When plants hear the buzzing of bees collecting nectar, they increase their output of the sugary substance as the bees get closer, a new study by Francesca Barbero, a zoology professor at University of Turin, and a team of researchers from Spain and Australia has found.
The research suggests that plants play more of an active role in the symbiotic relationship they have with bees than previously thought. The plants’ behavior could be a survival tactic that favors giving sustenance to bees over “nectar robbers” who don’t offer them any reproductive benefits, a press release from the Acoustical Society of America said.
“Plant-pollinator coevolution has been studied primarily by assessing the production and perception of visual and olfactory cues, even though there is growing evidence that both insects and plants can sense and produce, or transmit, vibroacoustic signals,” Barbero said in the press release.
Pollinators produce a variety of sounds when they visit flowers — flapping their wings over a flower, hovering, landing and taking off. But these sounds are very small in comparison with other acoustics and vibrations of insect life, which had previously led to researchers overlooking their acoustic signals related to body and wing buzzing.
Barbero and an interdisciplinary team of entomologists, plant physiologists and sound engineers studied the signals to develop efficient and noninvasive methods to monitor pollinator communities and how they influence ecology and plant biology.
Barbero presented the findings on May 21 at the 188th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and 25th International Congress on Acoustics.
The team played recordings of buzzing sounds by a Rhodanthidium sticticum bee — also known as a “snail-shell bee” — near growing snapdragons to monitor the plants’ reactions.
A photo of the recording device, the model snapdragon plant (A. litigiousum), and the approaching bee (R. sticticum). Vibrant Lab
They discovered that the sounds of the bees, who are snapdragon pollinators, caused the flowers to ramp up their volume of nectar and sugar, and even change the gene expression governing nectar production and the transport of sugar.
The response by the snapdragons could be a coevolutionary survival strategy, particularly if the plants are able to increase the pollinators’ loyalty by affecting how much time they spend inside their flowers.
“The ability to discriminate approaching pollinators based on their distinctive vibroacoustic signals could be an adaptive strategy for plants,” Barbero said. “By replying to their proper vibroacoustic signal — for instance, an efficient pollinator’s — plants could improve their reproductive success if their responses drive modifications in pollinator behavior.”
The research team is looking into whether the plants’ responses increased the attraction of all visitors to their flowers — including the nectar robbers — or just suitable pollinators.
“Our hypothesis is that the changes in nectar we observed after treating the plants with the sounds of the best pollinators specifically increase the attraction of this particular species (Rhodanthidium sticticum),” Barbero said, as The Guardian reported. “However, to confirm this, we need to conduct choice tests to assess how different nectar concentrations attract various species.”
Barbero said that if they are able to confirm this response from insects, sounds could be used alongside plants and crops to increase the attraction of their specific pollinators.
The researchers are conducting ongoing analyses to compare snapdragon reponses to nectar robbers and other pollinators.
“The multitude of ways plants can perceive both biotic factors — such as beneficial and harmful insects, other neighboring plants — and abiotic cues, like temperature, drought, and wind in their surroundings, is truly astonishing,” Barbero said in the press release.
The post Plants Produce More Nectar in Response to the Sound of Buzzing Bees: Study appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/plants-nectar-production-bees-buzzing.html
As humanity grows in its understanding of the complexity of living systems, we will encounter many opportunities to restore nature. Taoist author Deng Ming-Dao wrote in his daily meditations, 365 Tao, that “Life is one endless equation of darkness, brilliance, fragrance, color, sound, and sensation.”
Imagine the joys of nature, live them fiercely and gently in your daily life, and the world can grow anew.
Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.
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https://earth911.com/inspire/earth911-inspiration-life-is-an-endless-equation/
Green Living
Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness
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What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, we explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.
Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, he repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. Consequently, becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.
What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.
Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, McDougal repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. McDougal’s concept of becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.
Gaia Wakes poses challenging questions about whether we’re building toward a benign planetary intelligence or heading toward dystopian risks. McDougal doesn’t offer easy answers, but he provides a framework for thinking about how technological trends—from AI and smart infrastructure to global information networks—might be assembling the components of a planetary brain. The book is part speculative theory, part analytical deep dive. It challenges readers to think beyond traditional boundaries between nature and technology, individual and collective intelligence, human agency and planetary systems. You can learn more about Topher McDougal and his work at https://tophermcdougal.com/. Gaia Wakes is available on Amazon, Powell’s Books, and at local bookstores.
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Editor’s Note: This episode originally aired on August 25, 2025.
The post Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/podcast/sustainability-in-your-ear-author-topher-mcdougal-asks-if-earth-is-evolving-a-planetary-consciousness/
Yes, we resorted to a Britney Spears reference, but this isn’t cute anymore. The World Meteorological Organization confirmed that 2025 was the second-hottest year on record, with average global temperatures reaching 1.47°C above pre-industrial levels. Only 2024’s record-breaking heat was worse.
The past 11 years are now the warmest 11 years in the 176-year history of temperature records.
What is especially concerning about 2025 is that it occurred during La Niña, a natural Pacific cooling pattern that usually brings lower temperatures. This time, it did not help. Climate scientist James Hansen reportsthat global warming is now speeding up by 0.31°C per decade, and he predicts we will pass the +1.7°C mark by 2027.
For the first time, the average temperature from 2023 to 2025 was higher than the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement. Scientists say this threshold is crucial to prevent severe and lasting climate impacts for people alive today. In 2024, atmospheric CO₂ reached 423.9 parts per million, which is 53% higher than pre-industrial levels.
Meanwhile, the cascade of extreme weather continues: heat waves are now 10 times more likely than a decade ago, Arctic sea ice hit its lowest winter maximum on record, wildfires are devastating Greece and Turkey, and typhoons are forcing mass evacuations across Southeast Asia.
“Each year above 1.5 degrees will hammer economies, deepen inequalities and inflict irreversible damage,” said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo.
The measurements are undeniable. The data cannot be denied. Still, the United States government under the Trump administration is suppressing climate information and reversing clean energy policies to support coal, oil, and gas. COP30 ended without a clear promise to phase out fossil fuels.
As the planet cooks in industrial era pollution, playing politics with climate science is beyond irresponsible. It’s dangerous.
The post Oops, We Did It Again: 2025 Second Hottest Year On Record appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/earth-watch/oops-we-did-it-again-2025-second-hottest-year-on-record/
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