Published

11 months ago

April 26, 2025

Alice Rush

Researchers from Dartmouth College have estimated that the biggest corporations in the world have caused a total of $28 trillion in climate damage.

The results of the study are meant to help with efforts to hold the companies financially accountable, reported The Associated Press.

“Here we detail the scientific and legal implications of an ‘end-to-end’ attribution that links fossil fuel producers to specific damages from warming,” the researchers wrote in the findings. “Using scope 1 and 3 emissions data from major fossil fuel companies, peer-reviewed attribution methods and advances in empirical climate economics, we illustrate the trillions in economic losses attributable to the extreme heat caused by emissions from individual companies.”

The researchers looked at pollution from 111 companies, with over half of the total cost coming from just 10 fossil fuel providers — Chevron, BP, Shell, ExxonMobil, Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, Permex, the British Coal Corporation, Coal India and the National Iranian Oil Co.

Topping the list, the researchers found that Gazprom and Saudi Aramco have each caused over $2 trillion in heat damage.

*Men row a fishing boat on the Volga Delta near Russia’s biggest gas industry complex, controlled by Gazprom, in Seitovka, Russian Federation in May 1997. Reza / Getty Images*

The $28 trillion total is a little less than the cost of all the goods and services the United States produced in 2024.

The researchers calculated that for each one percent of greenhouse gases pumped into the planet’s atmosphere since 1990, $502 billion in damage has been caused from heat alone. This does not include the costs of other extreme weather like droughts, floods and hurricanes.

Lead author of the findings Christopher Callahan, now a Stanford University Earth systems scientist, said the study was an attempt to determine “the causal linkages that underlie many of these theories of accountability” in polluter pay laws and lawsuits, as AP reported.

According to research firm Zero Carbon Analytics, there have been 68 climate damage lawsuits filed worldwide, with over half in the U.S.

“Everybody’s asking the same question: What can we actually claim about who has caused this?” said co-author of the findings Justin Mankin, a climate scientist at Dartmouth. “And that really comes down to a thermodynamic question of can we trace climate hazards and/or their damages back to particular emitters?”

Mankin and Callahan said the answer is “yes.”

The pair of researchers began by looking at the products’ known final emissions — such as electricity from coal plants or gas — produced by the biggest fossil fuel companies going back 137 years. They then translated the emissions into changes in the planet’s global average surface temperature and compared them to an emissions-free world using 1,000 different computer simulations.

They found that Chevron’s pollution, for example, had increased Earth’s surface temperature by 0.45 degrees Fahrenheit.

The researchers also calculated the amount of pollution each company contributed to the planet’s five hottest days using 80 additional computer simulations and applying a formula connecting extreme heat intensity to fluctuations in economic output.

The system was modeled on established techniques that have been used by scientists for over 10 years to attribute extreme weather to climate change.

Mankin said the study “really laid clear how the veil of plausible deniability doesn’t exist anymore scientifically. We can actually trace harms back to major emitters,” reported AP.

Callahan said in the past it hadn’t been possible to calculate individual companies’ damage because it would get lost in the data.

“Drawing quantitative linkages between individual emitters and particularized harms is now feasible, making science no longer an obstacle to the justiciability of climate liability claims,” the researchers wrote in the findings.

The study, “Carbon majors and the scientific case for climate liability,” was published in the journal Nature.

The post $28 Trillion in Climate Warming Damage Caused by 111 of the World’s Biggest Companies: Study appeared first on EcoWatch.

https://www.ecowatch.com/climate-warming-damage-global-companies-cost.html

Green Living

Earth911 Inspiration: Show Up for Planet Earth

Published

1 day ago

April 3, 2026

Alice Rush

Make Earth Day 2026 the next step in your response to the environmental damage inflicted by recent U.S. policy reversals that have gutted decades of effort to preserve the climate our species—and all of nature—depends on. EarthDay.org has declared this year’s mission, to make “Our Power, Our Planet” the basis of celebrations on April 18th, a day of action, and April 22nd, the traditional date for Earth Day. Don’t just sit and savor nature, step up to the resist the forces dismantling the environmental protections that followed from the first Earth Day in 1970, which led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Water Act, and Clean Air Act, among so many important national efforts.

Post and share Earth911 posters to help people think of the planet first, every day. Click the poster to get a larger image.

The post Earth911 Inspiration: Show Up for Planet Earth appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/inspire/earth911-inspiration-show-up-for-planet-earth/

Green Living

Mother Nature’s Medicine: 4 Natural Remedies for Healthy Kids

Published

1 day ago

April 3, 2026

Alice Rush

The global market for natural health products now exceeds $300 billion, and parents are leading the charge — looking for gentler, plant-based alternatives to synthetic medicines for their kids. Some natural remedies have centuries of traditional use behind them. Others have meaningful clinical support. And a few carry real safety caveats that are easy to miss when you’re shopping for a more natural medicine cabinet.

Four ingredients cover a lot of ground: coconut oil, essential oils, honey, and apple cider vinegar. Here’s what the evidence says about each, including what to watch out for, especially with younger children.

Note: A trained medical professional is always your best resource for treating serious ailments. This article provides general information, not medical advice. Never delay or ignore professional care based on something you read online.

This article contains affiliate links that help fund our work.

Coconut oil has many beneficial uses. Image courtesy of Phu Thinh Co.

1. Coconut Oil

Coconut oil earns its place in a natural medicine cabinet through sheer versatility. Applied topically, it works well as a balm for chapped cheeks, a diaper rash treatment for babies, a soothing after-bath moisturizer for dry skin, and as a carrier oil when diluting essential oils for topical use. It’s also a perfectly serviceable cooking oil — just keep separate containers to avoid cross-contamination between cosmetic and kitchen uses.

Look for unrefined, virgin coconut oil — it retains more of the naturally occurring medium-chain fatty acids (including lauric acid, which has demonstrated antimicrobial properties in lab studies) compared to refined versions. Nutiva Organic Virgin Coconut Oil is a consistently available option.

2. Essential Oils: Effective, But Use With Care

Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts potent enough to have real therapeutic effects, and potent enough to cause real harm if misused. For kids, the most useful are:

Lavender oil soothes minor skin irritation, helps with relaxation, and has mild antiseptic properties. It’s one of the gentler oils for children. Plant Therapy Lavender Essential Oil is a reputable, widely available option.
Tea tree oil (melaleuca) is a well-documented antiseptic useful for skin rashes and has shown effectiveness against head lice. NOW Tea Tree Oil is a reliable choice.
Eucalyptus oil supports respiratory comfort when diffused and can be used in a natural chest rub for older children. Plant Therapy Eucalyptus Globulus is a good starting point. For children under 2, eucalyptus in any form should be avoided. For children ages 2–4, use only with extra caution and well-diluted.

Eucalyptus age limits: Eucalyptus age limits: The blanket warning “never use on children under 10” guidance circulating online is an overstatement. The European Medicines Agency concludes that eucalyptus used by inhalation, topically, or as a bath additive is appropriate from age 4, and that oral use is restricted to age 12 and up. Do not apply near the nose, mouth, or face of any young child. Robert Tisserand and Rodney Young’s Essential Oil Safety (2nd ed., 2014), the field’s standard reference, supports this more nuanced reading.

Lavender and tea tree and hormonal concerns with boys: Research published in the New England Journal of Medicine found a link between topical use of lavender and tea tree oils and hormonal disruption in prepubescent boys. Aromatherapy (diffusing) is the lower-risk alternative for this age group.

Always dilute essential oils. Undiluted oils should never be applied to a child’s skin. For children under 2, use a 0.5–1% dilution in a carrier oil (like coconut or almond oil). For ages 2–6, 1–2% is appropriate.

No peppermint for children under 30 months. Peppermint oil can increase seizure risk in very young children and should be avoided.

For a comprehensive reference, Johns Hopkins Medicine’s essential oil safety guide for children is a solid starting point. And check with your pediatrician before introducing new oils, especially for children with respiratory conditions.

Sweet honey on the spoon — Honey is much more than a sweetener. Image courtesy of Rachel.

3. Honey: Powerful Medicine — With A Critical Exception

Raw honey does considerably more than sweeten tea. Applied topically, it’s an effective treatment for acne, particularly raw honey, which retains more antimicrobial compounds. Manuka honey from bees that pollinate the New Zealand mānuka bush has demonstrated well-documented antibacterial properties and is worth keeping on hand for wound care and throat soothing.

For throat relief, a spoonful of honey dissolved in warm water with lemon is effective for children over 1 year old. Look for raw Manuka honey rather than processed honey in a plastic squeeze bottle, which has been heated and filtered to the point of losing most of its beneficial properties.

Critical Safety Warning — Honey and Infants: The FDA, CDC, and American Academy of Pediatrics all recommend that honey never be given to children under 12 months of age — in any form, including baked goods, cereals, or foods that contain honey as an ingredient. Honey can harbor Clostridium botulinum spores, which can cause infant botulism, a serious and potentially fatal illness. Infants’ digestive systems are not mature enough to neutralize the spores. This restriction applies to raw honey, pasteurized honey, and honey in cooked or processed foods. After age 1, honey is safe.

4. Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar’s acidic properties make it useful for a handful of topical applications. Two cups diluted in bathwater can help soothe eczema flares; diluted 50/50 with water, it’s effective for sunburn relief and itchy skin.

Its strong taste makes internal use a tough sell for kids, but they can still benefit from external applications. As with honey, quality matters: get an unfiltered, unpasteurized brand that retains “the mother” — the strand-like protein-enzyme matrix that forms during fermentation. Bragg Organic Raw Apple Cider Vinegar is the go-to product and is widely available.

A note on internal use for older kids and adults: ACV is acidic enough to erode tooth enamel if taken undiluted or frequently. Always dilute in water and consult a healthcare provider before making it a regular supplement.

These four ingredients are a good starting point for your own natural healing remedies. Simple and straightforward, most will be readily available at your local health food store and are a cinch to apply or administer.

Building Your Natural Medicine Cabinet

These four ingredients give you solid coverage for common minor ailments — skin irritation, dryness, colds, scrapes, and more. Most are available at natural grocery stores; the essential oils are easy to find online from reputable brands like Plant Therapy, NOW, and Edens Garden, all of which publish third-party testing data.

Start simple, read the labels carefully (especially age guidance on essential oils), and keep products stored out of reach of young children. When in doubt, your pediatrician is the right call.

Editor’s Note: Originally written by Madeleine Summerville on April 8, 2015, this article was updated in March 2026 to reflect current pediatric safety guidance, including honey/infant botulism warnings and updated essential oil age recommendations.

The post Mother Nature’s Medicine: 4 Natural Remedies for Healthy Kids appeared first on Earth911.

https://earth911.com/living-well-being/mother-natures-medicine-4-natural-remedies-for-healthy-kids/

Green Living

Infographic: Tips for an Environmentally Responsible, Low-Maintenance Yard

Published

2 days ago

April 2, 2026

Alice Rush

Spring is officially here, inspiring gardening plans as well as dread of lawn chores. Before you immerse yourself in another year of yard maintenance, we have a question for you: When was the last time you reevaluated your yard maintenance tactics and outdoor plant selections? An environmentally friendly approach to a low-maintenance yard can save you money, time, and effort while it benefits the local ecosystem.

By carefully selecting the right plants, including natives and perennials, you can minimize watering and yearly plantings — resulting in less work for you and a lower water bill. And by employing natural gardening techniques, such as composting and companion planting, you can keep your soil healthy and keep pests away — without chemicals.

Naturally, a healthy and biodiverse yard looks different depending on your climate and region. Are you familiar with the plants that are native to your region? It’s exciting to choose the optimal plants for your garden because you know you’re giving them the best chance of success — plus, you’re helping the surrounding ecosystem.

Before selecting your plants, be sure to check the noxious weed lists or your county extension office to make sure you don’t pick invasive plant species. Some low-maintenance plants may be invasive in your region. For example, English Ivy, an attractive, low-maintenance vine, is an aggressive invader and on the noxious weed of the United States list.

With careful plant selection and eco-friendly gardening strategies, you’ll enjoy a low-maintenance yard, save money, and benefit Mother Earth too! Check out the tips and plant recommendations in the following infographic from HomeAdvisor.