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Welcome to Carbon Brief’s Cropped.
We handpick and explain the most important stories at the intersection of climate, land, food and nature over the past fortnight.

This is an online version of Carbon Brief’s fortnightly Cropped email newsletter. Subscribe for free here.

Key developments

COP16 comes to a close

ABRUPT END: COP16 nature talks in Cali “ended in disarray on Saturday” after nearly 12 hours of overtime, “with some breakthroughs”, but without consensus on key issues such as nature funding and how this decade’s targets would be monitored, the Guardian reported. Many developing country delegations “were forced to leave the talks early”, it added, due to the 14-hour over run. Those delegations “expressed fury” at how the talks were organised, leaving “crucial issues undecided at the final hour”. Those issues – and COP16 itself – will have to be picked up “next year at an interim meeting in Bangkok”. For a full breakdown of events, read Carbon Brief’s detailed summary of COP16’s key outcomes and watch back the wrap-up webinar where Cropped journalists explained what happened in Cali and answered audience questions. 

‘CALI FUND’: One of the “breakthroughs” that countries managed to agree on was a “global levy on products made using genetic data from nature”, the Guardian said. Pharmaceutical, cosmetics and agricultural technology companies that “presently enjoy free and extensive access to this data” now “should contribute” 1% of their profits or 0.1% revenue to the new “Cali Fund”, the Financial Times explained. While this “would essentially be voluntary contributions by companies, rather than [a] mandatory levy”, the decision “could create significant moral and reputational pressure on companies to comply”, it added. Global pharmaceutical industry bodies quoted in the outlet “hit out at the decision” that could have raised a “$67m payment last year from Switzerland’s Roche…alone”.​​ At least half of the money is “meant to support Indigenous people and local communities, especially in low-income parts of the world”, Vox reported. 

NO NEW FUND: A key issue on which “no common ground was found” was “how to close the gap in biodiversity finance”, Climate Home News reported. While “unlocking” new and additional finance was a key challenge for COP16, “very little fresh cash was forthcoming” in the two-week summit, the outlet wrote, observers calling $163m in new pledges a “drop in the ocean”. It added that African countries, Brazil and Bolivia “demanded a new fund”, while “Canada, Switzerland, Japan, New Zealand and the EU opposed it, instead offering an assessment of the current set-up by COP18”. Wealthy nations “appeared to hit a limit with how much they are willing to pay” to protect nature at COP16, Reuters wrote, “instead shifting their focus” towards “private money filling the funding gap”.

Indigenous recognition at COP16

A PERMANENT HOME: In one of the historic wins at COP16, negotiators agreed to “establish a subsidiary body that will include Indigenous peoples in future decisions on nature conservation”, the Associated Press said. The outlet explained that the subsidiary body “recognises and protects” Indigenous knowledge and practices for the “benefit of global and national biodiversity management”. According to the text adopted by the COP, the subsidiary body will have two co-chairs: one nominated by Indigenous representatives and one nominated by parties within a rotating UN regional grouping. The Jakarta Post noted that Indonesia “eventually supported” the creation of the subsidiary body “following an initial rejection”.

‘WATERSHED MOMENT’: Agence-France Presse reported that Indigenous representatives at the summit, “many in traditional dress and headgear, broke out in cheers and chants” upon the adoption of the decision. The newswire quoted Camila Romero, an Indigenous representative from Chile, who said: “This is an unprecedented moment in the history of multilateral agreements on the environment.” Earth.org called the decision a “watershed moment” and added it “builds on a growing movement to recognise the role of Indigenous peoples in protecting land and helping combat climate change”.

EXPLICIT RECOGNITION: In a separate decision, the COP “finally explicitly recognised the role played by the Afro-descendant population in the care and preservation of biodiversity”, Colombia’s El Espectador reported. The Spanish-language daily said that the issue “had cost [delegates] several hours of negotiations”, as Colombia’s proposal – backed by Brazil – was strongly opposed by the African Group. The newspaper noted: “In practice, this recognition also means that they will be able, in the future, to access funds related to the protection of biodiversity.” On Twitter, Colombian vice-president Francia Márquez wrote: “This is a historic event, an act of ethnic-racial justice.”

Farms hit by ‘deadly’ Valencia floods

VALENCIA DOWNPOUR: Floods that killed more than 200 people in Valencia, Spain, hit farms and left fields waterlogged, Reuters reported. One fruit farmer told the news agency that he was about to harvest oranges and persimmons before the intense rain: “Now the fruit is going to rot. Even the trees can die because they have been under water for 36 hours.” The floods affected “thousands of hectares of farmland”, agricultural groups and farmers told Reuters. Climate change made the extreme rain heavier and more likely to occur, according to a rapid analysis covered by the Associated Press

SMALL FARMS LOSE OUT: Meanwhile, several companies owned by billionaires received “generous” farm subsidies from the EU over 2018-21, the Guardian reported. Based on analysis of “official, but opaque, data”, the newspaper found that billionaires were the “ultimate beneficiaries” tied to £2.76bn of EU farm payments during this time. This included companies owned by the former Czech Republic prime minister Andrej Babiš and “British vacuum cleaner tycoon” James Dyson. Another Guardian piece found that the “income gap” between Europe’s biggest and smallest farms doubled in the past 15 years. Over this time, “the number of small farms has collapsed”, the newspaper’s analysis of agricultural income data found. 

CLINCHER: Smallholder farmers around the world “remain mixed” on the EU’s proposal to delay its anti-deforestation law ahead of a key vote, Mongabay reported. A European parliament vote in mid-November will decide whether the law aiming to stop the sale of goods produced on deforested land will be postponed. An oil palm and cacao farmer in Nigeria told Mongabay that the delay would give “breathing room” for compliance, but added: “It also means that I might lose the momentum I have built up in terms of making these critical changes.” Meanwhile, the European Commission is set to approve Christophe Hansen as the new agriculture commissioner, Euronews reported. Hansen was a key figure in forming the anti-deforestation regulation. 

News and views

‘HUNGER HOTSPOTS’: A new report from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme found that “severe food crises” are putting hundreds of thousands of people at risk in 22 “hunger hotspots”, including Palestine, Sudan, South Sudan, Haiti and Mali, the Associated Press reported. The newswire noted that “conflicts, economic instability and climate shocks” are all fuelling the “alarming levels” of food insecurity. Meanwhile, a joint UN-Nigeria report found that the country is facing “one of its worst hunger crises” as the country is “grappling” with the cost of living, Reuters said. It added: “Flooding and insecurity in northern states [has] continued to hit agriculture, further driving up food prices beyond the reach of many families.”

ILLEGAL ACTIVITY: JBS – the world’s largest producer of beef – purchased cattle from a farm that had previously been sanctioned and fined for illegal deforestation in Brazil, apparently “in direct contravention of its promises to keep its supply chain clean”, an Unearthed investigation revealed. JBS told Unearthed that “acquisitions followed JBS purchasing policy according to the available information at the time”. Meanwhile, Brazilian authorities told Reuters that they “are preparing to remove illegal gold miners from an Indigenous reservation in the Amazon rainforest”. The reservation in question “has the second-most illegal mining in Brazil”. Illegal mining causes deforestation, contaminates rivers with mercury and has “triggered public health crises on Indigenous reservations”, the newswire added.

CUTTING CORNERS: Verra, the world’s largest certifier of carbon credits, has announced that it will review projects more quickly despite workforce reductions, Climate Home News reported. Verra has introduced a new “risk-based approach” that uses algorithms and staff judgement to categorise offset projects by how risky they are. Projects deemed high-risk will be checked more thoroughly than low-risk ones. Experts told Climate Home News that the new approach risks further undermining Verra’s credibility following allegations of malpractice (which Verra disputes). In response, a spokesperson for Verra told the publication that the approach had been in development for “some time” and would “help mitigate the impact of the reduction in [staff] forces, but that is not the purpose of it”.

VIRAL MIXING: The US Department of Agriculture announced that a pig on a farm in Oregon was infected with H5N1, the highly contagious avian influenza virus that has been circulating since 2020. NPR wrote that “finding bird flu in a pig raises worries that the virus may be hitting a stepping stone to becoming a bigger threat to people”, adding that swine are an intermediary that “can play a role in making bird viruses better adapted to humans”. In the Conversation, Prof Ed Hutchinson from University of Glasgow explained: “Pig cells can be infected by both bird flu and human flu, making pigs a potential ‘mixing vessel’ in which influenza viruses with pandemic potential could be brewed.”

Watch, read, listen

PARADISE LOST: A Hakai Magazine story reflected on how it took “millions of years” for the Mediterranean to heal from a “massive environmental calamity”.

‘COSMO BIOCENTRIC’: The Economics for Rebels podcast talked to Dr Jocelyne Sze about Indigenous stewardship of global ecosystems.

SEEDS OF DOUBT: Yale Environment 360 interviewed a microbial biologist about “how reforestation efforts can go awry if done poorly, reducing biodiversity and harming local populations”.

POST-COP ANALYSIS: The BBC World Service Newshour programme covered COP16’s key outcomes, speaking to a member of the Sámi Indigenous peoples and Carbon Brief’s Orla Dwyer. 

New science

  • A global area the size of Mexico has the potential for natural forest restoration, a Nature study said. The authors calculated that restoring this area of forest could absorb 23.4bn tonnes of carbon over 30 years.
  • A slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could “exert a systemic impact on the Amazon” by causing northern forests to dry out, according to a Nature Geosciences study. The research used ancient pollen and micro-charcoal data to reconstruct how a past slowdown of the large-scale ocean current system caused hotter and drier conditions in the northern Amazon, suggesting this could happen this century because of climate change.
  • Intense marine heatwaves reduce catches of lobster, sea urchin and sea cucumber for small-scale Mexican fishing communities by as much as 58%, a Communications Earth and Environment study found. The scientists noted impacts were larger “for operations in areas of high historical environmental variation and low historical variation in fisheries production”.

In the diary

Cropped is researched and written by Dr Giuliana Viglione, Aruna Chandrasekhar, Daisy Dunne, Orla Dwyer and Yanine Quiroz. Please send tips and feedback to cropped@carbonbrief.org.

The post Cropped 6 November 2024: COP16 concludes; Recognition for Indigenous peoples; Spain’s farms hit by ‘deadly floods’ appeared first on Carbon Brief.

Cropped 6 November 2024: COP16 concludes; Recognition for Indigenous peoples; Spain’s farms hit by ‘deadly floods’

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A strong El Niño spells more climate pain for the Philippines

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Suresanathan Murugesu is the country director of Action Against Hunger in the Philippines

The Philippines is caught in an extreme weather trap. Here, forecasts for a strong El Niño in the months ahead do not just indicate a period of drought – they also point to torrential rain and flooding.

It could hardly come at a worse time, threatening communities that are still struggling to recover from previous typhoons, such as last year’s Typhoon Tino, as well as two strong earthquakes – in Cebu in September 2025 and last month’s 7.8-magnitude quake in Mindanao.

Forecasts point to the arrival of one of the most intense El Niños in recent history this year and into 2027, with the United Nations warning that it could be the strongest in decades around the world.

The peak of the El Niño is expected towards the end of the year, but the weather phenomenon is already estimated to have caused agricultural losses of nearly €30 million (£25.9 million), potentially affecting the livelihoods of 4 million farmers.

    On the climate frontline

    For many, El Niño is a figure in a report or a distant headline, but for those of us who live and work on the ground, it is a reality that is already hitting the most vulnerable families.

    When I travel through the communities of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region – in the south – or speak with families on the island of Siargao or in the Zamboanga region, I do not see data or graphs.

    I see a father looking at his cracked rice field, wondering how he will pay off the debts from a harvest that is already lost before it has even begun. I see a mother walking under a relentless sun because her village’s well has dried up, carrying the water that sustains the health of her children and her entire community.

    And what we are seeing today – 26 provinces experiencing drought and millions of dollars in agricultural losses – is only the beginning.

    Loss and damage fund delays first project approvals as needs dwarf resources

    Many Filipino families are still trying to rebuild and recover after last year’s typhoons and the two earthquakes. In Mindanao, where the recent magnitude 7.8 earthquake displaced more than 90,000 people and destroyed over 19,000 houses, uncertainty remains about when the people will be able to fully recover and return home. 

    Today, they are trying to protect the meagre possessions they have and, if they are lucky enough to have their home unscathed by typhoons and earthquakes, their homes from flooding; tomorrow, they will have to survive the hardship and impact of drought.

    The effects of El Niño threaten to exacerbate their troubles.

    Struggle for basic needs

    Many low-income Filipino families already face significant challenges to meet their basic needs.

    In our daily visits, we see how life is becoming increasingly difficult for millions of people. Rising fuel and transport costs are driving up the price of basic foodstuffs, making them unaffordable for many families. At the same time, crop failures and income losses are leaving households without livelihoods, while disasters contribute to further suffering.

    A farmer collects rice along the side of the road during a hot day in Candaba, Pampanga, Philippines, April 30, 2024. REUTERS/Eloisa Lopez

    A farmer collects rice along the side of the road during a hot day in Candaba, Pampanga, Philippines, April 30, 2024. REUTERS/Eloisa Lopez

    But we are not just talking about hunger. We are talking about health, safety and dignity. Water shortages are forcing many people to resort to unsafe sources, increasing the risk of disease. And, as is the case in so many crises, it is the most vulnerable who bear the heaviest burden: walking long distances every day to fetch water or food, enduring enormous physical strain and facing risks of violence and insecurity.

    Building resilience

    Faced with this reality, our response is based on a simple idea: to be there before the crisis reaches its most critical point. At Action Against Hunger, we work alongside communities to anticipate the situation, assessing the impact of the drought and activating early response mechanisms to protect their livelihoods and access to water.

    We translate climate forecasts into concrete action plans: from support for farmers to programmes ensuring safe water. All of this is done in coordination with local authorities and international partners, because we know that what we do today will make the difference tomorrow.

    A supercharged El Niño is coming – are we ready?

    The hardest months are yet to come. But the question is not just what will happen, but what we are doing now to prevent it. How many tables will remain empty and how many children will see their health compromised will depend on our ability to act in time.

    We cannot stop El Niño. But we can prevent it from becoming a crisis of human dignity. We cannot afford to look the other way whilst the earth cracks and opportunities disappear. Because behind every statistic, there is a family struggling to get by. And that is a reality we cannot ignore.

    The post A strong El Niño spells more climate pain for the Philippines appeared first on Climate Home News.

    A strong El Niño spells more climate pain for the Philippines

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    Interview: COP31 president says electrification is ‘surest way to protect citizens’

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    Last month, COP31 president-designate Murat Kurum launched a target for 35% of the world’s final energy to come from electricity by 2035.

    In an interview with Carbon Brief, Kurum says that the target was not a political choice, but instead reflects the latest evidence on “what is needed to keep 1.5C within reach”.

    The ongoing Hormuz crisis means there is an “urgent” need for renewables and electrification, which are the “surest and cleanest way to protect citizens” from high energy prices.

    Kurum says that the Brazilian and Ethiopian presidencies of COP30 and COP32, as well as the EU, UK and Canada, have welcomed the target.

    He adds that “all have confirmed it will be central to discussions at COP31”.

    In the interview, Kurum – who is also Turkey’s minister of environment, urbanisation and climate change – tells Carbon Brief where the target came from and what he expects to happen next.

    Carbon Brief: You recently launched a target for 35% of the world’s final energy to come from electricity by 2035. Where did this idea come from?

    Murat Kurum: The “35 by 35” target is grounded in technical data and based on the IEA [International Energy Agency] and IRENA [International Renewable Energy Agency] analysis of what is needed to keep [the 1.5C Paris Agreement target] within reach. The level was not chosen politically. Rather, it reflects what the science and the energy modelling tell us is required.

    CB: Why do you think an electrification target is important right now?

    MK: The case for the target is urgent right now. The latest war in the Gulf has made energy diversification – and, in particular, renewable energy transition and electrification – a top global priority, because it is the surest and cleanest way to protect citizens around the world from high and volatile energy prices.

    At a time of real fragmentation in international relations, a single, shared target is needed to focus global efforts by aligning governments, businesses and investors behind a common benchmark and to send a clear market signal.

    CB: Which countries are supporting this target so far?

    MK: The reaction so far has been extremely positive and, while we presented our target at the UN June climate meetings in Bonn, our earlier conversations with parties at both the Petersberg and Copenhagen climate dialogues paved the way for this launch.

    For example, the EU, UK, and Canada have welcomed the target, as have the Brazilian COP30 and Ethiopian COP32 presidencies. All have confirmed it will be central to discussions at COP31.

    This support has been reflected in the business community as well, with polling by the We Mean Business Coalition showing that 90% of businesses expect to have largely electrified their operations by 2035 and that 88% expect electrification will make their business more competitive.

    CB: How do you hope and expect to see this taken forward at the COP? Could it be in the formal COP outcomes, or part of the second global stocktake?

    MK: We are now taking electrification forward as an “action agenda” initiative to bring actors together and drive progress. The action agenda and the [formal COP] negotiations are separate, but complementary, with different processes and thresholds, and it is too early to say what all countries might be able to agree in the negotiations. That is for parties to determine as the year progresses.

    We are focused and determined to use COP31 as a moment to spark a global conversation about electrification.

    CB: What are the key priorities for reaching the target?

    MK: The critical sectors for reaching the target are buildings, transport and industry, which together account for around 45% of global emissions. Financial support for the developing world and investment in grids and infrastructure is also crucial.

    The target also builds on COP28’s target to triple renewable energy capacity and seeks to take advantage of the tumbling cost of renewable power and other technologies critical to the energy transition. This is a journey that Turkey itself is taking ambitious steps on, including our plan to reach 120GW [gigawatts] of renewable capacity by 2035.

    This interview was first published in the 10 July 2026 edition of Carbon Brief’s DeBriefed weekly newsletter. Sign up for free.

    The post Interview: COP31 president says electrification is ‘surest way to protect citizens’ appeared first on Carbon Brief.

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    Climate Change

    DeBriefed 10 July 2026: Deadly Europe heat | EU electrification leak | COP31 president interview

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    Welcome to Carbon Brief’s DeBriefed. 
    An essential guide to the week’s key developments relating to climate change.

    This week

    ‘Catastrophic’ climate impacts

    RECORD HEAT: Western Europe experienced its hottest June on record – some 3C above average – according to analysis covered by the Guardian. It said the finding came “as the UK enters its third heatwave of the year and wildfires ravage France and Spain”. Le Monde said 10,000 people had been evacuated due to wildfires in southern France.

    ‘EXCESS DEATHS’: The June heatwave killed more than 2,700 people in France, according to a guest post analysis for Carbon Brief. Similar analysis for Germany said there had been more than 5,000 “excess deaths”, reported Bloomberg. Meanwhile, an ongoing heatwave in the US has killed at least 30 people, said USA Today.

    STORM TEST: Floods have killed 39 people in Guangxi province in southern China, said state-run newspaper China Daily. Scientists warned that climate change and the weather phenomenon El Niño are exposing China to “catastrophic storms” that will test its resilience in 2026, reported Reuters. The nation’s latest official climate report found that “extreme weather and climate events…have become more frequent and severe”, said China National Radio.

    Around the world

    • EU ELECTRIFICATION: The European Commission is set to unveil a 2040 target for EU electrification on 17 July, reported Bloomberg. Citing a leaked draft, it said the plan would aim to cut oil use in half and gas use by two-thirds.
    • PEAKING PLAN: China has published an “action plan” for peaking emissions during the 15th five-year plan period to 2030, reported Xinhua. It lists targets including “new energy vehicles” making up 30% of cars on the road by 2030, said Reuters.
    • CLIMATE ‘FLAT EARTHER’: The Trump administration has appointed Matthew Wielicki, described by Politico as a “climate critic”, to lead the office in charge of the US national climate assessment. Common Dreams quoted a scientist describing the move as “like putting a flat-earther in charge of NASA”.
    • UGANDAN SUIT: A group of farmers from Uganda have launched a legal suit in London against the East African oil pipeline, according to Climate Home News.

    23%

    The share of Irish electricity used by data centres in 2025, reported the Irish Times.

    2%

    The share of global electricity used by data centres in the same year, according to Carbon Brief analysis of the Energy Institute statistical review.


    Latest climate research

    • Meltwater from the western Himalayan glaciers will peak at around 2C of warming, before declining at higher warming levels | Environmental Research Letters
    • Current coral restoration efforts may be unsuitable for temperate reefs, including those in the Mediterranean | Nature Ecology & Evolution
    • People tend to underestimate the level of “broad public support” for climate action | Nature Climate Change

    (For more, see Carbon Brief’s in-depth daily summaries of the top climate news stories on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.)

    Captured

    Average number of days per year with a daily maximum temperature of at least 30C in a selection of major European cities, for each decade since the 1950s

    Carbon Brief explained – via eight facts – why air conditioning rates in some parts of Europe are relatively low, as the technology emerges as a new front in the global “culture war” over climate action. Analysis for the article illustrated that, in many parts of the world’s fastest-warming continent, air conditioning simply was not needed in the past.

    Spotlight

    COP31 president speaks to Carbon Brief on electrification

    This week, Carbon Brief interviews Murat Kurum, president-designate of the COP31 UN climate talks in November and Turkey’s minister of environment, urbanisation and climate change, on his target to boost global electrification.

    Carbon Brief: You recently launched a target for 35% of the world’s final energy to come from electricity by 2035. Where did this idea come from?

    Murat Kurum: The “35 by 35” target is grounded in technical data and based on the IEA [International Energy Agency] and IRENA [International Renewable Energy Agency] analysis of what is needed to keep [the 1.5C Paris Agreement target] within reach. The level was not chosen politically. Rather, it reflects what the science and the energy modelling tell us is required.

    CB: Why do you think an electrification target is important right now?

    MK: The case for the target is urgent right now. The latest war in the Gulf has made energy diversification – and, in particular, renewable energy transition and electrification – a top global priority, because it is the surest and cleanest way to protect citizens around the world from high and volatile energy prices.

    At a time of real fragmentation in international relations, a single, shared target is needed to focus global efforts by aligning governments, businesses and investors behind a common benchmark and to send a clear market signal.

    COP31 president-designate Murat Kurum. Credit: Supplied by COP31 secretariat
    COP31 president-designate Murat Kurum. Credit: Supplied by COP31 secretariat

    CB: Which countries are supporting this target so far?

    MK: The reaction so far has been extremely positive and, while we presented our target at the UN June climate meetings in Bonn, our earlier conversations with parties at both the Petersberg and Copenhagen climate dialogues paved the way for this launch.

    For example, the EU, UK, and Canada have welcomed the target, as have the Brazilian COP30 and Ethiopian COP32 presidencies. All have confirmed it will be central to discussions at COP31.

    This support has been reflected in the business community as well, with polling by the We Mean Business Coalition showing that 90% of businesses expect to have largely electrified their operations by 2035 and that 88% expect electrification will make their business more competitive.

    CB: How do you hope and expect to see this taken forward at the COP? Could it be in the formal COP outcomes, or part of the second global stocktake?

    MK: We are now taking electrification forward as an “action agenda” initiative to bring actors together and drive progress. The action agenda and the [formal COP] negotiations are separate, but complementary, with different processes and thresholds, and it is too early to say what all countries might be able to agree in the negotiations. That is for parties to determine as the year progresses.

    We are focused and determined to use COP31 as a moment to spark a global conversation about electrification.

    CB: What are the key priorities for reaching the target?

    MK: The critical sectors for reaching the target are buildings, transport and industry, which together account for around 45% of global emissions. Financial support for the developing world and investment in grids and infrastructure is also crucial.

    The target also builds on COP28’s target to triple renewable energy capacity and seeks to take advantage of the tumbling cost of renewable power and other technologies critical to the energy transition. This is a journey that Turkey itself is taking ambitious steps on, including our plan to reach 120GW [gigawatts] of renewable capacity by 2035.

    Watch, read, listen

    HEATED: A Financial Times long read asked if Europe – the world’s fastest-warming continent – is “prepared for a world of extreme heat”.

    LITIGATED: The Outrage and Optimism podcast spoke to Prof Joana Setzer and Catherine Higham about the latest trends in climate litigation.

    ‘SHATTERED’: Confidence in fossil-fuel exports via the strait of Hormuz has been “shattered”, wrote IEA chief Fatih Birol for Foreign Policy.

    Coming up

    Pick of the jobs

    DeBriefed is edited by Daisy Dunne. Please send any tips or feedback to debriefed@carbonbrief.org.

    This is an online version of Carbon Brief’s weekly DeBriefed email newsletter. Subscribe for free here.

    The post DeBriefed 10 July 2026: Deadly Europe heat | EU electrification leak | COP31 president interview appeared first on Carbon Brief.

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