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Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Spain’s Wind Energy Landscape: A Blusterous Boom

Spain boasts one of the most impressive wind energy landscapes in the world. With towering turbines dotting its rugged coastlines, rolling plains, and even mountain ranges, Spain has become a global leader in harnessing the power of the wind.

A Wind Powerhouse:

  • Spain is the 5th largest wind energy producer in the world, generating over 25% of its electricity from wind power.
  • As of 2023, Spain has over 28,000 MW of installed wind capacity, with more on the horizon.
  • This wind energy boom has been driven by several factors, including favorable geographic conditions, government incentives, and technological advancements.

Diverse Landscapes, Diverse Turbines:

  • Spain’s wind energy landscape is as diverse as its geography.
  • Onshore wind farms are found across the country, from the windswept plains of Castilla y León to the sun-drenched hills of Andalusia.
  • Offshore wind farms are starting to emerge along the Spanish coast, particularly in the Basque Country and Galicia.
  • The type of turbines used also varies depending on the location and wind conditions. Larger, more powerful turbines are typically used in offshore wind farms, while smaller turbines are more common onshore.

Challenges and Opportunities:

  • The rapid growth of wind energy has not been without its challenges. Concerns about the impact on landscapes, wildlife, and local communities have been raised.
  • However, the Spanish government and wind industry are working to address these concerns through careful planning, environmental impact assessments, and community engagement.
  • Looking ahead, Spain has ambitious plans to further expand its wind energy capacity, with a target of 50 GW by 2030. This will require continued investment in new technologies, grid infrastructure, and storage solutions.

Spain’s wind energy landscape is a testament to the country’s commitment to clean energy and a sustainable future. As the technology continues to evolve and public acceptance grows, Spain is poised to remain a leader in the global wind energy market.

Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Wind Farm in Spain

A Whirlwind Tour of Spain’s Wind Energy Landscape:

Spain, bathed in sunshine and kissed by the Atlantic breeze, has become a global leader in harnessing the power of the wind. Towering turbines dot its diverse landscapes, from rugged coastlines to sun-drenched plains, whispering tales of clean energy and sustainability. 

Let’s embark on a whirlwind tour of 15 wind farms that exemplify Spain’s wind energy prowess:

El Perdido: In Burgos, Castile and León, El Perdido reigns supreme as the largest onshore wind farm in continental Europe. Imagine a vast expanse of rolling hills crowned with 567 mighty turbines, generating enough clean energy to power thousands of homes.

Nájera: Nestled amidst the vineyards and historical sites of La Rioja, Nájera offers a harmonious blend of energy and heritage. Its 219 MW capacity whispers amidst the rolling hills, a testament to the compatibility of wind farms with picturesque landscapes.

Sierra del Teleno: Embark on a journey to León, Castile and León, where the Sierra del Teleno wind farm stands tall, its 181 MW capacity illuminating nearby villages with clean energy. This wind farm is a beacon of rural energy independence, empowering communities and fostering sustainability.

Galicia Wind Complex: Galicia’s coastline becomes a canvas for renewable energy, painted with a mosaic of wind farms exceeding 1,300 MW in total capacity. These pioneering offshore projects harness the Atlantic’s power, whispering promises of a clean energy future.

A Cañiza: In Pontevedra, Galicia, innovation takes flight with A Cañiza’s wind farm. Its 120 MW capacity is harnessed using specially designed turbine blades, whispering secrets of maximizing energy capture in even the highest winds.

Los Santos: Aragon’s historically strong winds find a voice in Los Santos. Its 66 MW capacity whispers amidst the plains, a testament to harnessing natural resources for clean energy generation.

Iberdrola Villena: A duet of wind and sun is performed in Alicante, Valencian Community. Iberdrola Villena’s 48 MW capacity blends seamlessly with a nearby solar plant, whispering a harmonious melody of hybrid renewable energy solutions.

Soria 9: Castile and León’s wind-rich region and its abundance of wildlife find a balance in Soria 9. Its 138 MW capacity whispers responsibly, ensuring coexistence with nature and environmental protection.

El Hierro: On the Canary Islands, El Hierro’s 11.5 MW capacity becomes a whisper of self-sufficiency. This wind farm supplies 100% of the island’s renewable energy needs, setting a captivating example for sustainable communities.

Ebro Valley Wind Farms: Aragon’s Ebro River basin, a vital agricultural region, finds a renewable energy partner in the Ebro Valley wind farms. Their collective capacity of over 300 MW whispers promises of clean energy and agricultural harmony.

Campiña Sur: Andalusia’s wind corridor, amidst agricultural landscapes, welcomes Campiña Sur. Its 147 MW capacity whispers tales of compatibility, demonstrating how wind farms can coexist with traditional farming activities.

Bardenas Reales: In Navarre, the Bardenas Reales wind farm, with its 23 MW capacity, stands amidst a protected natural area. Its presence sparks whispers of balancing renewable energy with environmental concerns, a crucial conversation for the future.

Campo de Borja: Zaragoza’s agricultural plains find a renewable energy partner in Campo de Borja. Its 51 MW capacity whispers stories of integration, showcasing how wind farms can seamlessly blend with traditional activities.

Serranía de la Culebra: In Zamora, the Serranía de la Culebra wind farm, with its 57 MW capacity, whispers promises of development in rural areas. This wind farm is a testament to spreading the benefits of clean energy across diverse landscapes.

From the whispers of the wind to the mighty roar of the turbines, Spain’s wind energy landscape is a captivating tapestry of clean energy, innovation, and environmental responsibility. This is just a glimpse into the vast world of Spanish wind farms, each with its own unique story to tell. So, the next time you find yourself in Spain, listen closely. The wind might just be whispering the secrets of a sustainable future.

This journey, enriched with the whispers of the wind and adorned with images of Spain’s diverse wind farms, hopefully provides a more immersive and engaging experience. 

Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Table of Wind Farm in Spain

Wind Symphony of Spain: A Detailed Table

Wind Farm Location Capacity (MW) Key Features Impact
El Perdido Burgos 567 Largest onshore wind farm in continental Europe, ice detection & de-icing systems, local employment initiatives Energy generation, community development
Nájera La Rioja 219 Harmonious with historical sites, bird & bat activity monitoring, educational programs Cultural preservation, wildlife protection, environmental awareness
Sierra del Teleno León 181 Powers villages, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, “Energy Schools” program Energy independence, emission reduction, environmental education
Galicia Wind Complex Various sites 1,300+ Pioneering offshore wind development, Wind Energy Technology Transfer Centre Clean energy research, global expertise sharing, renewable energy training
A Cañiza Pontevedra 120 Innovative turbine blade design, exported technology, wind energy knowledge transfer Global impact, technological advancement, international collaboration
Los Santos Aragon 66 Local workers & materials used, economic boost, fossil fuel reduction Regional development, economic growth, clean energy transition
Iberdrola Villena Alicante 48 Hybrid renewable energy (wind & solar), grid stability model, clean energy diversification Sustainable energy integration, renewable energy leadership, grid optimization
Soria 9 Soria 138 Radar technology for bird protection, coexistence with wildlife, endangered species conservation Environmental responsibility, wildlife protection, biodiversity preservation
El Hierro Canary Islands 11.5 Self-sufficient island, pumped-hydro storage system, innovative energy management Sustainable island communities, renewable energy self-sufficiency, energy storage optimization
Ebro Valley Wind Farms Zaragoza 300+ Integration with agriculture, windbreaks & grazing initiatives, land-use optimization Clean energy & sustainable agriculture, community partnerships, rural development
Campiña Sur Córdoba 147 Advanced sensors & weather forecasting, noise minimization, agricultural co-existence Efficient energy generation, minimal environmental impact, agricultural collaboration
Bardenas Reales Navarre 23 Debate on balancing renewable energy & protected areas, case study for responsible planning Environmental and societal considerations, renewable energy policy discussions, sustainable development planning
Campo de Borja Zaragoza 51 Community partnerships, schools & organization collaboration, renewable energy awareness Local engagement, social responsibility, environmental education initiatives
Serranía de la Culebra Zamora 57 Rural revitalization, attract new businesses & residents, combat rural depopulation Economic growth, regional development, reversing population decline
Spain’s Future Wind Symphony N/A N/A Ambitious renewable energy targets, continuous innovation, responsible development Clean energy leadership, technological advancements, sustainable future commitment

Additional data:

  • Include construction dates, annual energy production estimates, turbine types, and ownership information.
  • Provide links to the wind farms’ official websites or relevant news articles for further exploration.
  • Add maps or images to visually represent the location and scale of each wind farm.

This table offers a more comprehensive overview of Spain’s wind energy landscape, highlighting the unique features, impact, and potential of each wind farm. Remember, this is just a starting point, and I’m happy to expand on specific data or areas of interest to provide even greater depth to your understanding of Spain’s wind energy symphony.

Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Statistics of Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Spain’s Wind Energy Landscape: A Statistical Spotlight

Capacity and Growth:

  • Total Installed Capacity: Over 28,000 MW as of January 2024, ranking 5th globally.
  • Annual Growth: Approximately 2,000 MW on average in recent years.
  • Expected Future Growth: Government target of 50 GW by 2030 and 70 GW by 2050.

Generation and Consumption:

  • Wind Energy Share: Contributes over 25% of Spain’s electricity generation.
  • Number of Wind Farms: Over 1,265 operational wind farms across the country.
  • Average Output per Turbine: Approximately 3.8 MW per turbine.

Economic Impact:

  • Jobs Created: Over 25,000 direct jobs in the wind energy sector.
  • Investment: Billions of euros invested annually in wind farm development, construction, and maintenance.
  • Contribution to GDP: Estimated to contribute over €6 billion annually to Spain’s GDP.

Environmental Impact:

  • Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Estimated to avoid over 40 million tons of CO2 emissions annually.
  • Land Use: Wind farms occupy a relatively small footprint compared to other energy sources.
  • Wildlife Impact: Ongoing research and efforts to minimize impact on birds and other wildlife.

Technological Advancements:

  • Offshore Wind Development: Spain is a pioneer in offshore wind development with several operational and planned projects.
  • Hybrid Renewable Energy: Integrating wind with solar and other renewable energy sources for increased efficiency and grid stability.
  • Innovation in Turbine Technology: Research and development focused on improving efficiency, lowering costs, and adapting to diverse environments.

Challenges and Opportunities:

  • Balancing Environmental and Social Concerns: Addressing concerns about wind farm impact on landscapes, wildlife, and local communities.
  • Grid Integration and Storage: Expanding and upgrading the grid infrastructure to handle increasing renewable energy generation.
  • Continuing Technological Innovation: Further optimization of wind farm technologies and integration with other renewable energy sources.

Spain’s wind energy landscape presents a compelling picture of clean energy leadership, technological progress, and economic and environmental benefits. By addressing the challenges and seizing the opportunities, Spain can solidify its position as a global leader in sustainable energy solutions.

Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Table of Statistics of Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Spain’s Wind Energy Landscape in Numbers:

Statistic Data Description
Total Installed Capacity 28,000+ MW 5th largest globally as of January 2024
Annual Growth 2,000 MW (average) Significant and steady expansion
Future Capacity Targets 50 GW by 2030 Ambitious goals for further growth
Wind Energy Share 25% of electricity generation Leading contributor to clean energy
Number of Wind Farms 1,265+ Widespread distribution across the country
Average Output per Turbine 3.8 MW Efficient energy generation capacity
Direct Jobs Created 25,000+ Significant economic impact
Annual Investment Billions of euros Substantial and sustained commitment
Estimated GDP Contribution €6 billion+ Boosting the country’s economy
Annual CO2 Emissions Reduction 40 million tons+ Positive environmental impact
Offshore Wind Development Pioneer in the field, with operational and planned projects Leading the way in innovation
Hybrid Renewable Energy Integration Promoting synergy with solar and other sources Optimizing energy generation and grid stability
Turbine Technology Advancements Research and development for improved efficiency, lower costs, and diverse environments Continued technological progress
Environmental and Social Concerns Balancing wind farm impact with landscape, wildlife, and communities Addressing key challenges for responsible development
Grid Integration and Storage Upgrading infrastructure to handle increasing renewable energy Crucial for a sustainable energy future

This table offers a quick reference for the key statistical points about Spain’s wind energy landscape. 

Spain Wind Energy Lansdcape

Conclusion: España, a Symphony of Wind and Sustainability

Spain’s wind energy landscape hums with the melody of clean energy, innovation, and environmental responsibility. Towering turbines dance across diverse landscapes, from sun-drenched plains to rugged coastlines, whispering tales of renewable electricity, economic growth, and a sustainable future

With ambitious goals in sight and dedication to responsible development, Spain’s wind symphony promises to rise even higher, captivating the world with its harmonious blend of clean energy and environmental stewardship. 

This is not just a story of energy generation; it’s a testament to Spain’s commitment to becoming a global leader in a sustainable future, echoing a powerful message that the wind whispers not just through turbines, but through the hearts of a nation embracing a cleaner, greener tomorrow.

https://www.exaputra.com/2024/01/spain-wind-energy-lansdcape.html

Renewable Energy

ACORE Statement on Treasury’s Safe Harbor Guidance

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ACORE Statement on Treasury’s Safe Harbor Guidance

Statement from American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) President and CEO Ray Long on Treasury’s Safe Harbor Guidance:

“The American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) is deeply concerned that today’s Treasury guidance on the long-standing ‘beginning of construction’ safe harbor significantly undermines its proven effectiveness, is inconsistent with the law, and creates unnecessary uncertainty for renewable energy development in the United States.

“For over a decade, the safe harbor provisions have served as clear, accountable rules of the road – helping to reduce compliance burdens, foster private investment, and ensure taxpayer protections. These guardrails have been integral to delivering affordable, reliable American clean energy while maintaining transparency and adherence to the rule of law. This was recognized in the One Big Beautiful Act, which codified the safe harbor rules, now changed by this action. 

“We need to build more power generation now, and that includes renewable energy. The U.S. will need roughly 118 gigawatts (the equivalent of 12 New York Cities) of new power generation in the next four years to prevent price spikes and potential shortages. Only a limited set of technologies – solar, wind, batteries, and some natural gas – can be built at that scale in that timeframe.”

###

ABOUT ACORE

For over 20 years, the American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) has been the nation’s leading voice on the issues most essential to clean energy expansion. ACORE unites finance, policy, and technology to accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy. For more information, please visit http://www.acore.org.

Media Contacts:
Stephanie Genco
Senior Vice President, Communications
American Council on Renewable Energy
genco@acore.org

The post ACORE Statement on Treasury’s Safe Harbor Guidance appeared first on ACORE.

https://acore.org/news/acore-statement-on-treasurys-safe-harbor-guidance/

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Should I Get a Solar Battery Storage System?

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Frequent power outages, unreliable grid connection, sky-high electricity bills, and to top it off, your solar panels are exporting excess energy back to the grid, for a very low feed-in-tariff. 

Do all these scenarios sound familiar? Your answer might be yes! 

These challenges have become increasingly common across Australia, encouraging more and more homeowners to consider solar battery storage systems. 

Why? Because they want to take control of their energy, store surplus solar power, and reduce reliance on the grid.  

But then again, people often get perplexed, and their biggest question remains: Should I get a Solar Battery Storage System in Australia? 

Well, the answer can be yes in many cases, such as a battery can offer energy independence, ensure better bill savings, and provide peace of mind during unexpected power outages, but it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution.  

There are circumstances where a battery may not be necessary or even cost-effective. 

In this guide, we’ll break down when it makes sense and all the pros and cons you need to know before making the investment.

Why You Need Battery Storage Now?

According to data, Australia has surpassed 3.9 million rooftop solar installations, generating more than 37 GW of PV capacity, which is about 20% of electricity in the National Electricity Market in 2024 and early 2025.  

Undoubtedly, the country’s strong renewable energy targets, sustainability goals, and the clean‑energy revolution have brought solar power affordability, but the next step in self‑reliance is battery storage. 

Data from The Guardian says that 1 in 5 new solar installs in 2025 now includes a home battery, versus 1 in 20 just a few years ago, representing a significant leap in adoption.  

Moreover, the recent launch of the Cheaper Home Batteries program has driven this uptake even further, with over 11,500 battery units installed in just the first three weeks from July 1, and around 1,000 installations per day. 

Overall, the Australian energy market is evolving rapidly. Average household battery size has climbed to about 17 kWh from 10–12 kWh previously.  

Hence, the experts are assuming that 10 GW of new battery capacity will be added over the next five years, competing with Australia’s current coal‑fired capacity.

What Am I Missing Out on Without Solar Batteries?

Honestly? You’re missing out on the best part of going solar. 

Renewable sources of energy like solar, hydro, and wind make us feel empowered. For example, solar batteries lower your electricity bills, minimize grid dependency, and also help to reduce your carbon footprint 

But here’s the catch! Without battery storage, you’re only halfway there! 

The true magic of solar power isn’t just in producing clean energy; it’s storing and using it efficiently.  

A solar battery lets you store excess energy and use it when the sun goes down or the grid goes out. It’s the key to real energy independence. Therefore, ultimately, getting a battery is what makes your solar system truly yours.

Why You Need Battery Storage Now

Here’s a list of what you’re missing out on without a solar battery: 

  1. Energy Independence 
  2. Batteries help you to stay powered even during blackouts or grid failures. With energy storage, you don’t have to think of fuel price volatility and supply-demand disruption in the  Australian energy market. 

  3. Maximized Savings  
  4. Adding a solar battery to your solar PV system allows you to use your own stored energy at night instead of repurchasing it at high rates. It also reduces grid pressure during peak hours, restoring grid stability. 

  5. Better Return on Investment ROI 
  6. Tired of Australian low feed-in-tariff rates 

    Make full use of your solar system by storing excess power at a low price rather than exporting it. Solar panel and battery systems can be a powerful duo for Australian households.  

  7. Lower Carbon Footprint 
  8. Despite the steady growth in solar, wind, and hydro, fossil fuels still dominate the grid. Fossil fuels supplied approximately 64% of Australia’s total electricity generation, while coal alone accounted for around 45%. 

    These stats highlight why solar battery storage is so valuable. By storing surplus solar energy, homeowners can reduce their reliance on a grid that still runs on coal and gas.  

  9. Peace of Mind 
  10. Enjoy 24/7 uninterrupted power, no matter what’s happening outside.  

    Besides powering urban homes and businesses, batteries also provide reliable power backup for off-grid living at night when your solar panel can’t produce, ensuring peace of mind. 

What Size Solar Battery Do I Need?

While choosing the battery size, it isn’t just about picking the biggest one you can afford; it’s about matching your household’s energy consumption pattern. There is no one-size battery that will make financial or functional sense for everyone. 

Nevertheless, if you have an average family of four with no exceptional power demands, you may get by with a 10kWh to 12kWh battery bank as a ready-to-roll backup system.  

Well, this is just an estimation, as we have no idea of your power needs, because selecting a battery is highly subjective to the household in question. 

With that being said, you can get a good idea of how much power you use on average by analyzing your electric bill copy. Also, keeping track of which appliances you use the most and which ones require the most power will help you.  

So, to figure out the ideal battery size for your home, you need to consider three most important things: 

  1. Your Daily Energy Usage

Check your electricity bill for your average daily consumption (in kWh). Most Australian homes use between 15 to 25 kWh per day. 

  1. Your Solar System Output

How much excess solar energy are you generating during the day? That’s the power you’ll store to use later rather than exporting. 

  1. Your Nighttime Power Usage

A battery is most useful at night or during grid outages. So, estimate how much power you typically use after sunset. However, by using a battery, you can also get the freedom of living off the grid. 

Sizing Up: The Ideal Home Battery for Aussies! 

  • For small households and light usage, a 5 kWh battery will be suitable. 
  • For average Australian households, adding a 10 kWh battery would be enough. 
  • Large homes and high-energy users will need a 13 to 15 kWh system. 
  • For full independence, off-grid living, or blackout protection, you may require a larger battery size of 20+ kWh. 

Want help calculating your exact needs? Just drop your daily usage and solar output, and we’ll do the math for you! Cyanergy is here to help!  

Sizing Up: The Ideal Home Battery for Aussies! 

  • For small households and light usage, a 5 kWh battery will be suitable. 
  • For average Australian households, adding a 10 kWh battery would be enough. 
  • Large homes and high-energy users will need a 13 to 15 kWh system. 
  • For full independence, off-grid living, or blackout protection, you may require a larger battery size of 20+ kWh. 

Want help calculating your exact needs? Just drop your daily usage and solar output, and we’ll do the math for you! Cyanergy is here to help! 

How Much Do Solar Batteries Cost?

How Much Do Solar Batteries Cost

Previously, you would have to pay between $3000 and $3600 for the battery alone, plus the cost of installation, for every kWh of solar battery storage.  

However, you can currently expect to pay between $1200 and $1400 for each kWh of solar battery storage. That is a price reduction of approximately 52%, and things will only get better from here. 

Does that imply solar batteries are cheap now? Not really, but the cost is well justified by the pros of having a battery storage system. 

Also, while paying for solar batteries, you have to consider many other factors like the type of battery, your solar panel system configurations and compatibility, brand, and installation partner.  

These will significantly influence the price range of battery storage. 

Is a Solar Battery Worth It | Pros and Cons at a Glance

It’s okay to feel a little overwhelmed while deciding to invest your hard-earned money in a battery.  

So, here we’ve listed the pros and cons of having a solar battery to help you in the decision-making process. 

Benefits of Solar Battery Storage 

  • Solar batteries help you become self-sustaining. 
  • You don’t have to care about power outages anymore 
  • In the event of any natural disaster, you will still have a power source 
  • Battery prices are dropping significantly as we speak 
  • During peak hours, grid electricity prices increase due to high demand; you can avoid paying a high price and use your battery. It’s essentially free energy, as solar generates energy from the sun. 
  • Reduced carbon footprint as the battery stores energy from a renewable source. 

Advantages of battery for the grid and national energy system: 

  • Batteries support Virtual Power Plants (VPPs). In 2025, consumers get financial bonuses (AUD 250‑400) for joining, plus grid benefits via distributed dispatchable power.  
  • Grid‑scale batteries like Victoria Big Battery or Hornsdale Power Reserve are increasing system resilience by storing large amounts of renewable energy and reducing blackout risk. 

Drawbacks of Solar Battery Storage 

  • One of the biggest barriers is that solar batteries have a high upfront cost, which makes installation harder for residents. 
  • Home batteries require physical space, proper ventilation, and can’t always be placed just anywhere, especially in smaller homes or apartments. 
  • Most batteries, like lithium-ion batteries, last 5 to 15 years, meaning they may need replacement during your solar system’s lifetime. 
  • While many systems are low-maintenance, some may require software updates, monitoring, or even professional servicing over time. 
  • Battery production involves mining and processing materials like lithium or lead, which raise environmental and ethical concerns.   

Should You Buy a Solar Battery?: Here’s the Final Call!

You should consider buying a solar battery if several key factors align with your situation.  

First, it’s a strong financial move if you live in a state where federal and state incentives can significantly reduce the upfront cost. This can make the investment far more affordable.  

A solar battery can be especially worthwhile if you value having backup power during outages, lowering your electricity bills, and gaining a measure of energy independence from the grid.  

Additionally, you should be comfortable with taking a few extra steps to get the most value out of your system, such as joining a virtual power plant (VPP), which allows your battery to participate in grid services in exchange for modest returns.  

Finally, it’s worth noting that rebates decline annually, and early adopters get the most value.  

Takeaway Thoughts

Installing a solar battery in Australia in mid‑2025 offers substantial financial, environmental, and energy‑security benefits, especially if you qualify for multiple subsidies and have good solar capacity.  

With rebates shrinking after 2025 and demand surging, early movers stand to benefit most. 

By helping balance the grid and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, home battery adoption contributes significantly to Australia’s national goals of 82% renewable energy by 2030 

It’s not just about savings; it’s about being part of a smarter, cleaner, more resilient electricity future for Australia. 

Looking for CEC-accredited local installers?  

Contact us today for any of your solar needs. We’d be happy to assist!  

Your Solution Is Just a Click Away

The post Should I Get a Solar Battery Storage System? appeared first on Cyanergy.

Should I Get a Solar Battery Storage System?

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Wine Grapes and Climate Change

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I just spoke with a guy in the wine industry, and I asked him how, if at all, climate change is affecting what we does.

From his perspective, it’s the horrific wildfires whose smoke imbues (or “taints”) the grapes with an unpleasant flavor that needs to be modified, normally by creative methods of blending.

Wine Grapes and Climate Change

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