for my company that I think works best is not to do the hard sell. It’s to talk about smart things. Um, and if you are talking about describing a problem or a solution that somebody in the audience has that problem or solution, then they’re gonna seek you out afterwards.
And so. There’s plenty of sales happening in an event like this, but you’re just not like, you know, subjecting people to sales. It’s more presenting them with the information that they need. And then I, I think also the size of the conference really [00:05:00] helps ’cause yeah, about 200 people. Any, everybody is here for the same technical kind.
Content. So it’s like if you just randomly start talking to somebody while you’re waiting for a coffee or whatever, you have gonna have heaps to talk about with them, with ev every single other person there. And so I think that that’s why, yeah, there was so much talking happening and you know, we had social events, um, the first two evenings and so.
Mo like I was surprised actually. So many people stayed. Most people, maybe everybody stayed for those events and so just so much talking and yeah, we did try to have quite long breaks, um, and quite a lot of them and, you know, good enough food and coffee to keep people here. And I think that that’s as important as, you know, just sitting and listening.
Well, that was part of the trouble, some of the conference that you and I have been at, it’s just like six hours of sitting down listening to sort of a droning mm-hmm. Presenter trying to sell you something. Here we were. It was back and forth. A lot more panel talk with experts from around the world and then.[00:06:00]
Break because you just can’t absorb all that without having a little bit of a brain rest, some coffee and just trying to get to the next session. I, I think that made it, uh, a, a, a more of a takeaway than I would say a lot of other conferences are, where there’s spender booze, and. Brochures and samples being handed out and all that.
We didn’t have any of that. No vendor booze, no, uh, upfront sales going on and even into the workshop. So there was specific, uh, topics provided by people that. Provide services mostly, uh, speaking about what they do, but more on a case study, uh, side. And Rosie, you and I sat in on one that was about, uh, birds and bats, birds and bats in Australia.
That one was really good. Yeah, that was great. I learned, I learned a lot. Your mind was blown, but Totally. Yeah. It is crazy how much, how much you have to manage, um, bird and wildlife deaths related to wind farms in Australia. Like compared to, I mean, ’cause you see. Dead birds all the time, right? Cars hit [00:07:00] birds, birds hit buildings, power lines kill birds, and no one cares about those birds.
But if a bird is injured near a wind farm, then you know, everybody has to stop. We have to make sure that you can do a positive id. If you’re not sure, send it away for a DNA analysis. Keep the bird in a freezer for a year and make sure that it’s logged by the, you know, appropriate people. It’s, it’s really a lot.
And I mean, on the one hand, like I’m a real bird lover, so I am, I’m glad that birds are being taken seriously, but on the other hand, I. I think that it is maybe a little bit over the top, like I don’t see extra birds being saved because of that level of, of watching throughout the entire life of the wind farm.
It feels more like something for the pre-study and the first couple of years of operation, and then you can chill after that if everything’s under control. But I, I guess it’s quite a political issue because people do. Do worry about, about beds and bats? Mm-hmm. Yeah, I thought the output of that was more technology, a little or a little more technology.
Not a lot of technology in today’s world [00:08:00] because we could definitely monitor for where birds are and where bats are and, uh, you know. Slow down the turbines or whatever we’re gonna do. Yeah. And they are doing that in, in sites where there is a problem. But, um, yeah, the sites we’re talking about with that monitoring, that’s not sites that have a big, big problem at sites that are just Yeah, a few, a few birds dying every year.
Um, yeah. So it’s interesting. And some of the blade issues in Australia, or a little unique, I thought, uh, the leading edge erosion. Being a big one. Uh, I’ve seen a lot of leading edge erosion over the last couple of weeks from Australia. It is Texas Times two in some cases. And, uh, the discussion that was had about leading edge erosion, we had ETT junker from Stack Raft and, and video form all the way from Sweden, uh, talking to us live, which was really nice actually.
Uh, the, the amount of knowledge that the Global Blade group. Brought to the discussion and just [00:09:00] opening up some eyes about what matters in leading edge erosion. It’s not so much the leading edge erosion in terms of a EP, although there is some a EP loss. It’s more about structural damage and if you let the structure go too far.
And Martin, you’ve seen a lot of this, and I think we had a discussion about this on the podcast of, Hey, pay attention to the structural damage. Yeah, that’s where, that’s where your money is. I mean, if you go, if you get into structural damage, then your repair costs and your downtime will multiply. That is just a known fact.
So it’s really about keeping it, uh, coding related because then you can, you can, you can move really fast. You can get it the blade up to speed and you won’t have the same problems. You won’t have to spend so much time rebuilding the blade. So that’s really what you need to get to. I do think that one of the things that might stand out in Australia that we’re going to learn about.
Is the effect of hail, because we talked a lot about it in Europe, that, you know, what is the effect of, of hail on leading edge erosion? We’ve never really been able to nail it down, but down here I heard from an, [00:10:00] from an operator that they, they, uh, referenced mangoes this year in terms of hail size. It was, it was, it was incredible.
So if you think about that hitting a leading edge, then, uh, well maybe we don’t really need to, we don’t really get to the point where, so coding related, maybe we will be structural from the beginning, but. Then at least it can be less a structural. Um, but that also means that we need to think differently in terms of leading edge, uh, protection and what kinds of solutions that are there.
Maybe some of the traditional ones we have in Europe, maybe they just don’t work, want, they, they won’t work in some part of Australia. Australia is so big, so we can’t just say. Northern Territory is the same as as, uh, uh, um, yeah. Victoria or uh, or Queensland. Or Queensland or West Australia. I think that what we’re probably going to learn is that there will be different solutions fitting different parts of Australia, and that will be one of the key challenges.
Um, yeah. And Blades in Australia sometimes do. Arrive without leading edge protection from the OEMs. [00:11:00] Yeah, I’m sure some of the sites that I’ve been reviewing recently that the, the asset manager swears it’s got leading edge protection and even I saw some blades on the ground and. I don’t, I don’t see any leading edge protection.
I can’t feel any leading edge protection. Like maybe it’s a magical one that’s, you know, invisible and, um, yeah, it doesn’t even feel different, but I suspect that some people are getting blades that should have been protected that aren’t. Um, so why? Yeah, it’s interesting. I think before we, we rule it out.
Then there are some coatings that really look like the original coating. Mm. So we, we, I know that for some of the European base that what they come out of a factory, you can’t really see the difference, but they’re multilayer coating, uh, on the blades. What you can do is that you can check your, uh, your rotor certificate sometimes will be there.
You can check your, uh, your blade sheet, uh, that you get from manufacturer. If you get it. Um, if you get it, then it will, it will be there. But, um, yeah, I, I mean, it can be difficult to say, to see from the outset and there’s no [00:12:00]documentation then. Yeah, I mean. If I can’t see any leading edge erosion protection, and I don’t know if it’s there or not, I don’t think I will go so far and then start installing something on something that is essentially a new blade.
I would probably still put it into operation because most LEP products that can be installed up tower. So I don’t think that that necessarily is, is something we should, shouldn’t still start doing just because we suspect there isn’t the LEP. But one thing that I think is gonna be really good is, um, you know, after the sessions and you know, I’ve been talking a lot.
With my clients about, um, leading edge erosion. People are now aware that it’s coming. I think the most important thing is to plan for it. It’s not right to get to the point where you’ve got half a dozen blades with, you know, just the full leading edge, just fully missing holes through your laminate, and then your rest of your blades have all got laminate damage.
That’s not the time to start thinking about it because one, it’s a lot more expensive for each repair than it would’ve been, but also. No one’s got the budget to, to get through all of that in one season. So I do really [00:13:00] like that, you know, some of the sites that have been operating for five years or so are starting to see pitting.
They can start to plan that into their budget now and have a strategy for how they’re going to approach it. Um, yeah. And hopefully avoid getting over to the point where they’ve missing just the full leading edge of some of their blades. Yeah. But to Morton’s earlier point, I think it’s also important for people to stop the damage once it happens too.
If, if it’s something that. You get a site or for what, whatever reason, half of your site does look like terrible and there’s holes in the blade and stuff. You need to, you need to patch it up in some sort of way and not just wait for the perfect product to come along to, to help you with that. Some of the hot topics this week were the handover.
From, uh, development into production and the lack of documentation during the transfer. Uh, the discussion from Tilt was that you need to make sure it is all there, uh, because once you sign off. You probably can’t go back and get it. And [00:14:00] some of the frustration around that and the, the amount of data flow from the full service provider to the operator seemed to be a, a really hot topic.
And, and, uh, we did a little, uh, surveyed a about that. Just the amount of, um, I don’t know how to describe it. I mean, it was bordering on anger maybe is a way. Describe it. Uh, that they feel that operators feel like they don’t have enough insight to run the turbines and the operations as well as they can, and that they should have more insight into what they have operating and why it is not operat.
A certain way or where did the blades come from? Are there issues with those blades? Just the transparency WA was lacking. And we had Dan Meyer, who is from the States, he’s from Colorado, he was an xge person talking about contracts, uh, the turbine supply agreement and what should be in there, the full service [00:15:00] agreement, what should be in there.
Those are very interesting. I thought a lot of, uh, operators are very attentive to that, just to give themselves an advantage of what you can. Put on paper to help yourself out and what you should think about. And if you have a existing wind farm from a certain OEM and you’re gonna buy another wind farm from ’em, you ought to be taking the lessons learned.
And I, I thought that was a, a very important discussion. The second one was on repairs. And what you see from the field, and I know Yolanda’s been looking at a lot of repairs. Well, all of you have been looking at repairs in Australia. What’s your feeling on sort of the repairs and the quality of repairs and the amount of data that comes along with it?
Are we at a place that we should be, or do we need a little more detail as to what’s happening out there? It’s one of the big challenges with the full service agreements is that, you know, if everything’s running smoothly, then repairs are getting done, but the information isn’t. Usually getting passed on.
And so it’s seems fine and it seems like really good actually. Probably if you’re an [00:16:00] asset manager and everything’s just being repaired without you ever knowing about it, perfect. But then at some point when something does happen, you’ve got no history and especially like even before handover. You need to know all of the repairs that have happened for, you know, for or exchanges for any components because you know, you’re worried about, um, serial defects, for example.
You need every single one. ’cause the threshold is quite high to, you know, ever reach a serial defect. So you wanna know if there were five before there was a handover. Include that in your population. Um, yeah, so that’s probably the biggest problem with repairs is that they’re just not being. Um, the reports aren’t being handed over.
You know, one of the things that Jeremy Hanks from C-I-C-N-D-T, and he’s an NDT expert and has, has seen about everything was saying, is that you really need to understand what’s happening deep inside the blade, particularly for inserts or, uh, at the root, uh, even up in, with some, some Cory interactions happening or splicing that It’s hard to [00:17:00] see that hard to just take a drone inspection and go, okay, I know what’s happening.
You need a little more technology in there at times, especially if you have a serial defect. Why do you have a serial defect? Do you need to be, uh, uh, scanning the, the blade a little more deeply, which hasn’t really happened too much in Australia, and I think there’s some issues I’ve seen where it may come into use.
Yeah, I think it, it, it’ll be coming soon. I know some people are bringing stuff in. I’ve got emails sitting in my inbox I need to chase up, but I’m, I’m really going to, to get more into that. Yeah. And John Zalar brought up a very similar, uh, note during his presentation. Go visit your turbines. Yeah, several people said that.
Um, actually Liz said that too. Love it. And, um, let’s this, yeah, you just gotta go have a look. Oh, Barend, I think said bar said it too. Go on site. Have a look at the lunchroom. If the lunch room’s tidy, then you know, win turbine’s gonna be tidy too. And I don’t know about that ’cause I’ve seen some tidy lunchroom that were associated with some, you know, uh, less well performing assets, but it’s, you know, it’s [00:18:00] a good start.
What are we gonna hope for in 2027? What should we. Be talking about it. What do you think we’ll be talking about a year from now? Well, a few people, quite a few people mentioned to me that they were here, they’re new in the industry, and they heard this was the event to go to. Um, and so I, I was always asking them was it okay?
’cause we pitch it quite technical and I definitely don’t wanna reduce. How technical it is. One thing I thought of was maybe we start with a two to five minute introduction, maybe prerecorded about the, the topic, just to know, like for example, um, we had some sessions on rotating equipment. Um, I’m a Blades person.
I don’t know that much about rotating equipment, so maybe, you know, we just explain this is where the pitch bearings are. They do this and you know, there’s the main bearing and it, you know, it does this and just a few minutes like that to orient people. Think that could be good. Last, uh, this year we did a, a masterclass on lightning, a half day masterclass.
Maybe we change that topic every year. Maybe next year it’s blade design, [00:19:00] certification, manufacturing. Um, and then, you know, the next year, whatever, open to suggestions. I mean, in general, we’re open to suggestions, right? Like people write in and, and tell us what you’d wanna see. Um, absolutely. I think we could focus more on technologies might be an, an area like.
It’s a bit, it’s a bit hard ’cause it gets salesy, but Yeah. I think one thing that could actually be interesting and that, uh, there was one guy came up with an older turbine on the LPS system. Mm. Where he wanted to look for a solution and some of the wind farms are getting older and it’s older technology.
So maybe having some, uh, uh, some sessions on that. Because the older turbines, they are vastly different from what we, what we see in the majority with wind farms today. But the maintenance of those are just as important. And if you do that correctly, they’re much easier to lifetime extent than it will likely be for some of the nuance.
But, you know, let. Knock on wood. Um, but, but I think that’s something that could be really interesting and really relevant for the industry and something [00:20:00] that we don’t talk enough about. Yeah. Yeah, that’s true because I, I’m working on a lot of old wind turbines now, and that has been, um, quite a challenge for me because they’re design and built in a way that’s quite different to when, you know, I was poking, designing and building, uh, wind turbine components.
So that’s a good one. Other people mentioned end of life. Mm-hmm. Not just like end of life, like the life is over, but how do you decide when the life end of life is going to be? ’cause you know, like you have a planned life and then you might like to extend, but then you discover you’ve got a serial issue.
Are you gonna fix it? Or you know, how are you gonna fix it? Those are all very interesting questions that, um, can occur. And then also, yeah, what to do with the. The stuff at the end of the Wind Farm lifetime, we could make a half day around those kinds of sessions. I think recycling could actually be good to, to also touch upon and, and I think, yeah, Australia is more on the front of that because of, of your high focus on, on nature and sustainability.
So looking at, well, what do we do with these blades? Or what do we do with the towers of foundation once, uh, [00:21:00] once we do need to decommission them, you know, what is, what are we going to do in Australia about that? Or what is Australia going to do about that? But, you know, what can we bring to the, to the table that that can help drive that discussion?
I think maybe too, helping people sort of templates for their formats on, on how to successfully shadow, monitor, maybe showing them a bit mute, more of, uh. Like cases and stuff, so to get them going a bit more. ’cause we heard a lot of people too say, oh, we’re, we’re teetering on whether we should self operate or whether we continue our FSA, but we, we we’re kind of, we don’t know what we’re doing.
Yeah. In, in not those words. Right. But just providing a bit more of a guidance too. On that side, we say shadow monitoring and I think we all know what it means. If you’ve seen it done, if you haven’t seen it done before. It seems daunting. Mm-hmm. What do you mean shadow monitoring? You mean you got a crack into the SCADA system?
Does that mean I’ve gotta, uh, put CMS out there? Do I do, do I have to be out [00:22:00] on site all the time? The answer that is no to all of those. But there are some fundamental things you do need to do to get to the shadow monitoring that feels good. And the easy one is if there’s drone inspections happening because your FSA, you find out who’s doing the drone inspections and you pay ’em for a second set of drone inspections, just so you have a validation of it, you can see it.
Those are really inexpensive ways to shadow monitor. Uh, but I, I do think we say a lot of terms like that in Australia because we’ve seen it done elsewhere that. Doesn’t really translate. And I, if I, I’m always kind of looking at Rosemary, like, does it, this make sense? What I’m saying makes sense, Rosemary, because it’s hard to tell because so many operators are in sort of a building mode.
I, I see it as. When I talked to them a few years ago, they’re completely FSA, they had really small staffs. Now the staffs are growing much larger, which makes me feel like they’re gonna transition out an FSA. Do we need to provide a little more, uh, insight into how that is done deeper. [00:23:00] Like, these are the tools you, you will need.
This is the kind of people you need to have on staff. This is how you’re gonna organize it, and this is the re these are the resources that you should go after. Mm. Does that make a little si more sense? Yeah. That might be a good. Uh, idea for getting somebody who’s, you know, working for a company that is shadow monitoring overseas and bring them in and they can talk through what that, what that means exactly.
And that goes back to the discussion we were having earlier today by having operators talk about how they’re running their operations. Mm. And I know the last year we tried to have everybody do that and, and they were standoffish. I get it. Because you don’t want to disclose things that your company doesn’t want out in public.
And year two, it felt like there’s a little more. Openness about that. Yeah, there was a few people were quite open about, um, yeah, talking about challenges and some successes as well. I think we’ll have more successes next year ’cause we’ve got more, more things going on. But yeah, definitely would encourage any operators to think about what’s a you A case study that you could give about?
Yeah, it could just be a problem that’s unsolved and I bet you’ll find people that wanna help you [00:24:00] solve that problem. Or it could be something that you struggled with and then you’re doing a better job and Yeah, I mean the. Some operators think that they’re in competition with each other and some think that they’re not really, and the answer is somewhere, somewhere in the middle.
There are, you know, some at least small amounts of competition. But, you know, I just, I just really think that. We’re fighting against each other, trying to win within the wind industry. Then, you know, in 10, 20 years time, especially in Australia, there won’t be any new wind. It’ll just be wind and solar everywhere and, and the energy transition stalled because everyone knows that’s not gonna get us all the way to, you know, a hundred percent renewables.
So, um, I do think that we need to, first of all, fight for wind energy to improve. The status quo is not good enough to take us through the next 20 years. So we do need to collaborate to get better. And then, yeah, I don’t know, once we’re, once we’re one, wind has won, then we can go back to fighting amongst ourselves, I guess.
Is Australia that [00:25:00] laboratory? Yeah, I think I, I say it all the time. I think Australia is the perfect place because I, I do think we’re a little bit more naturally collaborative. For some reason, I don’t know why, it’s not really like a, a cultural thing, but seems to be the case in Australian wind. Um, and also our, our problems are harder than, uh, than what’s being faced elsewhere.
I mean, America has some specific problems right now that are, you know, worse, but in general, operating environment is very harsh Here. We’re so spread out. Everything is so expensive. Cranes are so expensive. Repairs are so expensive. Spares spare. Yeah, spares are crazy expensive. You know, I look every now and then and do reports for people about, you know, what, what’s the average cost for and times for repairs and you know, you get an American values and it’s like, okay, well at a minimum times by five Australia and you know, so.
It, there’s a lot more bang for buck. And the other thing is we just do not have enough, um, enough people, enough. Uh, we’ve got some really smart people. We need a lot more [00:26:00] people that are as smart as that. And you can’t just get that immediately. Like there has been a lot of good transfer over from related industries.
A lot of people that spoke so that, you know, they used to work for thermal power plants and, um, railway, a guy that spoke to a guy had come in from railway. Um. That’s, that’s really good. But it will take some years to get them up to speed. And so in the meantime, we just need to use technology as much as we can to be able to, you know, make the people that good people that we do have, you know, make them go a lot further, um, increase what they can do.
’cause yeah, I don’t think there’s a single, um, asset owner where they couldn’t, you know, double the number of asset managers they had and, you know, ev everyone could use twice as many I think. Yeah, I agree. Yeah. I think something that we really focused on this year is kind of removing the stones that are in people’s path or like helping at least like to, to say like, don’t trip over there.
Don’t trip over here. And I think part of that, like, like you mentioned, is that. [00:27:00] The, the collaborative manner that everyone seemed to have and just, I think 50% of our time that we were in those rooms was just people asking questions to experts, to anybody they really wanted to. Um, and it, it just, everybody getting the same answers, which is really just a really different way to, to do things, I think.
But more than, I mean, we, we we’re still. We’re still struggling with quality in Australia. That’s still a major issue on, on a lot of the components. So until we have that solved, we don’t really know how much of an influence the other factors they really have because it just overshadows everything. And yes, it will be accelerated by extreme weather conditions, but.
What will, how will it work if, if the components are actually fit, uh, fit for purpose in the sense that we don’t have wrinkles in the laminates, that we don’t have, uh, bond lines that are detaching. Mm-hmm. Maybe some of it is because of, uh, mango size hails hitting the blades. Maybe it’s because of extreme temperatures.
Maybe it’s [00:28:00] because of, uh, uh, yeah. At extreme topography, you know, creating, uh, wind conditions that the blades are not designed for. We don’t really know that. We don’t really know for sure. Uh, we just assume, um, Australia has some problems with, not problems, but some challenges with remoteness. We don’t, with, uh, with getting new, new spares that much is absolutely true.
We can’t do anything about that. We just have to, uh, find a way to, to mitigate that. Mm-hmm. But I think we should really be focused on getting quality, uh, getting the quality in, in order. You know, one thing that’s interesting about that, um, so yeah, Australia should be focused more on quality than anybody else, but in, in, in the industry, yeah.
Uh, entire world should be more focused on quality, but also Australia. Yeah. But Australia, probably more than anyone considering how hard it is to, you know, make up for poor quality here. Um. At the same time, Australia for some reason, loves to be the first one with a new technology, loves to have the biggest [00:29:00] turbine.
Um, and the, the latest thing and the newest thing, and I thought it was interesting. I mean, this was operations and maintenance, um, conference, so not really talking about new designs and manufacturing too much, but at least three or four people said, uh. Uh, I would be using less carbon fiber in blades. I would not be, not be going bigger and bigger and bigger.
If I was buying turbines for a new wind farm, I would have, you know, small glass blades and just more of them. So I think that that was really interesting to hear. So many people say it, and I wasn’t even one of them, even though, you know, I would definitely. Say that. I mean, you know, in terms of business, I guess it’s really good to get a lot of, a lot of big blades, but, um, because they just, people, I don’t think people understand that, that bigger blades just have dramatically more quality problems than the smaller ones.
Um, were really kind of exceeded the sweet spot for the current manufacturing methods and materials. I don’t know if you would agree, but it’s, it’s. Possible, but [00:30:00] it’s, it, you know, it’s not like a blade that’s twice as long, doesn’t have twice as many defects. It probably has a hundred times as many defects.
It’s just, uh, it’s really, really challenging to make those big blades, high quality, and no one is doing it all that well right now. I would, however, I got an interesting hypothetical and they’re. Congrats to her for, for putting out that out. But there was an operator that said to me at the conference, so what would you choose hypothetically?
A 70 meter glass fiber blade or a 50 meter carbon fiber blade, so a blade with carbon fiber reinforcement. And I did have to think quite a while about it because there was, it was she say, longer blades, more problems, but carbon blade. Also a lot of new problems. So, so what is it? So I, I ended up saying, well, glass fiber, I would probably go for a longer glass fiber blade, even though it will have some, some different challenges.
It’s easier to repair. Yeah, that’s true. So we can overcome some of the challenges that are, we can also repair carbon. We have done it in air, air, uh, aeronautics for many, many years. But wind is a different beast because we don’t have, uh, [00:31:00] perfect laboratory conditions to repair in. So that would just be a, a really extreme challenge.
So that’s, that’s why I, I would have gone for carbon if, for glass fiber, if, if I, if I could in that hypothe hypothetical. Also makes more energy, the 70 meter compared to it’s a win-win situation.
Well, it’s great to see all of you. Australia. I thought it was a really good conference. And thanks to all our sponsors, uh, til being the primary sponsor for this conference. Uh, we are starting to ramp up for 2027. Hopefully all of you can attend next year. And, uh, Rosie, it’s good to see you in person. Oh, it’s, uh, it’s, it’s exciting when we are actually on the same continent.
Uh, it doesn’t happen very often. And Morton, it’s great to see you too, Yolanda. I see you every day pretty much. So she’s part of our team, so I, it’s great to see you out. This is actually the first time, me and Rosie, we have seen each other. We’ve, we’ve known each other for years. Yeah. Yeah. The first time we actually, uh, been, been, yeah.
Within, uh, yeah. [00:32:00] Same room. Yep. And same continent. Yeah. Yeah. So that’s been awesome. And also it’s my first time meeting Yolanda in person too. So yeah, that’s our first time. And same. So thanks so much for everybody that attended, uh, woma 2026. We’ll see you at Woma 2027 and uh, check us out next week for the Uptime Wind Energy Podcast.
Renewable Energy
What Can Stop Climate Change?
I looked through a few of the many thousands of responses to the question above on social media and have concluded:
If you ask uneducated people who know essentially nothing about global warming, you’ll find that nothing can stop it, because it’s been going on since the origin of the planet. Others say that God controls the planet’s temperature.
If you ask climate scientists who work in laboratories around the globe who have been studying this subject for decades, you’ll find that there are two key answers: a) decarbonization of our transportation and energy sectors and b) halting the destruction of our rain forests.
As always, we have a choice to make: ignorance or science.
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