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Less than two months following the removal of four hydroelectric dams along the Klamath River, some of its salmon have swum upstream in Oregon to start spawning for the first time in over a century.

The first salmon was spotted October 3 on sonar, swimming through the former site of Siskiyou County’s Iron Gate Dam, reported the San Francisco Chronicle. Ever since that initial sighting, scientists say dozens to maybe hundreds of Chinook salmon have swum through the site — the southernmost of the four.

“The salmon remember,” Frankie Myers, vice chairperson of the Yurok Tribe, told the San Francisco Chronicle.

The purpose of the $500 million project was to restore the river’s natural flow and revive wildlife — including the salmon — in the Klamath River basin.

Since the dams were dismantled, scientists from Tribes, conservation organizations and state and federal governments have been watching for fish swimming by the former dam sites using video stations, sonar cameras and ground crews.

California state biologists have seen salmon swimming in creeks that had been blocked by the dams decades earlier, preventing the fish from accessing their ancestral spawning grounds, the Los Angeles Times reported.

“It’s amazing,” said fisherman Ron Reed, a member of the Karuk Tribe, as reported by the Los Angeles Times. “That’s what we’ve prayed for.”

Indigenous activists and leaders, like Reed, campaigned for decades for the removal of the dams.

Reed wasn’t surprised at how fast the fish have moved back upriver into their traditional creek beds.

“They’re very adept and very resilient,” said Reed. “And the fact that the fish are going up above the dams now, to the most prolific spawning and rearing habitat in North America, definitely shines a very bright light on the future. Because with those dams in place, we were looking at extinction.”

A closeup of a fall-run Chinook salmon seen on Oct. 16, 2024 in a tributary of the Klamath River after removal of the dams. Jacob Peterson, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife

In addition to preventing salmon from reaching their spawning areas, the dams degraded the water quality of the river, contributing to outbreaks of disease and toxic algae blooms that sometimes killed great numbers of fish.

PacifiCorp agreed to remove the dams after discovering the cost would be lower than complying with current environmental standards. It was the biggest dam removal ever in the U.S.

The salmon can now swim more than 400 miles in the Klamath River and its tributaries.

Reed said the fall-run Chinook he and other Karuk Tribe members have been catching appear healthy and strong, “so much more beautiful this year.”

“The health and wellness of our people in the communities are so dependent upon the fish,” Reed said. “This really brings positive energy and hope for the future.”

Morgan Knechtle, a California Department of Fish and Wildlife senior environmental scientist who has participated in the surveys, said they have seen the salmon spawning successfully in the river.

“They’re doing what we had hoped,” Knechtle said, as the Los Angeles Times reported. “It looks like fish are adapting well and doing just what they’ve been doing for many, many thousands of years.”

Biologists are planning to track how many of the fish spawn and die over the coming couple of months.

“Because of Klamath River dam removal, salmon can return to the Upper Klamath Basin in Oregon for the first time in over 100 years. This will help restore salmon runs for Tribes up and down the river, including the Klamath Tribes in Oregon,” said Lee Rahr, Sustainable Northwest’s vice president of programs, in a press release from American Rivers.

On October 2, Klamath River Renewal Corporation — a nonprofit — announced that all dam removal work was complete. Two other dams are still in operation further upstream in Oregon.

Restoration of the Klamath River watershed — including native plant seeds being scattered by the Yurok Tribe — will continue for years to come.

“The river takes care of us, and we take care of the river,” said Yurok Tribe Chairperson Joseph L. James, as reported by the Los Angeles Times. “Our salmon have returned home.”

The post Salmon Spotted Swimming Far Upstream to Old Spawning Grounds After Historic Klamath River Dam Removal appeared first on EcoWatch.

https://www.ecowatch.com/oregon-klamath-river-dam-removal-salmon-restoration.html

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Earth911 Inspiration: Life Is An Endless Equation

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As humanity grows in its understanding of the complexity of living systems, we will encounter many opportunities to restore nature. Taoist author Deng Ming-Dao wrote in his daily meditations, 365 Tao, that “Life is one endless equation of darkness, brilliance, fragrance, color, sound, and sensation.”

Imagine the joys of nature, live them fiercely and gently in your daily life, and the world can grow anew.

Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.

The post Earth911 Inspiration: Life Is An Endless Equation appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/inspire/earth911-inspiration-life-is-an-endless-equation/

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Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness

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Would you like to read a transcript of this episode? Introducing Sustainability In Your Ear transcripts: Learn more.

What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, we explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.

Author Topher McDougal discusses his new book, Gaia Wakes, on this episode of Sustainability in Your Ear.

Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, he repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. Consequently, becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.

What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.

Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, McDougal repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. McDougal’s concept of becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.

Gaia Wakes poses challenging questions about whether we’re building toward a benign planetary intelligence or heading toward dystopian risks. McDougal doesn’t offer easy answers, but he provides a framework for thinking about how technological trends—from AI and smart infrastructure to global information networks—might be assembling the components of a planetary brain. The book is part speculative theory, part analytical deep dive. It challenges readers to think beyond traditional boundaries between nature and technology, individual and collective intelligence, human agency and planetary systems. You can learn more about Topher McDougal and his work at https://tophermcdougal.com/. Gaia Wakes is available on Amazon, Powell’s Books, and at local bookstores.

Editor’s Note: This episode originally aired on August 25, 2025.

The post Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/podcast/sustainability-in-your-ear-author-topher-mcdougal-asks-if-earth-is-evolving-a-planetary-consciousness/

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Oops, We Did It Again: 2025 Second Hottest Year On Record

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Yes, we resorted to a Britney Spears reference, but this isn’t cute anymore. The World Meteorological Organization confirmed that 2025 was the second-hottest year on record, with average global temperatures reaching 1.47°C above pre-industrial levels. Only 2024’s record-breaking heat was worse.

The past 11 years are now the warmest 11 years in the 176-year history of temperature records.

What is especially concerning about 2025 is that it occurred during La Niña, a natural Pacific cooling pattern that usually brings lower temperatures. This time, it did not help. Climate scientist James Hansen reportsthat global warming is now speeding up by 0.31°C per decade, and he predicts we will pass the +1.7°C mark by 2027.

For the first time, the average temperature from 2023 to 2025 was higher than the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement. Scientists say this threshold is crucial to prevent severe and lasting climate impacts for people alive today. In 2024, atmospheric CO₂ reached 423.9 parts per million, which is 53% higher than pre-industrial levels.

Atmospheric CO2 levels from 1960 through 2025. Source: NOAA

Meanwhile, the cascade of extreme weather continues: heat waves are now 10 times more likely than a decade ago, Arctic sea ice hit its lowest winter maximum on record, wildfires are devastating Greece and Turkey, and typhoons are forcing mass evacuations across Southeast Asia.

“Each year above 1.5 degrees will hammer economies, deepen inequalities and inflict irreversible damage,” said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo.

The measurements are undeniable. The data cannot be denied. Still, the United States government under the Trump administration is suppressing climate information and reversing clean energy policies to support coal, oil, and gas. COP30 ended without a clear promise to phase out fossil fuels.

As the planet cooks in industrial era pollution, playing politics with climate science is beyond irresponsible. It’s dangerous.

The post Oops, We Did It Again: 2025 Second Hottest Year On Record appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/earth-watch/oops-we-did-it-again-2025-second-hottest-year-on-record/

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