In the Cerrado — the largest and most plant-diverse savanna in the world — scientists have discovered that just 30 tree species account for almost half of the ecosystem’s trees.
The phenomenon is called “hyperdominance” and has major implications for the understanding and conservation of the Cerrado, a press release from University of Exeter said.
For the study, researchers from Brazil, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom drew upon data from more than 200 field plots, along with spatial modeling and satellite imagery.
Researchers carry out field work in the Cerrado. Professor Ted Feldpausch, University of Exeter
They found that less than two percent of the 1,605 tree species found in the Cerrado accounted for nearly half of all trees in the unique savanna. Among the group of hyperdominant trees, one in 14 were of a particular species: Qualea parviflora.
“We were surprised by this level of hyperdominance in such a diverse ecosystem,” said lead author of the study Dr. Facundo Alvarez with the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), in the press release. “This pattern is similar to what’s been observed in the Amazon rainforest, although the Cerrado is a savanna. Our research also determined that the Cerrado has lost an estimated 24 billion trees since 1985 – a staggering figure equivalent to three times the Earth’s current human population. Understanding the dominance of these few species is essential in light of such losses.”
The Cerrado spans two million square kilometers, an area as large as France, Germany, Spain, Italy and England combined. It serves as a gateway to Amazonia and plays an essential part in sequestering carbon and supplying clean water.
Ecosystems such as the Amazon and Cerrado where just a few species are hyperdominant highlight the risk of the species loss these biomes face due to deforestation, fragmentation and land use changes.
“When so many ecosystem processes are concentrated in 30 or so individual species it means that if you disrupt this system, for example through climate change, then depending on how those species respond to that disruption there’s a risk of losing the species that are key to maintaining core functionality of the savanna as a savanna,” said Ted Feldpausch, co-author of the study and a professor at University of Exeter, in the press release.
Feldpausch explained that, since the stability and functioning of the Cerrado are narrowly based due to the domination of just 30 species, focusing on those could assist researchers in understanding the functioning of this vast ecosystem.
“It could help us make predictions about how the system as a whole is going to function – and potentially how it will respond to disruptions, whether from changing fire regimes or a changing climate,” Feldpausch said.
Lead co-author of the study Professor Beatriz Marimon, a professor with UNEMAT, said it would help with conservation as well.
“[K]nowing where we find higher and lower diversity; it’s going to help with management – so knowing, for example, whether these are species are more or less adaptive to fire; and if we’re trying to restore areas, understanding these few species is going to help with that too,” Marimon said.
The Cerrado is a critically endangered biome, more than half of which has been deforested and just eight percent of which is protected.
Up to now, the Cerrado has been a barrier separating Amazonia from urbanized and densely populated southeastern Brazil. It regulates climate while contributing to the water supply of major cities.
“Yet global environmental policies continue to overlook the Cerrado,” said co-author of the study Professor Ben Hur Marimon Junior with UNEMAT. “Its protection must become an international priority — not a burden carried solely by local communities.”
The study, “Tree species hyperdominance and rarity in the South American Cerrado,” was published in the journal Communications Biology.
The post World’s Most Diverse Savanna Dominated by Just 30 Tree Species: Study appeared first on EcoWatch.
https://www.ecowatch.com/brazil-cerrado-tree-species-biodiversity.html
As humanity grows in its understanding of the complexity of living systems, we will encounter many opportunities to restore nature. Taoist author Deng Ming-Dao wrote in his daily meditations, 365 Tao, that “Life is one endless equation of darkness, brilliance, fragrance, color, sound, and sensation.”
Imagine the joys of nature, live them fiercely and gently in your daily life, and the world can grow anew.
Earth911 inspirations. Post them, share your desire to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.
The post Earth911 Inspiration: Life Is An Endless Equation appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/inspire/earth911-inspiration-life-is-an-endless-equation/
Green Living
Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness
Would you like to read a transcript of this episode? Introducing Sustainability In Your Ear transcripts: Learn more.
What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, we explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.
Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, he repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. Consequently, becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.
What if Earth is developing a planetary collective intelligence emerging from the convergence of ecological crisis, new global information systems, and the data-crunching capabilities of artificial intelligence? This provocative question drives economist Topher McDougal’s book, Gaia Wakes: Earth’s Emergent Consciousness in an Age of Environmental Devastation. On this episode of Sustainability In Your Ear, explore McDougal’s sweeping theory that our planet may be in the early stages of developing what he calls a “Gaiacephalos”—a planetary consciousness that could fundamentally reshape humanity’s role in the global ecosystem. McDougal opens his book with a striking metaphor from Star Trek: The Next Generation, where the Enterprise’s computer systems flicker into sentience, its emerging “personality” acting out disagreements in the holodeck that nearly destroy the ship. That episode, McDougal argues, mirrors our current moment. As environmental devastation accelerates and technologies become increasingly networked, we may be witnessing the birth pangs of a planetary intelligence that could guide us toward survival or react chaotically to the damage humans have caused.
Building on James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth as a self-regulating living system, McDougal explores the profound and unsettling implications of Gaiacephalos. What is humanity’s role? Noting a paradox in human development, that societies have become increasingly peaceful at the expense of massive environmental degradation, McDougal discusses how concepts like “progress” and “free will” might change in a world governed by an emergent planetary intelligence. Drawing on ancient myths—from Hopi legends to the Tower of Babel—McDougal uses traditional stories as lenses for understanding global transformation. Throughout our conversation, McDougal repeatedly references the work of René Descartes and how his mind-body split has defined Western thinking since the Enlightenment. He argues that this mechanistic view prevents us from understanding emerging systems holistically—whether we’re talking about AI, collective intelligence, or planetary consciousness. We keep separating the physical system that performs calculations from the experience of thought itself, missing the integrated whole. McDougal’s concept of becoming “indigenous to our times” offers a path forward. Rather than appropriating Indigenous ways of life, he suggests we need to learn how to live fully in relationship with our current systems and places. True indigeneity means understanding our role within larger systems and, as the apex predator currently destroying the ecosystem we depend on, being thoughtful about our interactions within that system.
Gaia Wakes poses challenging questions about whether we’re building toward a benign planetary intelligence or heading toward dystopian risks. McDougal doesn’t offer easy answers, but he provides a framework for thinking about how technological trends—from AI and smart infrastructure to global information networks—might be assembling the components of a planetary brain. The book is part speculative theory, part analytical deep dive. It challenges readers to think beyond traditional boundaries between nature and technology, individual and collective intelligence, human agency and planetary systems. You can learn more about Topher McDougal and his work at https://tophermcdougal.com/. Gaia Wakes is available on Amazon, Powell’s Books, and at local bookstores.
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Editor’s Note: This episode originally aired on August 25, 2025.
The post Best of Sustainability In Your Ear: Author Topher McDougal Asks If Earth Is Evolving A Planetary Consciousness appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/podcast/sustainability-in-your-ear-author-topher-mcdougal-asks-if-earth-is-evolving-a-planetary-consciousness/
Yes, we resorted to a Britney Spears reference, but this isn’t cute anymore. The World Meteorological Organization confirmed that 2025 was the second-hottest year on record, with average global temperatures reaching 1.47°C above pre-industrial levels. Only 2024’s record-breaking heat was worse.
The past 11 years are now the warmest 11 years in the 176-year history of temperature records.
What is especially concerning about 2025 is that it occurred during La Niña, a natural Pacific cooling pattern that usually brings lower temperatures. This time, it did not help. Climate scientist James Hansen reportsthat global warming is now speeding up by 0.31°C per decade, and he predicts we will pass the +1.7°C mark by 2027.
For the first time, the average temperature from 2023 to 2025 was higher than the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement. Scientists say this threshold is crucial to prevent severe and lasting climate impacts for people alive today. In 2024, atmospheric CO₂ reached 423.9 parts per million, which is 53% higher than pre-industrial levels.
Meanwhile, the cascade of extreme weather continues: heat waves are now 10 times more likely than a decade ago, Arctic sea ice hit its lowest winter maximum on record, wildfires are devastating Greece and Turkey, and typhoons are forcing mass evacuations across Southeast Asia.
“Each year above 1.5 degrees will hammer economies, deepen inequalities and inflict irreversible damage,” said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo.
The measurements are undeniable. The data cannot be denied. Still, the United States government under the Trump administration is suppressing climate information and reversing clean energy policies to support coal, oil, and gas. COP30 ended without a clear promise to phase out fossil fuels.
As the planet cooks in industrial era pollution, playing politics with climate science is beyond irresponsible. It’s dangerous.
The post Oops, We Did It Again: 2025 Second Hottest Year On Record appeared first on Earth911.
https://earth911.com/earth-watch/oops-we-did-it-again-2025-second-hottest-year-on-record/
This Won’t End Well for the Minnesota Shooter
DeBriefed 9 January 2026: US to exit global climate treaty; Venezuelan oil ‘uncertainty’; ‘Hardest truth’ for Africa’s energy transition
DeBriefed 9 January 2026: US to exit global climate treaty; Venezuelan oil ‘uncertainty’; ‘Hardest truth’ for Africa’s energy transition
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