Did the age of sail really end? Or did it just take on a new form, with modern technology?

For more information about wind assisted propulsion, check out IWSA: https://www.wind-ship.org/

You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys

This film has been supported by the Meliore Foundation. Responsibility for the information and views set out in this film lies with the author. The Meliore Foundation cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained or expressed therein.
The Meliore Foundation had no editorial control over this video, but facilitated the interviews within it.

REFERENCES
1. https://seas-at-risk.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/A-global-Fleet-Under-Wind_Seas_At_Risk-1.pdf
2. https://www.iata.org/contentassets/252e4a52294e4d86928fb5fd8a1ffd5c/netzero-progressreport2024.pdf
3. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/press/pressinformation/germany-on-track-for-2030-climate-targets
4. https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/what-fuel-will-ships-burn-as-they-move-toward-net-zero/
5. https://airseas.com/en/seawing-system/
6. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/117
7. https://www.bartechnologies.uk/commercial-ships/windwings/
8. https://www.cargill.com/2023/cargill-bar-technologies-wind-technology-sets-sail
9. https://www.marineinsight.com/shipping-news/norsepower-receives-order-for-installation-of-the-worlds-first-tiltable-rotor-sail/
10. https://earth.org/disappointment-and-determination-as-us-blocks-decision-on-shipping-carbon-price/
11. https://www.wind-ship.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/MEPC-81-INF.39-White-paper-on-wind-propulsion-Comoros-France-Solomon-IWSA.pdf

———- II ———-

More about me – https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
My book – https://geni.us/firmament

Bluesky – https://bsky.app/profile/simonoxfphys.com
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark

———- II ———-

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Edited by Luke Negus.
Research by Marina Hui.
All models were printed using recycled filament and will be recycled when no longer used.

Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:

bitreign33 , Dave Teare, Eric A Gentzler, Gary Stark, Glen Monks, Marcus Bosshard.

Artem Plotnikov, Ben Curtis, David TLR, Jeffry ., Jon Arlov, Marius Kießling, Paul H and Linda L, Peter Reid, TheKeeperOfPie, Tom Oldfield.

Adam Gillard, Adam Pazderka, Adrian Sand, Alex, Alex Hall, Andrea De Mezzo, Andy Hartley, Andy Parr, Anže Cesar, Ashley Hauck, Ashley Steel, AYS , Baerbel Winkler, Bastian Pranzas, Bill Keydel, Brian Moss, Chris Laslett, Christian Weckner, Christopher Hall, Cifer, Ciotka Cierpienia, Circuitrinos, Claudia Kapp, Clemens, Cody VanZandt, Crisan Talpes, Dan Hanvey, Daniel Andersson, Daniel Cooney, David Mccann, David Stone, Denis Kovachev, Diederik Jekel, Dom, Dominik Rihak, Duffman, FireFerretDann, flakykilowatt, Florian Thie, Gabriele Siino, Hannarrrr, Haris Karimjee, Heijde, Ian Hamilton, idris, Ishaan Shah, j, Jack Fretwell, Jacob Speelman, James Gaskell, James Gurney, James Haigh, James Leadbetter, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Jean-Manuel Izaret, Joachim Murat, John, Josef Probst, Katharina Hartmuth, Kevin B, Kirsten Athome, KJ Xiao, Knut Nesheim, Korbinian, Kristopher Sicari, Lach Woods, Leonard Neamtu, Marcin Wrochna, Mark Harper, Mark Moore, Mark Richardson, Matthew H, Mercure, Micael Batista, Michael Belde, Michelle Valentino, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Mike, Mikkel Kragh, Morten Engsvang, Nathan Rohrlach, Nick Humphries, Nico Kempe, OldGreyWolf, Peter Lee, Phil Saici, Philipp Legner, Rapssack, Real Engineering, Reid, Richard Bartlett, Richard Swain, Ryan, Sean Richards, Seb Stott, Sergio Alvarez, Sergio Diaz, Simone, Steffan , Sylvus , szigyi, Tanner , Ted CLAY, Thibault , Thomas Charbonnel, Thomas Newman, Thusto , Tobias Ahsbahs, Tom Painter, Tom Wilson, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Tony, Tschäff Reisberg, Ui, Victor Gordan, Yorick Droz, Youri Hubaut, Zoey O’Neill.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xit31j1l3Q0

Want to restore the planet’s ecosystems and see your impact in monthly videos? The first 100 people to join Planet Wild with my code SIMON5 will get the first month paid for by me: https://planetwild.com/r/simonclark/join/5
If you want to get to know them better first, check out their mission using tech to build a forest: https://planetwild.com/r/simonclark/m39/5

London has long been synonymous with dirty air, but in the past decade an extremely impactful public health policy has changed that. Though it hasn’t been smooth sailing for the ULEZ…

You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys

REFERENCES
1. https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1975.tb05276.x
2. https://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/clearing-the-air-in-the-big-smoke-a-complex-challenge-with-a-long-history/
3. Freese, Barbara. Coal: A Human History. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2003.
4. https://www.rmets.org/metmatters/65-years-great-smog
5. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7961914-it-was-by-this-time-about-nine-in-the-morning
6. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/4-5/52/enacted
7. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/air-quality-statistics/concentrations-of-particulate-matter-pm10-and-pm25
8. https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2
9. https://www.london.gov.uk/programmes-strategies/environment-and-climate-change/environment-and-climate-change-publications/air-quality-london-2016-2024
10. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-pollution-applying-all-our-health/air-pollution-applying-all-our-health
11. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-55330945
12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749118321687
13. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-pollution-in-the-uk-2024/air-pollution-in-the-uk-2024-compliance-assessment-summary
14. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgq9nnj274xo
15. https://www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/londons-low-emission-zones-save-lives-and-money-new-study-finds/
16. https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2023/09/03/the-blade-runners/
17. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce39l04d88qo
18. https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/1781919/sadiq-khan-ulez-reform-uk-london-mayor-election-comment
19. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642500240X
20. https://www.c40.org/

———- II ———-

More about me – https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
My book – https://geni.us/firmament

Bluesky – https://bsky.app/profile/simonoxfphys.com
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark

———- II ———-

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Edited by Luke Negus.
Research by Amelia Jabry.

Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:

bitreign33 , Dave Teare, Eric A Gentzler, Gary Stark, Glen Monks, Marcus Bosshard.

Artem Plotnikov, Ben Curtis, David TLR, Jeffry ., Jon Arlov, Marius Kießling, Paul H and Linda L, Peter Reid, TheKeeperOfPie, Tom Oldfield.

Adam Gillard, Adam Pazderka, Adrian Sand, Alex, Alex Hall, Andrea De Mezzo, Andy Hartley, Andy Parr, Anže Cesar, Ashley Hauck, Ashley Steel, AYS , Baerbel Winkler, Bastian Pranzas, Bill Keydel, Brian Moss, Chris Laslett, Christian Weckner, Christopher Hall, Cifer, Ciotka Cierpienia, Circuitrinos, Claudia Kapp, Clemens, Cody VanZandt, Crisan Talpes, Dan Hanvey, Daniel Andersson, Daniel Cooney, David Mccann, David Stone, Denis Kovachev, Diederik Jekel, Dom, Dominik Rihak, Duffman, FireFerretDann, flakykilowatt, Florian Thie, Gabriele Siino, Hannarrrr, Haris Karimjee, Heijde, Ian Hamilton, idris, Igor Francetic, Ishaan Shah, j, Jack Fretwell, Jacob Speelman, James Gaskell, James Gurney, James Haigh, James Leadbetter, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Jean-Manuel Izaret, Joachim Murat, John, Josef Probst, Katharina Hartmuth, Kevin B, Kirsten Athome, KJ Xiao, Knut Nesheim, Korbinian, Kristopher Sicari, Lach Woods, Leonard Neamtu, Marcin Wrochna, Mark Harper, Mark Moore, Mark Phillips, Mark Richardson, Martin, Matthew H, Mercure, Micael Batista, Michael Belde, Michelle Valentino, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Mike, Mikkel Kragh, Morten Engsvang, Nathan Rohrlach, Nick Humphries, Nicklas Kulp, Nico Kempe, OldGreyWolf, Peter Lee, Phil Saici, Philipp Legner, Rapssack, Real Engineering, Reid, Richard Bartlett, Richard Swain, Ryan, Sean Richards, Seb Stott, Sergio Alvarez, Sergio Diaz, Simone, Steffan , Sylvus , szigyi, Tanner , Ted CLAY, Thibault , Thomas Charbonnel, Thomas Newman, Thusto , Tobias Ahsbahs, Tom Painter, Tom Wilson, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Tony, Tschäff Reisberg, Ui, Victor Gordan, Yorick Droz, Youri Hubaut, Zoey O’Neill.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS4YqMk3XC8

Watch my interview with Meredith on Nebula (get 50% with my link): https://go.nebula.tv/simonclark

Before engaging in his second oil war of Q1 2026, President Trump took his most harmful act to date against climate action. In this video we talk about what that was, why the people fighting him are probably going to win, and why the whole thing could backfire in a big way for Trump and his oily glucose guardians.

You can support Meredith and their work at NRDC at https://www.nrdc.org/ways-give

You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys

REFERENCES
1. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jan/05/donald-trump-venezuela-nicolas-maduro
2. https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/crude-oil
3. https://renews.biz/110564/uk-to-open-ar8-auction-in-july/
4. https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2026/03/05/EFDTBJWO5NEGNBA7KKH4CWMPNM/
5. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/the-energy-security-fall-out-from-fossil-fuel-fragility-to-electric-independence/
6. https://www.actonclimate.com/trumptracker/
7. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/23/big-oil-445m-trump-congress
8. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
9. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-fossil-land?tab=chart&country=~USA
10. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region
11. https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-multi-pollutant-emissions-standards-model
12. https://www.desmog.com/2026/02/13/trump-epa-climate-working-group-report-endangerment-finding-repeal-curry-koonin-spencer-roy-mckitrick/
13. https://www.carbonbrief.org/debriefed-20-february-2026-eus-3c-warning-endangerment-repeals-impact-on-us-emissions-tree-invasion-fuelled-south-americas-fires/
14. https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2026/02/president-trump-delivers-biggest-regulatory-relief-in-history/
15. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/564/410/
16. https://heated.world/p/trump-is-wiping-out-all-climate-regulation
17. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-trump-has-overseen-more-coal-retirements-than-any-other-us-president/

———- II ———-

More about me – https://www.simonoxfphys.com/
My second channel – https://www.youtube.com/simonclarkerrata
My book – https://geni.us/firmament

Bluesky – https://bsky.app/profile/simonoxfphys.com
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys
Twitch – https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark

———- II ———-

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Edited by Luke Negus.

Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon:

bitreign33 , Dave Teare, Eric A Gentzler, Gary Stark, Glen Monks, Marcus Bosshard.

Andy Hartley, Artem Plotnikov, Ben Curtis, Jeffry ., Jon Arlov, Marius Kießling, Paul H and Linda L, Peter Reid, Tom Oldfield.

Adam Gillard, Adrian Sand, Alex, Alex Hall, Andrea De Mezzo, Andy Giesen, Andy Parr, Anže Cesar, Ashley Hauck, Ashley Steel, AYS , Baerbel Winkler, Bill Keydel, Brian Moss, Chris Laslett, Christian Weckner, Christopher Hall, Cifer, Ciotka Cierpienia, Circuitrinos, Claudia Kapp, Clemens, Cody VanZandt, Crisan Talpes, Dan Hanvey, Daniel Andersson, Daniel Cooney, David Mccann, David Stone, Denis Kovachev, Diederik Jekel, Dominik Rihak, Duffman, FireFerretDann, flakykilowatt, Florian Thie, Gabriele Siino, Hannarrrr, Haris Karimjee, Heijde, I dropped out of my PhD, & I might forgive Simon., Ian Hamilton, idris, Igor Francetic, Ishaan Shah, Jack Fretwell, Jacob Speelman, James Gaskell, James Gurney, James Haigh, James Leadbetter, Jan-Willem Goedmakers, Jean-Manuel Izaret, Joachim Murat, John, Josef Probst, Joseph , Katharina Hartmuth, Kevin B, Kirsten Athome, KJ Xiao, Knut Nesheim, Kristopher Sicari, Lach Woods, Leonard Neamtu, Marcin Wrochna, Mark Harper, Mark Moore, Mark Phillips, Mark Richardson, Martin, Matthew H, Mercure, Michael Belde, Michelle Valentino, Miguel Cabrera Brufau, Mike, Morten Engsvang, Nathan Rohrlach, Nick Humphries, Nicklas Kulp, Nico Kempe, OldGreyWolf, Peter Lee, Phil Saici, Philipp Legner, Phineas, Rapssack, Real Engineering, Reid, Richard Swain, Ryan, Sean Richards, Seb Stott, Sergio Alvarez, Sergio Diaz, Simone, Steffan , Sylvus , szigyi, Tanner , Ted CLAY, Thibault , Thomas Charbonnel, Thomas Newman, Thusto , Tobias Ahsbahs, Tom Painter, Tom Wilson, Tomás Garnier Artiñano, Tony, Tschäff Reisberg, Victor Gordan, Yorick Droz, Youri Hubaut, Zoey O’Neill.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Yf-RSIrPLQ