As global warming worsens, green spaces in urban areas will play an important role in providing respite. According to a new analysis, these urban green spaces will be crucial in preventing heat-related deaths, which have been on the rise in recent years.
The analysis, published in BMJ Open, reviewed a selected 12 studies on the influence of urban green spaces on heat-related diseases and deaths published from January 2000 to December 2022. The studies took place in Hong Kong, Australia, Vietnam, the U.S., South Korea, Portugal and Japan.
According to the analysis, green spaces showed to improve health for residents of urban areas, and these green spaces were particularly beneficial to vulnerable populations, including elderly adults and children.
Studies in Australia and Japan revealed that adding more vegetation to urban spaces could reduce heat, including by 0.5 to 2 degrees Celsius in Melbourne Central Business District specifically, as well as reduce mortality rates related to heat stress. Further, the analysis determined that urban green spaces could reduce heat-related diseases and deaths as well as provide economic value.
On the other hand, one study examined in the analysis found that about one in four lives lost in heat waves could be saved, and a study in Seoul, South Korea revealed that areas with low vegetation and high temperatures had a high mortality effect.
“A review of urban greenery and its effect on heat-related morbidity and mortality suggests that urban green spaces, such as parks and trees, can have a positive impact on reducing the negative health effects associated with high temperatures,” the analysis authors wrote. “Studies have found that areas with more green space have lower rates of heat-related morbidity and mortality compared with areas with less green space. Moreover, urban greenery can also have a positive impact on mental health and well-being, which can also contribute to reducing the negative health effects of high temperatures.”
According to a separate study published in JAMA in August 2024, heat-related deaths increased by as much as 117% from 1999 to 2023 in the U.S. alone, or by around 63% when adjusting for age.
As such, the authors of that study had recommended that officials consider expanding access to public cooling and hydration centers to mitigate heat-related deaths.
Additionally, urban planners may want to consider integrating more green spaces for further physical and mental health benefits.
“Greenery helps lower ambient temperatures, which is especially beneficial during heatwaves in urban areas,” Ahsana Nazish, lead author of the analysis on urban green spaces and a researcher at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, told Euronews. “Beyond physical health, access to green spaces enhances mental well-being, further mitigating the negative health impacts of high temperatures.”
Nazish added that cities will need to invest more in green infrastructure to increase resilience to global warming.
The post Urban Green Spaces Are Increasingly Vital for Preventing Heat-Related Deaths, Analysis Finds appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/urban-green-spaces-heat-protection-public-health.html
Green Living
Earth911 Inspiration: No Louder Voice?
Saint Augustine, in a sermon to his congregation, urged them to look beyond books, even to Bible, to see God in nature: “God, whom you want to discover, never wrote a book in ink. Instead, He set before your eyes the things that He had made. Can you ask for a louder voice than that?”
How do we move past the identity politics that dominate discourse on the left and right at this fractured moment and amount to a cacophony of special pleadings for the advantage of small groups, nations, and isolated networks? That’s why we ignore the Earth, because we cannot look up from our daily concerns. We need a new universal value that unites, one that emphasizes human dignity in the context of a restored, regenerating nature.
Earth911 inspirations. Print them, post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day.
The post Earth911 Inspiration: No Louder Voice? appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/living-well-being/earth911-inspiration-no-louder-voice/
Green Living
Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet
Last Updated on February 6, 2026
Have you ever heard of Cancer Alley? It’s an ~85-mile stretch along the banks of the Mississippi River where communities exist beside ~200 fossil fuel and petrochemical operations.
Residents of Cancer Alley are exposed to more than 10x the level of health risk from hazardous air pollutants than people living elsewhere in the state. And it’s worth mentioning the residents exposed are mostly BIPOC and low-income communities.

But what exactly are petrochemicals? And how exactly do they harm both people and planet? Here’s everything you need to know.
what are petrochemical plants?
Petrochemical plants are facilities that process crude oil and fracked gas to make plastics, industrial chemicals and pesticides. They are usually located near petroleum refineries or integrated into large petrochemical complexes.
Petrochemical factories process and transform hydrocarbons into chemical products used in the plastics, textiles, automotive, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries.
Obtaining the raw materials needed to make petrochemicals is already carbon intensive – and the raw material processing these plants do only pollute further.
what is an example of a petrochemical?
An example of a petrochemical is ethylene, which is the most widespread petrochemical in the world, primarily used in the plastic industry to make polyethylene. You may know polyethylene as plastic resin #2 (HDPE – high density – used for milk jugs, detergent bottles, etc.) and #4 (LDPE – low density – used for plastic grocery bags/film).
Olefins plants (a specific type of petrochemical plant) produces ethylene. These plants use steam crackers and the energy input is considered one of the most energy intensive processes in the chemical industry.
But olefin plants are only one type of petrochemical plant. Aromatic plants produce nezene, toluene, and xylene from naphtha and other refinery streams. These make up dyes, detergents, and plastic products.
Syngas plants use natural gas or coal to generate synthetic gas, which creates industrial chemicals such as ammonia and methanol.

are petrochemicals harmful?
Petrochemicals have been linked to health problems, including cancer, according to an analysis in the New England Journal of Medicine.
That’s because to make petrochemicals, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pollute the air. Not to mention refineries and plants discharge toxins into waterways, which contributes to water pollution.
According to an Environmental Integrity Project (EIP) report, nearly 70 petrochemical companies across the nation are sending millions of pounds of pollutants into waterways each year due to weak or nonexistent regulations. And yes, it does contaminate drinking water.
Residents of Cancer Alley have experienced this firsthand. Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in their drinking water at levels hundreds of times higher than currently-suggested safe levels for human consumption.
And residents suffer the effects of extreme air pollution on a daily basis. Including increased risks of infertility, respiratory illness and cancer.
According to 70 interviews conducted by Human Rights Watch, women in Cancer Alley reported miscarriages, high-risk pregnancies, and poor health of newborns. Many shared stories of entire communities decimated by cancer (hence the name).

do petrochemicals harm the environment?
Yes, petrochemicals harm the environment too – petrochemical plants use massive amounts of energy to function, and in doing so, pollute the air, water and soil. Everything is intersectional.
Plus, as we transition away from fossil fuels to power our homes and businesses, petrochemical plants are becoming a lifeline to Big Oil. That’s because crude oil and gas are used to make many petrochemicals.
If petrochemical plants are allowed to grow, unregulated, there will be more consumption of oil and gas to come for decades. This directly contributes to climate change.
what is being done + how can we help?
Cancer Alley residents are fighting for reignition and change.
Sharon Lavigne, a retired special education teacher, founded Rise St. James, an organization focused on bringing environmental justice to the people of St. James Parish. The parish is located in one of Cancer Alley’s polluted hotspots, and Lavigne’s demands are far from radical. She simply wants clean air and drinking water.
Yet a lawsuit filed by the Biden Justice Department and EPA was recently dropped by the current administration.
Robert Taylor, founder of Concerned Citizens of St. John, said “…our government has abandoned us. We have been designated a sacrifice zone.”
Unfortunately, Texas recently also cleared the way for petrochemical expansion despite health warnings.
So how do we make an impact? Here are a few ways we can help:
- Reduce your reliance on plastics. Especially single-use. Here’s a beginner’s guide to waste reduction.
- Advocate for extended producer responsibility (EPR).
- Ditch banks that support the fossil fuel industry in favor of green banks.
- Support Earth Justice, which sews on behalf of the earth.
- Avoid using pesticides and advocate against their use on farms. Support local, pesticide-free farmers whenever possible.
- Invest in clean energy and green financing.
- Support community-based initiatives impacted most by petrochemical plants, such as Rise St. James and Concerned Citizens of St. John.
- Speak up and spread the word. Share this article so more people know about petrochemicals and why they harm people + planet.
How are you advocating against petrochemicals? Let me know in the comments!
The post Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet appeared first on Going Zero Waste.
Green Living
Pizza Boxes Are More Recyclable Than Ever
Back in 2020, the Recycling Partnership and WestRock released a scientific study demonstrating that used pizza boxes are recyclable, even when greasy and contaminated with cheese. Since that research was published, the findings have driven significant improvements in recycling program acceptance nationwide.
The basic results are clearly favorable for greater acceptance of pizza boxes for recycling. The typical pizza box has 1% to 2% grease content by weight, which is about one-tenth the acceptable level for cardboard (corrugated paperboard) recycling. The study looked at the impact of greasy boxes on mixed recycling loads that include 8% greasy pizza boxes with varying levels of greasy contamination from between 3% and 40%. The recycled materials produced were still viable for packaging use, well within the tensile strength required for packaging.
Recycling Acceptance Has Expanded
Since the study was released, pizza box recycling acceptance has grown substantially. According to the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), 82% of Americans now have access to a community recycling program that accepts pizza boxes—up from 73% in 2020. AF&PA member company mills representing 94% of old corrugated container consumption now accept pizza boxes with no observed impacts to operations or finished product quality.
The AF&PA’s guidance is unambiguous: “Corrugated pizza boxes are successfully recycled every day at paper mills throughout the country. Our industry wants these boxes back to recycle.”
Since about 3 billion pizza boxes are used in the U.S. each year, the improved recycling processes can capture roughly 600,000 tons of cardboard annually that could be turned into new boxes, paper towels, toilet paper, and other paper products.
What To Do Do With Your Next Pizza Box?
Our guidance is based on the research and current program acceptance:
For most Americans: Your recycling program likely accepts pizza boxes. Remove any leftover pizza, flatten the box, and place it in your recycling bin. Light grease stains are acceptable; the science confirms they don’t affect the recycling process.
If your box has a waxed paper liner, remove it before recycling: The box itself can be recycled as normal cardboard.
If your program prohibits pizza boxes: Don’t send materials your program won’t accept. Instead, check the composting options below or contact your local recycling coordinator to share the Recycling Partnership’s toolkit and AF&PA research. Citizen requests carry a lot of weight at local departments of sanitation.
If your box is heavily saturated with grease: Consider composting instead of recycling. While typical grease levels are fine for recycling, boxes that are completely soaked may be better suited for composting programs.
What About The Cheese?
You might ask, “Isn’t cheese a barrier to successful recycling?” Cheese tends to solidify and get screened out during the pulping process,” according to the 2020 report. The researchers tested sending boxes heavily contaminated with cheese through a recycling process and found that it did not significantly reduce the resulting paper fiber’s viability for reuse. Paper mills have become increasingly adept at screening out chunks of cheese during processing.
Composting: A Great Alternative
When recycling isn’t available, or your pizza box is heavily soiled, composting provides an excellent alternative that keeps cardboard out of landfills while creating nutrient-rich soil. Many cities now accept pizza boxes in curbside organics programs:
New York City requires all residents to separate food scraps and food-soiled paper from trash as of April 2025. Pizza boxes are explicitly accepted in the brown bin program.
California jurisdictions statewide must provide organics collection under SB 1383. Food-soiled pizza boxes can go in compostables carts.
Portland, Oregon updated its guidelines under the state’s Recycling Modernization Act. As of July 2025, empty pizza boxes with minimal grease are recyclable, while greasier boxes can go in yard waste bins.
King County, Washington accepts pizza boxes in composting, noting that food-soiled paper can be composted, though clean cardboard is better recycled.
For home composting, tear greasy cardboard into small pieces to speed up decomposition. The cardboard provides essential carbon to balance nitrogen-rich food scraps, improving compost quality.
How to Check Your Local Guidelines
Domino’s partnered with WestRock to launch Recycle My Pizza Box, which lets you enter your ZIP code to find specific recycling guidance for your area. The site also provides template language you can share with local recycling programs that haven’t yet updated their guidelines.
Advocate for Change
If your municipality still lists pizza boxes in the “no” pile, you can help drive change:
- Share the WestRock Grease & Cheese Study with your local recycling coordinator
- Point them to the Recycling Partnership’s free toolkit, which includes updated bin labels, mailers, and social media assets
- Reference the AF&PA’s industry guidance confirming that paper mills want these boxes back
The progress since 2020 shows that advocacy works. Communities from Anchorage to New York have updated their programs based on this research.
Eat happily—that box can become the next pizza box you receive, or any number of other paper products that keep valuable fiber in circulation.
Learn More
- WestRock Grease & Cheese Study
- Recycling Partnership Pizza Box Toolkit
- AF&PA Pizza Box Recycling Guidance
- Domino’s Recycle My Pizza Box
- The Recycling Partnership’s Community Recycling Data
Editor’s Note: Originally published on July 28, 2020, this article was substantially updated in February 2026.
The post Pizza Boxes Are More Recyclable Than Ever appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/how-to-recycle/yes-pizza-boxes-are-recyclable/
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