Scientists once believed that humpback whales only gave birth in the warmth and safety of specific breeding grounds in tropical waters, where they spent half the year.
However, new research has revealed that humpbacks around Tasmania and New Zealand can birth calves much further south than expected, and can do so during their epic migrations.
“Historically the ‘feeding/breeding’ paradigm has dominated humpback whale ecology, where feeding and reproduction are spatially and temporally separated, with summer ‘feeding grounds’ and winter ‘breeding grounds’ restricted to habitats at the latitudinal extremes of their range,” the authors of the findings wrote. “In this paradigm, the summer and winter habitats are connected by a ‘migration corridor’ considered only to be a thoroughfare… However, humpback whales have been shown to feed in this migration corridor along with performing other important behaviors, such as resting, maintenance of skin health, and song sharing.”
One or two? How many can you see?
NEW whale research out today
I took this photo back in 2017 off the heads of Sydney Harbour.
McPhee-Frew et al. 2025
www.frontiersin.org/journals/mar…
— Dr Vanessa Pirotta (@drvanessapirotta.bsky.social) May 20, 2025 at 4:20 AM
Scientists say the results mean we must improve awareness of their expanded calving areas in order to protect baby whales.
“Hundreds of humpback calves were born well outside the established breeding grounds,” said Dr. Tracey Rogers, senior author of the findings and a marine ecologist at University of New South Wales, in a press release from Frontiers. “Giving birth along the ‘humpback highway’ means these vulnerable calves, who are not yet strong swimmers, are required to swim long distances much earlier in life than if they were born in the breeding grounds.”
The new discovery calls into question much of the scientific understanding of the lives of humpbacks. It had been thought that humpbacks spent summers feeding on krill in the polar and subpolar waters of places like Alaska, Iceland and Southern Greenland, then migrated south to warmer waters in the Caribbean, off the coast of Mexico and in the Hawaiian Islands.
“Alongside my studies, I work as a marine guide,” said lead author of the study Jane McPhee-Frew, a Ph.D. candidate in biological sciences at the University of New South Wales. “In July 2023, during a whale-watching tour, I encountered a mum and calf at the mouth of Newcastle Harbor — the busiest shipping port in Eastern Australia. The calf was tiny, obviously brand new. What were they doing there? But none of my tourism colleagues seemed surprised.”
Inspired by the sighting, researchers investigated the humpback whales’ calving range around New Zealand and Australia using citizen observations, reported strandings and government surveys. Data from migration surveys was supplied by New Zealand’s Department of Conservation Cook Strait Whale Project, and information on whale strandings as far back as 1991 was provided by Australian state wildlife departments.
The research team found records of humpback whale calves that included 11 births, 168 observations of calves and 41 strandings. Information on 118 whales’ direction of travel showed they continued to migrate north after giving birth.
“Humpback whale populations undertake extensive long-distance migrations from the Southern Ocean to breeding grounds in the tropics,” said co-author of the study Dr. Adelaide Dedden, a marine wildlife project officer with Australia’s National Parks and Wildlife Service. “They rely heavily on body reserves from an enormous amount of Antarctic krill to support the physiological costs of the journey and reproduction.”
The highest latitude where a humpback whale calf was detected was at Port Arthur, Tasmania — 932.1 miles further south than the researchers had previously thought humpbacks could calve.
The highest-latitude birth that was recorded was witnessed at Kaikoura, New Zealand, slightly further north.

A mother and baby whale swim at Kiama, New South Wales, Australia. Vanessa Risku – Instagram: droning_my_sorrows
Most observations of live humpback calves were recorded in 2016 and after, with two-thirds of them made in 2023 or 2024. Comparisons with whaling logbooks and historical texts indicated that calves born on the migration route had been observed before whaling decimated the population.
“I think it’s very likely that this pattern has always existed, but the low number of whales obscured it from view,” McPhee-Frew explained. “The Eastern Australia humpback population narrowly escaped extinction, but now there are 30, 40, or 50,000 in this population alone. It doesn’t happen overnight, but the recovery of humpback whales, and the return of their full range of behaviors and distribution, just goes to show that with good policies built on good science we can have excellent outcomes.”
The study, “Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) continue migration after giving birth in temperate waters in Australia and New Zealand,” was published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science.
The post Humpback Whales Give Birth During Epic Migrations and Continue Traveling: Study appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/humpback-whales-migrations-birth.html
Green Living
Earth911 Inspiration: No Louder Voice?
Saint Augustine, in a sermon to his congregation, urged them to look beyond books, even to Bible, to see God in nature: “God, whom you want to discover, never wrote a book in ink. Instead, He set before your eyes the things that He had made. Can you ask for a louder voice than that?”
How do we move past the identity politics that dominate discourse on the left and right at this fractured moment and amount to a cacophony of special pleadings for the advantage of small groups, nations, and isolated networks? That’s why we ignore the Earth, because we cannot look up from our daily concerns. We need a new universal value that unites, one that emphasizes human dignity in the context of a restored, regenerating nature.
Earth911 inspirations. Print them, post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day.
The post Earth911 Inspiration: No Louder Voice? appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/living-well-being/earth911-inspiration-no-louder-voice/
Green Living
Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet
Last Updated on February 6, 2026
Have you ever heard of Cancer Alley? It’s an ~85-mile stretch along the banks of the Mississippi River where communities exist beside ~200 fossil fuel and petrochemical operations.
Residents of Cancer Alley are exposed to more than 10x the level of health risk from hazardous air pollutants than people living elsewhere in the state. And it’s worth mentioning the residents exposed are mostly BIPOC and low-income communities.

But what exactly are petrochemicals? And how exactly do they harm both people and planet? Here’s everything you need to know.
what are petrochemical plants?
Petrochemical plants are facilities that process crude oil and fracked gas to make plastics, industrial chemicals and pesticides. They are usually located near petroleum refineries or integrated into large petrochemical complexes.
Petrochemical factories process and transform hydrocarbons into chemical products used in the plastics, textiles, automotive, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries.
Obtaining the raw materials needed to make petrochemicals is already carbon intensive – and the raw material processing these plants do only pollute further.
what is an example of a petrochemical?
An example of a petrochemical is ethylene, which is the most widespread petrochemical in the world, primarily used in the plastic industry to make polyethylene. You may know polyethylene as plastic resin #2 (HDPE – high density – used for milk jugs, detergent bottles, etc.) and #4 (LDPE – low density – used for plastic grocery bags/film).
Olefins plants (a specific type of petrochemical plant) produces ethylene. These plants use steam crackers and the energy input is considered one of the most energy intensive processes in the chemical industry.
But olefin plants are only one type of petrochemical plant. Aromatic plants produce nezene, toluene, and xylene from naphtha and other refinery streams. These make up dyes, detergents, and plastic products.
Syngas plants use natural gas or coal to generate synthetic gas, which creates industrial chemicals such as ammonia and methanol.

are petrochemicals harmful?
Petrochemicals have been linked to health problems, including cancer, according to an analysis in the New England Journal of Medicine.
That’s because to make petrochemicals, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pollute the air. Not to mention refineries and plants discharge toxins into waterways, which contributes to water pollution.
According to an Environmental Integrity Project (EIP) report, nearly 70 petrochemical companies across the nation are sending millions of pounds of pollutants into waterways each year due to weak or nonexistent regulations. And yes, it does contaminate drinking water.
Residents of Cancer Alley have experienced this firsthand. Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in their drinking water at levels hundreds of times higher than currently-suggested safe levels for human consumption.
And residents suffer the effects of extreme air pollution on a daily basis. Including increased risks of infertility, respiratory illness and cancer.
According to 70 interviews conducted by Human Rights Watch, women in Cancer Alley reported miscarriages, high-risk pregnancies, and poor health of newborns. Many shared stories of entire communities decimated by cancer (hence the name).

do petrochemicals harm the environment?
Yes, petrochemicals harm the environment too – petrochemical plants use massive amounts of energy to function, and in doing so, pollute the air, water and soil. Everything is intersectional.
Plus, as we transition away from fossil fuels to power our homes and businesses, petrochemical plants are becoming a lifeline to Big Oil. That’s because crude oil and gas are used to make many petrochemicals.
If petrochemical plants are allowed to grow, unregulated, there will be more consumption of oil and gas to come for decades. This directly contributes to climate change.
what is being done + how can we help?
Cancer Alley residents are fighting for reignition and change.
Sharon Lavigne, a retired special education teacher, founded Rise St. James, an organization focused on bringing environmental justice to the people of St. James Parish. The parish is located in one of Cancer Alley’s polluted hotspots, and Lavigne’s demands are far from radical. She simply wants clean air and drinking water.
Yet a lawsuit filed by the Biden Justice Department and EPA was recently dropped by the current administration.
Robert Taylor, founder of Concerned Citizens of St. John, said “…our government has abandoned us. We have been designated a sacrifice zone.”
Unfortunately, Texas recently also cleared the way for petrochemical expansion despite health warnings.
So how do we make an impact? Here are a few ways we can help:
- Reduce your reliance on plastics. Especially single-use. Here’s a beginner’s guide to waste reduction.
- Advocate for extended producer responsibility (EPR).
- Ditch banks that support the fossil fuel industry in favor of green banks.
- Support Earth Justice, which sews on behalf of the earth.
- Avoid using pesticides and advocate against their use on farms. Support local, pesticide-free farmers whenever possible.
- Invest in clean energy and green financing.
- Support community-based initiatives impacted most by petrochemical plants, such as Rise St. James and Concerned Citizens of St. John.
- Speak up and spread the word. Share this article so more people know about petrochemicals and why they harm people + planet.
How are you advocating against petrochemicals? Let me know in the comments!
The post Petrochemicals: How They Affect People + Planet appeared first on Going Zero Waste.
Green Living
Pizza Boxes Are More Recyclable Than Ever
Back in 2020, the Recycling Partnership and WestRock released a scientific study demonstrating that used pizza boxes are recyclable, even when greasy and contaminated with cheese. Since that research was published, the findings have driven significant improvements in recycling program acceptance nationwide.
The basic results are clearly favorable for greater acceptance of pizza boxes for recycling. The typical pizza box has 1% to 2% grease content by weight, which is about one-tenth the acceptable level for cardboard (corrugated paperboard) recycling. The study looked at the impact of greasy boxes on mixed recycling loads that include 8% greasy pizza boxes with varying levels of greasy contamination from between 3% and 40%. The recycled materials produced were still viable for packaging use, well within the tensile strength required for packaging.
Recycling Acceptance Has Expanded
Since the study was released, pizza box recycling acceptance has grown substantially. According to the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), 82% of Americans now have access to a community recycling program that accepts pizza boxes—up from 73% in 2020. AF&PA member company mills representing 94% of old corrugated container consumption now accept pizza boxes with no observed impacts to operations or finished product quality.
The AF&PA’s guidance is unambiguous: “Corrugated pizza boxes are successfully recycled every day at paper mills throughout the country. Our industry wants these boxes back to recycle.”
Since about 3 billion pizza boxes are used in the U.S. each year, the improved recycling processes can capture roughly 600,000 tons of cardboard annually that could be turned into new boxes, paper towels, toilet paper, and other paper products.
What To Do Do With Your Next Pizza Box?
Our guidance is based on the research and current program acceptance:
For most Americans: Your recycling program likely accepts pizza boxes. Remove any leftover pizza, flatten the box, and place it in your recycling bin. Light grease stains are acceptable; the science confirms they don’t affect the recycling process.
If your box has a waxed paper liner, remove it before recycling: The box itself can be recycled as normal cardboard.
If your program prohibits pizza boxes: Don’t send materials your program won’t accept. Instead, check the composting options below or contact your local recycling coordinator to share the Recycling Partnership’s toolkit and AF&PA research. Citizen requests carry a lot of weight at local departments of sanitation.
If your box is heavily saturated with grease: Consider composting instead of recycling. While typical grease levels are fine for recycling, boxes that are completely soaked may be better suited for composting programs.
What About The Cheese?
You might ask, “Isn’t cheese a barrier to successful recycling?” Cheese tends to solidify and get screened out during the pulping process,” according to the 2020 report. The researchers tested sending boxes heavily contaminated with cheese through a recycling process and found that it did not significantly reduce the resulting paper fiber’s viability for reuse. Paper mills have become increasingly adept at screening out chunks of cheese during processing.
Composting: A Great Alternative
When recycling isn’t available, or your pizza box is heavily soiled, composting provides an excellent alternative that keeps cardboard out of landfills while creating nutrient-rich soil. Many cities now accept pizza boxes in curbside organics programs:
New York City requires all residents to separate food scraps and food-soiled paper from trash as of April 2025. Pizza boxes are explicitly accepted in the brown bin program.
California jurisdictions statewide must provide organics collection under SB 1383. Food-soiled pizza boxes can go in compostables carts.
Portland, Oregon updated its guidelines under the state’s Recycling Modernization Act. As of July 2025, empty pizza boxes with minimal grease are recyclable, while greasier boxes can go in yard waste bins.
King County, Washington accepts pizza boxes in composting, noting that food-soiled paper can be composted, though clean cardboard is better recycled.
For home composting, tear greasy cardboard into small pieces to speed up decomposition. The cardboard provides essential carbon to balance nitrogen-rich food scraps, improving compost quality.
How to Check Your Local Guidelines
Domino’s partnered with WestRock to launch Recycle My Pizza Box, which lets you enter your ZIP code to find specific recycling guidance for your area. The site also provides template language you can share with local recycling programs that haven’t yet updated their guidelines.
Advocate for Change
If your municipality still lists pizza boxes in the “no” pile, you can help drive change:
- Share the WestRock Grease & Cheese Study with your local recycling coordinator
- Point them to the Recycling Partnership’s free toolkit, which includes updated bin labels, mailers, and social media assets
- Reference the AF&PA’s industry guidance confirming that paper mills want these boxes back
The progress since 2020 shows that advocacy works. Communities from Anchorage to New York have updated their programs based on this research.
Eat happily—that box can become the next pizza box you receive, or any number of other paper products that keep valuable fiber in circulation.
Learn More
- WestRock Grease & Cheese Study
- Recycling Partnership Pizza Box Toolkit
- AF&PA Pizza Box Recycling Guidance
- Domino’s Recycle My Pizza Box
- The Recycling Partnership’s Community Recycling Data
Editor’s Note: Originally published on July 28, 2020, this article was substantially updated in February 2026.
The post Pizza Boxes Are More Recyclable Than Ever appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/how-to-recycle/yes-pizza-boxes-are-recyclable/
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NEW whale research out today